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/** \file server/drivers/NoritakeVFD.c
* LCDd \c NoritakeVFD driver for the Noritake VFD Device CU20045SCPB-T28A.
*/
/*
Copyright (C) 2005 Simon Funke
Copyright (C) 2007 Richard Muratti ricacho@gmail.com
Copyright (C) 2007 Peter Marschall
This source Code is based on CFontz Driver of this package.
2005-08-01 Version 0.1: mostly everything should work (vbar, hbar never tested)
2007-09-16 Version 0.2:
- Fixed vbar & hbar - Allowed for displays with 2 custom characters
- Fixed cursor off - 16H - Data sheet for CU20045SCPB has error -> Cursor Off 14,16,17H
- Tested with CU40026SCPB-T20A - 40x2 - Hardware Defaults to 19200 8E1
- Added new config parameter [Parity] to set serial data parity 0(none),1(odd),2(even)
- Added config parameter OffBrightness
- added support for big numbers
CU40026SCPB-T20A SOFTWARE COMMANDS
Back Space 08H International Font 18H
Horizontal Tab 09H Katakana Font 19H
Line Feed 0AH Escape 1BH
Form Feed 0CH Send User Font +43H
Carriage Return 0DH Position cursor +48H
Clear Display 0EH Software Reset +49H
Increment Write Mode 11H Luminance +4CH
Vertical Scroll Mode 12H Flickerless Write +53H
Underline Cursor On 14H Cursor Blink Speed +54H
5x7 Block Cursor On 15H Character Data 20H+
Cursor Off 16H User Character Data 00H+
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
# include "config.h"
#endif
#include "lcd.h"
#include "NoritakeVFD.h"
#include "report.h"
#include "adv_bignum.h"
/* Constants for userdefchar_mode */
#define NUM_CCs 2 /* max. number of custom characters */
/** private data for the \c NoritakeVFD driver */
typedef struct NoritakeVFD_private_data {
char device[200];
int fd;
int speed;
int parity;
/* dimensions */
int width, height;
int cellwidth, cellheight;
/* framebuffer and buffer for old LCD contents */
unsigned char *framebuf;
unsigned char *backingstore;
/* definable characters */
CGmode ccmode;
int brightness;
int offbrightness;
} PrivateData;
/* Vars for the server core */
MODULE_EXPORT char *api_version = API_VERSION;
MODULE_EXPORT int stay_in_foreground = 0;
MODULE_EXPORT int supports_multiple = 0;
MODULE_EXPORT char *symbol_prefix = "NoritakeVFD_";
/* Internal functions */
static void NoritakeVFD_autoscroll (Driver *drvthis, int on);
static void NoritakeVFD_hidecursor (Driver *drvthis);
static void NoritakeVFD_reboot (Driver *drvthis);
static void NoritakeVFD_cursor_goto (Driver *drvthis, int x, int y);
/**
* Initialize the driver.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \retval 0 Success.
* \retval <0 Error.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT int
NoritakeVFD_init (Driver *drvthis)
{
struct termios portset;
int tmp, w, h;
int reboot = 0;
char size[200] = DEFAULT_SIZE;
PrivateData *p;
/* Allocate and store private data */
p = (PrivateData *) calloc(1, sizeof(PrivateData));
if (p == NULL)
return -1;
if (drvthis->store_private_ptr(drvthis, p))
return -1;
/* Initialize the PrivateData structure */
p->fd = -1;
p->cellwidth = DEFAULT_CELL_WIDTH;
p->cellheight = DEFAULT_CELL_HEIGHT;
p->ccmode = standard;
debug(RPT_INFO, "%s(%p)", __FUNCTION__, drvthis);
/* Read config file */
/* Which device should be used */
strncpy(p->device, drvthis->config_get_string(drvthis->name, "Device", 0, DEFAULT_DEVICE), sizeof(p->device));
