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LaBrea - The Tarpit
********************
*** INTRODUCTION ***
********************
LaBrea is a program that creates a tarpit or, as some have
called it, a "sticky honeypot". LaBrea takes over unused IP
addresses on a network and creates "virtual machines" that
answer to connection attempts. LaBrea answers those connection
attempts in a way that causes the machine at the other end to
get "stuck", sometimes for a very long time.
---
--- How does it work?
---
LaBrea works by watching ARP requests and replies. When the pgm
sees consecutive ARP requests spaced several seconds apart, without
any intervening ARP reply, it assumes that the IP in question is
unoccupied. It then "creates" an ARP reply with a bogus MAC address,
and fires it back to the requester.
An example (from a tcpdump of LaBrea running on my network):
14:18:28.832187 ARP who-has xx.xx.xx.13 tell xx.xx.xx.1
14:18:29.646402 ARP who-has xx.xx.xx.13 tell xx.xx.xx.1
14:18:31.707295 ARP who-has xx.xx.xx.13 tell xx.xx.xx.1
14:18:31.707574 ARP reply xx.xx.xx.13 is-at 0:0:f:ff:ff:ff
There is no xx.xx.xx.13 machine on my network. In this case,
the timeout was set to 3 seconds (it's a command line
parameter), and when that final "who-has" came in, the "is-at"
reply that you see was generated by LaBrea.
There isn't a MAC address of 0:0:f:ff:ff:ff either. It doesn't
exist.
But now, the router (xx.xx.xx.1) believes that there some
machine at xx.xx.xx.13, and that it resides on the MAC address
0:0:f:ff:ff:ff, and so it dutifully sends packets on. In
essence, we've created a "virtual machine" on that IP address.
Now, LaBrea also watches for TCP traffic destined for the ether
address 0:0:f:ff:ff:ff. When it sees an inbound TCP SYN packet,
it replies with a SYN/ACK that "tarpits" that connection
attempt. Everything else is ignored. (Well... sort of. LaBrea
also tries to give its "virtual machines" some character... you
can ping them, and they respond to a SYN/ACK with a RST...)
There's more to it than that (obviously...) but you'll need to
read further.
************************
*** How do I run it? ***
************************
Glad you asked!
The short answer:
Usage: LaBrea <options> <BPF filter>
The long answer:
---------------------------------------------
-- Interfaces / IP address / Netmask / BPF --
---------------------------------------------
--device (-i) interface : Set a non-default interface
If your machine has more than one interface, and LaBrea choses
the "wrong" one, you can use this option to direct it to the
correct one. Use a device name ("eth0") as a parameter.
On Windows, you can use the "-D" parameter to see the list of
interfaces is recognized.
--quiet (-q) : Do not report odd
(out of netblock) ARPs
If you have two netblocks, with non-contiguous addresses, LaBrea
will complain about seeing ARPs that it believes it shouldn't
see. This will tell it to "be quiet."
--bpf-file (-F) filename : Specify a BPF filter filename
Designates the name of a file containing a BPF filter pointing
to machines/ports to add to the tarpit.
Note that connections specified by the BPF filter will also be
tarpitted.
As with the command line BPF filter, these connections MUST be
firewalled to DROP inbound traffic or this won't work!
--mask (-m) mmm.mmm.mmm.mmm : User specified netmask
--network (-n) nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn[/nn] : User specified network number
Normally LaBrea picks up information from the interface in order
to determine the capture subnet.
Sometimes you might run LaBrea on an unconfigured interface (one
without an assigned IP address). In this case, you'll have to
provide the "netmask" and the "network number" for the capture
subnet.
The "n" parameter accepts a CIDR-format address. So the class C
subnet 192.168.99.xx could be specified as:
-n 192.168.99.33/24
or as:
-n 192.168.99.33 -m 255.255.255.0
Note: KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING. If these numbers are not correct,
BAD THINGS may happen.
--my-ip-addr (-I) nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn : Specify system's IP address
--my-mac-addr (-E) xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx : Specify system's MAC address
LaBrea needs to know the NIC's (Network Interface Card) IP and
MAC addresses. This information is used to construct the ARPs
that LaBrea uses to determine if an IP address is occupied or
not.
