1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 98.1p1 release (March 2nd, 1998)
originally by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds
* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
* with significant contributions from:
Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Structure File Encoding</TITLE>
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Structure File Encoding">
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="tpman">
<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="tpman.css">
<LINK REL="next" HREF="node43.html">
<LINK REL="previous" HREF="node41.html">
<LINK REL="up" HREF="tpman.html">
<LINK REL="next" HREF="node43.html">
</HEAD>
<BODY >
<!--Navigation Panel-->
<A NAME="tex2html642"
HREF="node43.html">
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/next.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html638"
HREF="tpman.html">
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/up.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html632"
HREF="node41.html">
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/prev.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html640"
HREF="node4.html">
<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/contents.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html641"
HREF="node58.html">
<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/index.png"></A>
<BR>
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html643"
HREF="node43.html">Compatibility with previous versions</A>
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html639"
HREF="tpman.html">The Term Processor Kimwitu</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html633"
HREF="node41.html">Syntax of the Kimwitu</A>
<BR>
<BR>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<H1><A NAME="SECTION000130000000000000000">
Structure File Encoding</A>
</H1>
This is a description of the ASCII SSL V3 format as used by Grammatech's Synthesizer
Generator and the term processor Kimwitu (University of Twente).
(Actually, both of these are generators of programs using this representation.)
<P>
Not all features are described, e.g. other atomic phyla are possible in Synthesizers, but not
in combination with Kimwitu.
<P>
The structure file format is an ASCII encoding of a term.
It is a prefix representation of this term.
A file representation has two major components.
The first component is a table of the operators that are used in the term,
operators not appearing in the term do not have to be contained in this table.
The operators in this table are numbered, starting from 0.
The second component of the file is a representation of the term (or object as it is called).
The begin markers of these components, <I>$operators</I> and <I>$object</I>,
must be followed by one space at the end of the line.
<P>
Each line in the operator table describes the properties of one operator, and has 4 fields.
The fields in the line are separated by one space.
They are: the operator name, the number of its operands, the number of attributes (in term processor
generated files this is always 0), and an indication of whether the operator belongs to an atomic phylum
(1=yes, 0=no).
<P>
In the object section each line
represents one node in the term.
There are four types of these nodes: operator applications, string constants, integer constants,
and pointers to shared nodes.
<P>
A line beginning with a number denotes an operator application, it is an index in the operator table.
The rest of this line, if any, can be ignored (it contains an alternative unparsing indication
for some tools).
An operator of an atomic phylum is followed, on the next line, by a representation of a value.
<P>
A plus sign (+) denotes a string, and is followed by a number indicating the number of characters in
the string, a separating space, and the string.
In the string, all printable characters except the backslash (
<!-- MATH: $\backslash$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
SRC="img42.gif"
ALT="$\backslash$">)
are represented as such.
A backslash is doubled, and a non printable character is represented as a backslash followed
by a hexadecimal representation of the ascii number, e.g. newline is
<!-- MATH: $\backslash$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
SRC="img42.gif"
ALT="$\backslash$"><TT>oa</TT>.
An integer is represented as the string encoding of its decimal representation.
<P>
Pointers serve to share trees, and strings (but not integers).
Such a pointer is encoded in a base-64 representation, in which the character <TT>:</TT>
represents the `digit' 0, and the character <TT>y</TT> represents the `digit' 63.
Intermediate `digits' are represented by the intermediate ascii characters.
For example, the string <TT>;=</TT> denotes the value 67.
Conceptually at least, the result of each operator application is stored in one table,
and each string
is stored in a second table.
The two numbers on the line below the begin marker <I>$object</I> give the size of the
operator application resp. the string table.
The pointer value is then a reverse index (counting from the end back)
in the appropriate table of values.
E.g. the last value of the appropriate kind in the file before the pointer has number 1.
<P>
The following two examples illustrates the structure file format.
Both examples show the same term; the first example contains no sharing,
the second everything possible is shared.
Also, in the second example the operator table in the operators section has been
sorted (decreasingly) on the number of operator applications.
As a result, the references to this table should be smaller (lower numbers), taking less
characters for their representation.
<P><TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">A#S#C#S#S#L#V#3
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>magic word indicating file type</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">$operators
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>begin marker operator table</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Spec 12 0 0
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>operator 0</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Label 1 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">_Str 0 0 1
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>operator of an atomic phylum</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_comment_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Specification_id 1 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Identifier 2 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">NoCaseStr 0 0 1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_DefExtension 1 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_gate_identifier_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_identifier_declaration_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Noexit_part 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_data_type_definition_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Definition_block 3 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Stop_expression 2 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_annotation_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_process_definition_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Booleans_NotChecked 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_IS8807 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">$object
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>begin marker object</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">24 4
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>number of operator applications; number of strings</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">0
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>operator application, index in table above</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">2</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">+10 specname_1
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>string representation</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">3</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">4</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">5</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">6</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">+8 specname</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">7</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">6</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">+1 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">8</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">9</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">10</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">11</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">3</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">12</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">13</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">2</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">+6 stop_0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">14</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">11</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">15</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">16</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">14</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">17</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P><TABLE CELLPADDING=3>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">A#S#C#S#S#L#V#3
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>magic word indicating file type</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">$operators
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>begin marker operator table</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Label 1 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">NoCaseStr 0 0 1
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>operator of an atomic phylum</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">_Str 0 0 1
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>operator of an atomic phylum</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_identifier_declaration_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Spec 12 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_IS8807 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_comment_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Booleans_NotChecked 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_DefExtension 1 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Specification_id 1 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Definition_block 3 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_process_definition_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Identifier 2 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_gate_identifier_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_annotation_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Noexit_part 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">Nilcr_data_type_definition_list 0 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">CR_Stop_expression 2 0 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">$object
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>begin marker object</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">21 4
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>number of operator applications; number of strings</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">4
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>operator application, index in table above</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">2</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">+10 specname_1
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>string representation</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">6
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>shared node referenced below as label_1</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">9</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">12</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">+8 specname</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">8</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">+1 0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">13</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">3</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">15</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">16
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>shared node referenced below as label_2</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">D
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>reference to label_1 above</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">10</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">17</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">2</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">+6 stop_0</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">14
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>shared node referenced below as label_3</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">@
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>reference to label_2 above</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">11</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">7</TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">=
<!-- MATH: $\leftarrow$ -->
<IMG
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
SRC="img43.gif"
ALT="$\leftarrow$">
<EM>reference to label_3 above</EM></TD>
</TR>
<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">5</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<P>
<HR>
<!--Navigation Panel-->
<A NAME="tex2html642"
HREF="node43.html">
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/next.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html638"
HREF="tpman.html">
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/up.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html632"
HREF="node41.html">
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/prev.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html640"
HREF="node4.html">
<IMG WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="contents"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/contents.png"></A>
<A NAME="tex2html641"
HREF="node58.html">
<IMG WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="index"
SRC="/usr/share/latex2html/icons/index.png"></A>
<BR>
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html643"
HREF="node43.html">Compatibility with previous versions</A>
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html639"
HREF="tpman.html">The Term Processor Kimwitu</A>
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html633"
HREF="node41.html">Syntax of the Kimwitu</A>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<ADDRESS>
<I></I>
<BR><I>2000-04-17</I>
</ADDRESS>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