p->device[sizeof(p->device)-1] = '\0';
report(RPT_INFO, "%s: using Device %s", drvthis->name, p->device);
/* Which size */
strncpy(size, drvthis->config_get_string(drvthis->name, "Size", 0, DEFAULT_SIZE), sizeof(size));
size[sizeof(size)-1] = '\0';
if ((sscanf(size, "%dx%d", &w, &h) != 2)
|| (w <= 0) || (w > LCD_MAX_WIDTH)
|| (h <= 0) || (h > LCD_MAX_HEIGHT)) {
report(RPT_WARNING, "%s: cannot parse Size: %s; using default %s",
drvthis->name, size, DEFAULT_SIZE);
sscanf(DEFAULT_SIZE, "%dx%d", &w, &h);
}
p->width = w;
p->height = h;
/* Which backlight brightness */
tmp = drvthis->config_get_int(drvthis->name, "Brightness", 0, DEFAULT_BRIGHTNESS);
if ((tmp < 0) || (tmp > 1000)) {
report(RPT_WARNING, "%s: Brightness must be between 0 and 1000; using default %d",
drvthis->name, DEFAULT_BRIGHTNESS);
tmp = DEFAULT_BRIGHTNESS;
}
p->brightness = tmp;
/* Which backlight-off "brightness" */
tmp = drvthis->config_get_int(drvthis->name, "OffBrightness", 0, DEFAULT_OFFBRIGHTNESS);
debug(RPT_INFO, "%s: OffBrightness (in config) is '%d'", __FUNCTION__, tmp);
if ((tmp < 0) || (tmp > 1000)) {
report(RPT_WARNING, "%s: OffBrightness must be between 0 and 1000; using default %d",
drvthis->name, DEFAULT_OFFBRIGHTNESS);
tmp = DEFAULT_OFFBRIGHTNESS;
}
p->offbrightness = tmp;
/* Which speed */
tmp = drvthis->config_get_int(drvthis->name, "Speed", 0, DEFAULT_SPEED);
if ((tmp != 1200) && (tmp != 2400) && (tmp != 9600) && (tmp != 19200) && (tmp != 115200)) {
report(RPT_WARNING, "%s: Speed must be 1200, 2400, 9600, 19200 or 115200; using default %d",
drvthis->name, DEFAULT_SPEED);
tmp = DEFAULT_SPEED;
}
if (tmp == 1200) p->speed = B1200;
else if (tmp == 2400) p->speed = B2400;
else if (tmp == 9600) p->speed = B9600;
else if (tmp == 19200) p->speed = B19200;
else if (tmp == 115200) p->speed = B115200;
/* Which parity */
tmp = drvthis->config_get_int(drvthis->name, "Parity", 0, DEFAULT_PARITY);
if ((tmp != 0) && (tmp != 1) && (tmp != 2) ) {
report(RPT_WARNING, "%s: Parity must be 0(=none), 1(=odd), 2(=even); using default %d",
drvthis->name, DEFAULT_PARITY);
tmp = DEFAULT_PARITY;
}
if (tmp != 0)
p->parity = (tmp & 1) ? (PARENB | PARODD) : PARENB;
/* Reboot display? */
reboot = drvthis->config_get_bool(drvthis->name, "Reboot", 0, 0);
/* Set up io port correctly, and open it...*/
debug(RPT_DEBUG, "%s: Opening device: %s", __FUNCTION__, p->device);
p->fd = open(p->device, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NDELAY);
if (p->fd == -1) {
report(RPT_ERR, "%s: open() of %s failed (%s)", drvthis->name, p->device, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
tcgetattr(p->fd, &portset);
// We use RAW mode (with varying parity)
#ifdef HAVE_CFMAKERAW
// The easy way
cfmakeraw(&portset);
// set parity the way we want it
portset.c_cflag &= ~(PARENB | PARODD);
portset.c_cflag |= p->parity;
#else
// The hard way
portset.c_iflag &= ~( IGNBRK | BRKINT | PARMRK | ISTRIP
| INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL | IXON );
portset.c_oflag &= ~OPOST;
portset.c_lflag &= ~( ECHO | ECHONL | ICANON | ISIG | IEXTEN );
portset.c_cflag &= ~( CSIZE | PARENB | CRTSCTS );
portset.c_cflag |= CS8 | CREAD | CLOCAL | p->parity;
#endif
// Set port speed
cfsetospeed(&portset, p->speed);
cfsetispeed(&portset, B0);
// Do it...