On certain systems (e.g. old Win98), the API that supports the
libdnet intf rtn is not installed. So you have to specify the
system IP and MAC address yourself.
If you specify one, then you have to specify the other. You will
also have to manually specify the capture subnet information.
Note: As mentioned above, be VERY careful when manually
specifying this information. If you get it wrong, bad things can
happen.
--------------------------
-- Tarpitting behaviour --
--------------------------
--throttle-size (-t) datasize : Set connection throttling
size in bytes
Since you're "inviting" the scanners in, you might as well place
some restrictions on them. This option sets the TCP window
advertisement to limit the amount of data sent by the scanner.
The number of data bytes to allow per packet is passed as a
parameter.
Default value is 10 unless persist mode is used. With persist
mode, defualt value is 3.
--arp-timeout (-r) rate : Set arp timeout rate
in seconds
The number of seconds to wait between arp requests before
deciding that an IP address is unused.
Here is a description of the algorithm used:
On an IP by IP basis, we store a time and an originating IP
address:
1) When you see an ARP request, check the current time:
a) If currently stored time is 0 or the arp comes from a
different address than the one stored, store the
current time and the requesting IP and return.
b) If the stored time is less than "-r" seconds ago,
ignore it and return.
c) If currently stored time is more than a minute ago,
store 0, return. (Max timeout)
d) Otherwise, grab the IP!
2) See an ARP reply, set stored time to 0.
The default timeout is 3 seconds.
------------------
-- IP Capturing --
------------------
--switch-safe (-s) : "Safe" operation in a
switched environment
Under a switched environment it is possible for LaBrea to see an
ARP request, but not see the resulting ARP reply. LaBrea can
still work under these conditions by sending out "mirror" ARP
requests of its own.
If this parameter is specified, when LaBrea sees an inbound ARP
request the pgm sends out a duplicate ARP request for the same
IP, with the LaBrea server itself as the target for the reply.
--exclude-resolvable-ips (-X) : Automatically exclude resolvable
IPs from capture.
On startup, this will attempt DNS resolution on all IPs within
your netblock, and automatically exclude any that resolve.
--disable-capture (-x) : Disable IP capture
This instructs LaBrea NOT to capture IPs.
--hard-capture (-h) : "Hard" capture IPs
The -h option instructs LaBrea that once it captures an IP
address, it needn't wait for a "-r" timeout the next time it
sees an Arp request for this IP. IPs are "hard" captured.
See the section on the configuration file for further
information.
--soft-restart (-R) : Wait while recapturing
active connects
"Soft Restart" mode. What this does is to hold off on any new
attempt to force incoming sessions into the "persist" state for
5 minutes. This lets things settle down and gets the bandwidth
calculations going. Note that during this period, IPs will still
be captured, pings will still be responded to (if specified),
etc.
After I changed some stuff in LaBrea, I thought I would be
tricky and restart LaBrea quickly so I could keep hold of the
connections I had already trapped. And lo, one of the dogs of
the internet chose that moment to hit me with a scan. LaBrea
didn't have enough information for correctly calculating
bandwidth yet, so I ended up with *WAY* too many connections.
"Soft restart" mode prevents this from happening.
--auto-hard-capture (-H) : Automatically hard capture
addresses not excluded.
This marks all non-excluded and all non-hardexcluded IPs as
being hard captured. Use CAREFULLY.
------------------------------
-- Persistent state capture --
------------------------------
--max-rate (-p) maxrate : "Persist" state capture
connect attempts
LaBrea will permanently capture connect attempts within the
limit of the maximum data rate specified (in Kbits/sec).
This value is expressed in KiloBytes/Sec. (This is a change from
previous versions.)
This is UNBELIEVABLY COOL (if I do say so myself...) If you
specify this flag and a maximum bandwidth, several things will
happen.
First of all, this forces data throttling to 3 bytes (see the
"-t" option above).
Then, when a connection is attempted, LaBrea will force the
connection into what is known as "persist" state. In persist
state, the connection NEVER times out. You'll literally hang
onto the scanning thread until you stop or they stop.
Running unchecked, this could have a detrimental effect on your
bandwidth, so LaBrea will make every effort to limit itself to
the maximum bandwidth that you specify (in Kb/sec). If it
can't capture a connection, LaBrea will still tarpit it. Note:
It'll stay pretty NEAR your MAXBW number... YMMV.
--log-bandwidth (-b) : Log bandwidth usage to syslog
This will send an update on the current bandwidth being consumed
by the -p option to the log every minute. If you're
interested... (Note: it'll only work if you have -p enabled.
Duh...)
--persist-mode-only (-P) : Persist mode capture only.
Persist mode capture only. This tries to limit bandwidth by
only persist capturing. When we're at full bandwidth, standard
tarpitting won't happen, but because the same "conversation"
that leads to persist capture also has the side-effect of
tarpitting, when we're below our set bandwidth, it's not really
effective. (It was easy to do though...)
-------------------------------
-- Virtual machine behaviour --
-------------------------------
--no-resp-synack (-a) : Do not respond to SYN/ACKs
and PINGs
By default, LaBrea's "virtual machines" will respond to a
SYN/ACK packet with a RST.
This is nice behavior, because it makes it difficult for people
to use your empty IP addresses to "spoof".
The virtual machine will also respond to a ping, which acts as
an invitation to anything that preceeds a scan with a ping to
see if the target exists. Like say... NMap, or most worms. If
you DON'T want this behavior, use the "-a" option to disable it.
--no-resp-excluded-ports (-f) : "Firewall" excluded ports.
The -f parameter says to "firewall" excluded ports. With this
option, excluded ports will act as if they were firewalled to
DROP inbound connections.
The result is that nmap scans of LaBrea virtual machines in the
capture subnet will take a long time. This discourages hacking
activity while at the same time generating log entries that warn
you of the activity.
LaBrea is automatically configured to always respond to the
"usual" hacking ports.
Also, if there is enough activity on some other port, then the
virtual machines will adjust by starting to respond to incoming
connections on this new port.
----------------------------
Before giving the detailed explanation, first some definitions:
a) A standard port is one that LaBrea always responds to. These
ports are the ones that hackers and worms look for (e.g. telnet,
http, ftp, etc). See ctl.c for the complete list.
b) An excluded port is one that has been configured as such in
the configuration file. Even a standard port can be forced to be
excluded.
c) A dynamic port is one that is neither standard, nor excluded.
----------------------------
When "-f" is specified, LaBrea behaves as follows:
1) Excluded ports will do not respond at all (DROP).
2) Activity on a standard port will be handled as
usual (i.e. tarpitting, persist mode)
3) If LaBrea sees activity on a dynamic port, then it starts
counting the number of SYNs received (ie incoming
connections). When there is enough activity on the port, then
LaBrea will start responding to incoming connects:
a) If SYN count is less than 6, then drop the incoming
connection, but increment the counter by 1.
b) If SYN count is 6 or more, then respond to the incoming
connection (tarpitting / persist mode).
4) Every 15 minutes, all port counts < 255 are reduced by one to
eliminate the effect of SYN "noise". However, once a port count
reaches 255, the port will always respond to incoming SYNs.
--no-arp-sweep : Don't perform initial arp sweep of
capture subnet
LaBrea has a number of safety mechanisms built-in to avoid
causing problems with its virtual machines.
By default, LaBrea will do an arp sweep of the capture subnet in
order to detect IPs that are already occupied by active
machines. Arps are generated in bursts of 85 at 2 minute
intervals. However if the capture subnet is too large (>1024
addresses), then a warning message is given, and the arp sweep
is turned off.
Specifying this parameter means that LaBrea will not do the
initial arp sweep.
--------------
-- Logging ---
--------------
--log-to-syslog (-l) : Log activity to syslog
Sends all messages to system syslog once the initialisation is
completed. This is the default behaviour on Unix systems.
--verbose (-v) : Verbosely log activity to syslog
Log all IPs "captured", IPs "teergrubed", plus all activity from
the "teergrubed" hosts.
Specify twice for more effect.
--log-to-stdout (-o) : Output to stdout instead of syslog
This sends log information to stdout rather than to syslog.
This option also implies and sets the -d option (Do NOT detach
process).