tcsetattr(p->fd, TCSANOW, &portset);
/* make sure the frame buffer is there... */
p->framebuf = (unsigned char *) malloc(p->width * p->height);
if (p->framebuf == NULL) {
report(RPT_ERR, "%s: unable to create framebuffer", drvthis->name);
return -1;
}
memset(p->framebuf, ' ', p->width * p->height);
/* make sure the framebuffer backing store is there... */
p->backingstore = (unsigned char *) malloc(p->width * p->height);
if (p->backingstore == NULL) {
report(RPT_ERR, "%s: unable to create framebuffer backing store", drvthis->name);
return -1;
}
memset(p->backingstore, ' ', p->width * p->height);
/* Set display-specific stuff..*/
if (reboot) {
NoritakeVFD_reboot(drvthis);
sleep(4);
}
NoritakeVFD_hidecursor(drvthis);
NoritakeVFD_autoscroll(drvthis, 0);
NoritakeVFD_set_brightness(drvthis, 1, p->brightness);
report(RPT_DEBUG, "%s: init() done", drvthis->name);
return 0;
}
/**
* Close the driver (do necessary clean-up).
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_close (Driver *drvthis)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
if (p != NULL) {
if (p->fd >= 0)
close(p->fd);
if (p->framebuf)
free(p->framebuf);
if (p->backingstore)
free(p->backingstore);
free(p);
}
drvthis->store_private_ptr(drvthis, NULL);
}
/**
* Return the display width in characters.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \return Number of characters the display is wide.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT int
NoritakeVFD_width (Driver *drvthis)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
return p->width;
}
/**
* Return the display height in characters.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \return Number of characters the display is high.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT int
NoritakeVFD_height (Driver *drvthis)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
return p->height;
}
/**
* Return the width of a character in pixels.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \return Number of pixel columns a character cell is wide.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT int
NoritakeVFD_cellwidth (Driver *drvthis)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
return p->cellwidth;
}
/**
* Return the height of a character in pixels.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \return Number of pixel lines a character cell is high.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT int
NoritakeVFD_cellheight (Driver *drvthis)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
return p->cellheight;
}
/**
* Flush data on screen to the LCD.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_flush (Driver *drvthis)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < p->height; i++) {
int offset = i * p->width;
/* Backing-store based implementation:
* Only put it on the screen if it's not already there */
if (memcmp(p->backingstore+offset, p->framebuf+offset, p->width) != 0) {
memcpy(p->backingstore+offset, p->framebuf+offset, p->width);
NoritakeVFD_cursor_goto(drvthis, 1, i+1);
write(p->fd, p->framebuf+offset, p->width);
}
}
}
/**
* Clear the screen.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_clear (Driver *drvthis)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
memset(p->framebuf, ' ', p->width * p->height);
p->ccmode = standard;
}
/**
* Print a character on the screen at position (x,y).
* The upper-left corner is (1,1), the lower-right corner is (p->width, p->height).
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param x Horizontal character position (column).
* \param y Vertical character position (row).
* \param c Character that gets written.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_chr (Driver *drvthis, int x, int y, char c)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
y--;
x--;
if ((x >= 0) && (y >= 0) && (x < p->width) && (y < p->height))
p->framebuf[(y * p->width) + x] = c;
}
/**
* Print a string on the screen at position (x,y).
* The upper-left corner is (1,1), the lower-right corner is (p->width, p->height).
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param x Horizontal character position (column).
* \param y Vertical character position (row).
* \param string String that gets written.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_string (Driver *drvthis, int x, int y, const char string[])
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
int i;
x--;
y--;
if ((y < 0) || (y >= p->height))
return;
for (i = 0; (string[i] != '\0') && (x < p->width); i++, x++) {
if (x >= 0) // no write left of left border
p->framebuf[(y * p->width) + x] = string[i];
}
}
/**
* Draw a vertical bar bottom-up.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param x Horizontal character position (column) of the starting point.
* \param y Vertical character position (row) of the starting point.
* \param len Number of characters that the bar is high at 100%
* \param promille Current height level of the bar in promille.
* \param options Options (currently unused).
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_vbar (Driver *drvthis, int x, int y, int len, int promille, int options)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
int pixels = ((long) 2 * len * p->cellheight) * promille / 2000;
int pos;
static unsigned char half[] =
{ b_______,
b_______,
b_______,
b_______,
b__XXXXX,
b__XXXXX,
b__XXXXX };
if (p->ccmode != vbar) {
if (p->ccmode != standard) {
/* Not supported(yet) */
report(RPT_WARNING, "%s: vbar: cannot combine two modes using user-defined characters",
drvthis->name);
return;
}
p->ccmode = vbar;
/* define half full block at position 1 */
NoritakeVFD_set_char(drvthis, 1, half);
}
for (pos = 0; pos < len; pos++) {
/* if pixels > 2/3 cellheight [in integer arithmetics] ... */
if (3 * pixels >= p->cellheight * 2) {
/* ... write a full block to the screen */
NoritakeVFD_chr(drvthis, x+pos, y, 0xBE);
}
/* if pixels > 1/3 cellheight [in integer arithmetics] ... */
else if (3 * pixels > p->cellheight * 1) {
/* ... write a partial block */
NoritakeVFD_chr(drvthis, x+pos, y, 1);
break;
}
else {
; // write nothing (not even a space)
}
pixels -= p->cellheight;
}
}
/**
* Draw a horizontal bar to the right.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param x Horizontal character position (column) of the starting point.