Yes, I know... LaBrea is chatty and dumps a whole lot of stuff
into syslog. This gives you the option to have LaBrea log
information go to stdout instead.
"-o" is the default behaviour on Windows systems.
--log-timestamp-epoch (-O) : Same as -o w/time output in
seconds since epoch
The same as the "-o" option, but formats the time stamp
differently to make it easier for other "logfile analysis"
programs to parse it.
--version (-V) : Print version information and exit
---------------------------------
-- Windows-specific parameters --
---------------------------------
==> Note that on Windows systems, messages are sent by default to
stdout. Also LaBrea is not yet able to detach itself and run as a
standalone Windows service.
==> The following parameters are specific to Windows systems only:
--list-interfaces (-D) : List available interfaces
LaBrea uses two different APIs to interact with the NIC (network
card): libdnet and WinPcap. The libdnet intf API is used to
extract information from the NIC and to generate packets. The
WinPcap API is used to sniff.
Unfortunately, these two APIs have different nomenclatures for
the same underlying NIC.
Specifying this parameter causes LaBrea to generate the list of
available interfaces. Both the WinPcap and the libdnet device
lists are given.
In each list, the interface by default is indicated.
You get to pick an interface from each list if the defaults are
not right. Use the "-i" parameter (see above) to pick the
libdnet interface. See the following parameter for the WinPcap
device.
--winpcap-dev (-j) nn : Specify WinPcap device
The WinPcap device driver is used for packet sniffing.
By default, the first device in the WinPcap list is the one that
is used.
The "-j" parameter can be used to specify another entry in the
list.
For instance, "-j 2" says to use the 2cd entry in the WinPcap
device driver list.
----------------------------
Note: It is ESSENTIAL that the -j and -i parameters specify the
SAME physical interface (NIC).
--syslog-server nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn : Specify address of remote
syslog server
--syslog-port nnn : Specify port to be used for
remote syslog
On Windows systems, LaBrea offers syslog support.
For Windows NT and up, log messages will be sent to the local
Windows Application Event log if the "-l" parameter is
specified.
However, when "--syslog-server" is specified as well, then the
pgm will send log messages to a remote syslog server. This will
work even on Windows 98 or ME systems.
Finally, if the remote syslog doesn't open for some reason, then
LaBrea will fail over to the local application Event log.
--------------------------------
-- Special modes of operation --
--------------------------------
--dry-run (-T) : Test mode - Prints out debug
info but DOES NOT RUN
Test mode. If you're having trouble, try this first and see if
LaBrea is picking up the information on your adapter, netblock,
netmask, etc... correctly. This prints diagnostic information
and then exits.
--foreground (-d) : Do NOT detach process.
Some people want to run LaBrea under the control of another
process. This keeps LaBrea from detaching and running as a
daemon.
This is the default (only!) behaviour on Windows systems.
--usage --help (-?) : Give help messages
--no-nag (-z) : Turn off nag message
==> IMPORTANT ==> Be sure that you read the "Potential Issues"
section in the INSTALL documentation before you actually use
LaBrea.
--init-file filespec : Specify alternative location
for the configuration file
By default, LaBrea looks for the configuration file as follows:
Unix systems /usr/local/etc/labrea.conf
Windows systems LaBrea.cfg in the current execution directory
The "init-file" parameter can be a full filespec complete with
path information. LaBrea will look in the specified location for
the configuration file.
--debug nn : Produce debugging output
If debugging is compiled into LaBrea by specifying:
./configure enable-debugging
then this parameter causes the actual production of debug
output. See debug.h for an explication of debugging codes.
******************************
*** The Configuration file ***
******************************
This section describes the configuration file.
The configuration file contains directives that alter pgm
behaviour.
----------------------
-- Some definitions --
----------------------
First, some definitions.
* "Excluded" IPs are those that you DON'T want LaBrea to ever
capture.
Please note that you don't need to specify "active" IPs (ie
those with a live machine sitting on the address). LaBrea
won't capture an IP with a machine on it. This is only for
empty IPs that you DON'T want captured.
* "HardExcluded" IPs are those that you don't want LaBrea to
hard capture. This is only necessary with the -h option.
---------------------------
-- Specifying directives --
---------------------------
* IP addresses can be specified as either a single address:
192.168.33.99
or as a range of addresses:
192.168.0.1 - 192.168.0.50
* The same thing holds for ports and ranges of ports:
22
33-55
* The configuration file consists of lines with two parts: An IP
or Port (or and IP range or Port range) followed by a "tag". For
example:
192.168.0.1-192.168.0.50 exclude
Blank lines are ignored as are lines starting with "#".
------------------------------
-- Configuration statements --
------------------------------
LaBrea recognizes the following "tags":
exclude - This applies to local IP addresses. This means
that LaBrea is to never "capture" or "take-over"
this IP address.
hardexclude - Again, this applies to local IP addresses.
This config stmt is only useful if "-h" (hard
capture") is specified.
This means that LaBrea is to never "hard capture"
this address, therefore it must *always* wait for
the ARP timeout. If -s is specified, then
duplicate arps will be sent each time.
ipignore - This can be applied to ANY IP address. This keeps
LaBrea from tarpitting or persist capturing
connection attempts from this IP.
Note that ipignore takes a CIDR format address
specification (instead of a range of addresses):
nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn[/mm]
portignore - Port 1 - 65535. This keeps LaBrea from
tarpitting or persist capturing any connection
attempts against this port.
pmn - "Port monitor". This config stmt is only useful
if -f (firewalling) is specified. It tells
LaBrea to treat these ports as "standard" ports.
In other words, LaBrea is always to respond to
connections on these ports.
-------------------------------
-- Sample configuration file --
-------------------------------
Let's suppose that LaBrea is started with -f (firewalling) and
-h (hard capture).
Here then is a sample configuration file:
#
# Ignore packets from IP 192.168.0.94
#
192.168.0.94 exclude
#
# Ignore packets from the IP address range 192.168.0.1 to 50
#
192.168.0.1-192.168.0.50 exclude
#
# Always wait for the arp timeout for the address 192.168.0.55
#
192.168.0.55 hardexclude
#
# Ignore connection attempts from the class C subnet
# 123.45.67.89
#
123.45.67.89/24 ipignore
#
# Ignore connection attempts for the port range 121-180
#
121-180 portignore
#
# But still respond to port 155 (in the middle of this interval)
155 pmn
*************************
*** SIGNAL PROCESSING ***
*************************
If LaBrea is running in daemon mode (supported only on Unix),
then it will respond to various signals.
SIGHUP: LaBrea will redo the initialisation. This means in
practice that you can "let go" of someone by
putting the correct entry in the configuration file
and then issuing a SIGHUP.
SIGUSR1: This toggles logging as follows:
If logging was not enabled at start this sets the
'-l' flag
If logging (-l | -v) is set this saves the value
and turns off logging
If logging is presently toggled off it restores the
saved level (-l | -v)
-- PCAP Dispatcher loop processing --
On some systems, the libpcap code will not time out unless there
is activity on the network interface.
So this means that on a really quiet network, you might have
to ping the LaBrea server to get it to notice that you just did
a kill -HUP or kill -USR1.
The upside of this is the PCAP loop is more efficient.
***************************
*** LaBrea runs as root ***
***************************
If you have a message on Unix such as:
"labrea: *** Couldn't open pcap device for sniffing"
or on Windows you find that "labrea -D" doesn't list the
interfaces, then be aware of the following:
==> On unix, LaBrea must run as root
==> On Windows NT and later, LaBrea needs admin
privileges
************************************************
*** And now a few words from the sponsor ... ***
************************************************
---
--- Why did you write it?
---
The original concept for LaBrea started in response to the CodeRed
worm. Our IP block was being scanned non-stop. I began to wonder:
"Is there anything that can be done to stop this worm?" Of course,
many things came to mind, but most of them were illegal. Then, late
one night, I thought, "Maybe I can't stop these machines from
scanning, but I bet I can slow them down..."
The following morning I posted to the INTRUSIONS list at
incidents.org:
"I'm pretty sure that most of you are using your allotted ip
address space somewhat like I am. At any given time I'm using
only about 20-30% of the ip addresses that I have available. What
if I could put something on those other 80% of my ip addresses
that would give "Code Red" something to play with that would slow
it down to a crawl? A sort of "DoS" back at the worm.