* \param y Vertical character position (row) of the starting point.
* \param len Number of characters that the bar is long at 100%
* \param promille Current length level of the bar in promille.
* \param options Options (currently unused).
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_hbar (Driver *drvthis, int x, int y, int len, int promille, int options)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
int pixels = ((long) 2 * len * p->cellwidth) * promille / 2000;
int pos;
static unsigned char half[] =
{ b__XX___,
b__XX___,
b__XX___,
b__XX___,
b__XX___,
b__XX___,
b__XX___ };
if (p->ccmode != hbar) {
if (p->ccmode != standard) {
/* Not supported(yet) */
report(RPT_WARNING, "%s: hbar: cannot combine two modes using user-defined characters",
drvthis->name);
return;
}
p->ccmode = hbar;
/* define half full block at position 1 */
NoritakeVFD_set_char(drvthis, 1, half);
}
for (pos = 0; pos < len; pos++) {
/* if pixels > 2/3 cellwidth [in integer arithmetics] ... */
if (3 * pixels >= p->cellwidth * 2) {
/* ... write a full block to the screen */
NoritakeVFD_chr(drvthis, x+pos, y, 0xBE);
}
/* if pixels > 1/3 cellwidth [in integer arithmetics] ... */
else if (3 * pixels > p->cellwidth * 1) {
/* ... write a partial block */
NoritakeVFD_chr(drvthis, x+pos, y, 1);
break;
}
else {
; // write nothing (not even a space)
}
pixels -= p->cellwidth;
}
}
/**
* Write a big number to the screen.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param x Horizontal character position (column).
* \param num Character to write (0 - 10 with 10 representing ':')
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_num(Driver *drvthis, int x, int num)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
int do_init = 0;
if ((num < 0) || (num > 10))
return;
if (p->ccmode != bignum) {
if (p->ccmode != standard) {
/* Not supported (yet) */
report(RPT_WARNING, "%s: num: cannot combine two modes using user-defined characters",
drvthis->name);
return;
}
p->ccmode = bignum;
do_init = 1;
}
// Lib_adv_bignum does everything needed to show the bignumbers.
lib_adv_bignum(drvthis, x, num, 0, do_init);
}
/**
* Place an icon on the screen.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param x Horizontal character position (column).
* \param y Vertical character position (row).
* \param icon synbolic value representing the icon.
* \retval 0 Icon has been successfully defined/written.
* \retval <0 Server core shall define/write the icon.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT int
NoritakeVFD_icon (Driver *drvthis, int x, int y, int icon)
{
//PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
static unsigned char heart_open[] =
{ b_______,
b___X_X_,
b__X_X_X,
b__X___X,
b__X___X,
b___X_X_,
b____X__ };
static unsigned char heart_filled[] =
{ b_______,
b___X_X_,
b__XXXXX,
b__XXXXX,
b__XXXXX,
b___XXX_,
b____X__ };
/* Yes we know, this is a VERY BAD implementation :-) */
switch (icon) {
case ICON_BLOCK_FILLED:
NoritakeVFD_chr(drvthis, x, y, 0xBE);
break;
case ICON_HEART_FILLED:
NoritakeVFD_set_char(drvthis, 0, heart_filled);
NoritakeVFD_chr(drvthis, x, y, 0);
break;
case ICON_HEART_OPEN:
NoritakeVFD_set_char(drvthis, 0, heart_open);
NoritakeVFD_chr(drvthis, x, y, 0);
break;
default:
return -1; /* Let the core do other icons */
}
return 0;
}
/*
* Set cursor position and state.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param x Horizontal cursor position (column).
* \param y Vertical cursor position (row).
* \param state New cursor state.