Since those "extra" ip addresses aren't actually expecting any
inbound traffic, anything fired at them can safely be assumed to
be "bad" traffic. If I wrote a little piece of software that sat
on those ip's and listened on port 80, anything that it heard
could safely be "played" with.
My hypothetical program should be pretty simple: you see an
inbound packet at port 80 with SYN set, and you craft up a return
packet with SYN/ACK set and perhaps an option to set the MSS to
something small... say about 60 bytes. What does that do? Well,
as far as the attacking worm is concerned, after replying with an
ACK, it has completed a three-way handshake... it's connected.
It's also been told to send information back to you in small
chunks (to keep traffic to a minimum), which it dutifully does.
The only problem is, my program just answers SYN packets and
ignores everything else. So now the worm has to sit around while
the whole TCP connection times out. I'm not sure what the timeout
NT is, but I think most stacks are pretty persistent about "good"
connections, so it should hang it up for a good long time."
A few days later, Mihnea Stoenescu sent a message back to the list:
"Tom's concept works - I have a living proof.
For a few hours I've been teergrubing CodeReds via three-way
handshake on behalf of an entire C-block, by using only one host.
At a rate of 6 hosts per minute hitting my block, I'm consuming
circa 15 minutes of effective attack time every minute. A lot of
hosts can be scanned in 15 minutes."
Mihnea used a modified version of a program called Couic. But Couic
was written to do a lot more, so I went though, hacked it apart, and
put it back together to make "CodeRedneck."
CodeRedneck did essentially what I described in my post, but it only
worked on "real" connections that had some kind of firewalling that
kept the underlying machines from responding. It did nothing for all
of those "unused IPs".
After CodeRedneck was done, I began trying to figure out how to deal
with those unused IPs. Somehow I had to "create" machines, and my
first thought was to use IP aliasing under Linux. Using the Trinux
distribution I was able to put together a boot disk that, using a
list of unused IPs, "created" new machines, then firewalled and
"tarpitted" them. I called the new version "LaBrea".
The day after I released LaBrea, someone asked if it would be able to
handle a /24 network (65,535 hosts). Well, I didn't think my little
program would handle it, and, well... it didn't. And so... I tried
again.
That's how this new version of LaBrea came into being...
---
--- Why should I run it?
---
If you're a network administrator, I don't REALLY need to explain
this. They're out there, every day... 24/7/365. The scanners.
They're out there and you get to sit and watch them beat on your
network, doing reconnissance. Now you have a chance to make their
life more difficult.
Besides that... it's fun.
And, as Mihnea so wonderfully put it, you can come into work in the
morning, look at your logfiles and say "Wow - I'm *actually* saving
the world"
OK, maybe "saving the world" is a little much...
---
--- I still don't get it!
---
Try http://labrea.sourceforge.net. There's a mailing list there for
users to ask questions among other things.
To report bugs: Use the SourceForge Tracker at
http://labrea.sourceforge.net to report bugs or email
lorgor@users.sourceforge.net.
Comments, hate mail, and praise can be directed to
tliston@hackbusters.net
---
--- Legalese
---
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at
your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307,
USA.
---
--- Acknowledgements
---
I couldn't have written this without the patience and help of a
number of people-
The beta testers who put up with my constant tinkering: Barton Bruce,
Ben Curran, Andrew Daviel, Bill Dodd, Becky Pinkard, and Micropterus
Salmoides.
Tim Rushing who came to my rescue and offered to host the website
when the downloads of the original LaBrea boot disk were too much for
my connection to handle.
Matt Franz for putting together the Trinux package.
Mihnea Stoenescu for proving it would actually work.
Many thanks to Rick Downes of Radsoft (http://www.radsoft.net) for
all his help and encouragement. If you deal with any type of Windows
environment and you haven't checked out Radsoft's Extreme Power
Tools, you really, REALLY should.
Thanks also to Rob Rosenberger of VMyths (http://www.vmyths.com) for
his advice and assistance.
And a very special thanks to Donald Smith for putting up with LOTS of
questions (and actually answering most of them) and for letting me
bounce ideas off him.
$Id: README,v 1.2 2003/09/12 21:23:39 lorgor Exp $
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