*/
/*
MODULE_EXPORT void
CFontzPacket_cursor (Driver *drvthis, int x, int y, int state)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
char out[2] = { 0x15 };
// set cursor state
switch (state) {
case CURSOR_OFF: // no cursor
out[0] = 0x16;
break;
case CURSOR_UNDER: // underline cursor
out[0] = 0x14;
break;
case CURSOR_BLOCK: // inverting blinking block
case CURSOR_DEFAULT_ON: // blinking block
default:
out[0] = 0x15;
break;
}
write(p->fd, out, 1);
NoritakeVFD_cursor_goto(x, y);
}
*/
/**
* Get total number of custom characters available.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \return Number of custom characters (always \c NUM_CCs).
*/
MODULE_EXPORT int
NoritakeVFD_get_free_chars (Driver *drvthis)
{
//PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
return NUM_CCs;
}
/**
* Define a custom character and write it to the LCD.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param n Custom character to define [0 - (NUM_CCs-1)].
* \param dat Array of 8(=cellheight) bytes, each representing a pixel row
* starting from the top to bottom.
* The bits in each byte represent the pixels where the LSB
* (least significant bit) is the rightmost pixel in each pixel row.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_set_char (Driver *drvthis, int n, unsigned char *dat)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
char out[9] = { 0x1B, 0x43, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
int i;
if ((n < 0) || (n >= NUM_CCs))
return;
if (dat == NULL)
return;
out[2] = n;
/* mangle the character data bits so that the VFD can chew them ;-) */
for (i = 0; i < 35; i++) {
out[3 + i/8] |= ((dat[i/5] >> (4 - i%5)) & 1) << i%8;
}
write(p->fd, out, 8);
}
/**
* Retrieve brightness.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param state Brightness state (on/off) for which we want the value.
* \return Stored brightness in promille.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT int
NoritakeVFD_get_brightness(Driver *drvthis, int state)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
return (state == BACKLIGHT_ON) ? p->brightness : p->offbrightness;
}
/**
* Set on/off brightness.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param state Brightness state (on/off) for which we want to store the value.
* \param promille New brightness in promille.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_set_brightness(Driver *drvthis, int state, int promille)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
/* Check it */
if (promille < 0 || promille > 1000)
return;
/* store the software value since there is not get */
if (state == BACKLIGHT_ON) {
p->brightness = promille;
}
else {
p->offbrightness = promille;
}
//Noritake_backlight(drvthis, state);
}
/**
* Turn the LCD backlight on or off.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param on New backlight status.
*/
MODULE_EXPORT void
NoritakeVFD_backlight (Driver *drvthis, int on)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
char out[4] = { 0x1B, 0x4C, 0 };
int hardware_value = (on == BACKLIGHT_ON)
? p->brightness
: p->offbrightness;
// Changes screen brightness (0-255; 140 seems good)
/* not sure if the formula is correct:
* What is the allowed range for the brightness value ? */
out[2] = (int) (hardware_value * 255 / 1000);
write(p->fd, out, 3);
}
/**
* Toggle the built-in automatic scrolling feature.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param on New scrolling status.
*/
static void
NoritakeVFD_autoscroll (Driver *drvthis, int on)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
char out[2];
out[0] = (on) ? 0x12 : 0x11;
write(p->fd, out, 1);
}
/**
* Get rid of the blinking cursor.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
*/
static void
NoritakeVFD_hidecursor (Driver *drvthis)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
char out[2] = { 0x16 };
write(p->fd, out, 1);
}
/**
* Reset the display bios.
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
*/
static void
NoritakeVFD_reboot (Driver *drvthis)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
char reset_out[3] = { 0x1B, 0x49 };
char flickerless_out[3] = { 0x1B, 0x53 };
/* reset display */
write(p->fd, reset_out, 2);
/* switch on flickerless write */
write(p->fd, flickerless_out, 2);
}
/**
* Move cursor to position (x,y).
* \param drvthis Pointer to driver structure.
* \param x Horizontal character position (column).
* \param y Vertical character position (row).
*/
static void
NoritakeVFD_cursor_goto(Driver *drvthis, int x, int y)
{
PrivateData *p = drvthis->private_data;
unsigned char out[4] = { 0x1B, 0x48, 0 };
/* set cursor position */
if ((x > 0) && (x <= p->width) && (y > 0) && (y <= p->height))
out[2] = (x-1) * p->width + (y-1);
write(p->fd, out, 3);
}
/* EOF */
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