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SSUUMMMMAARRYY OOFF LLEESSSS CCOOMMMMAANNDDSS
Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, _N.
Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if _N is given.
h H Display this help.
q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit.
e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or _N lines).
y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or _N lines).
f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or _N lines).
b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or _N lines).
z * Forward one window (and set window to _N).
w * Backward one window (and set window to _N).
ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.
d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to _N).
u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to _N).
ESC-( RightArrow * Left 8 character positions (or _N positions).
ESC-) LeftArrow * Right 8 character positions (or _N positions).
F Forward forever; like "tail -f".
r ^R ^L Repaint screen.
R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input.
---------------------------------------------------
Default "window" is the screen height.
Default "half-window" is half of the screen height.
---------------------------------------------------
/_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search forward for (_N-th) matching line.
?_p_a_t_t_e_r_n * Search backward for (_N-th) matching line.
n * Repeat previous search (for _N-th occurrence).
N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction.
ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files.
ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files.
ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting.
---------------------------------------------------
Search patterns may be modified by one or more of:
^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines.
^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE).
^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?).
^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position).
^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS.
---------------------------------------------------
g < ESC-< * Go to first line in file (or line _N).
G > ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line _N).
p % * Go to beginning of file (or _N percent into file).
{ ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ].
} ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [.
ESC-^F _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find close bracket _<_c_2_>.
ESC-^B _<_c_1_> _<_c_2_> * Find open bracket _<_c_1_>
---------------------------------------------------
Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket
matching the (_N-th) open bracket in the top line.
Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket
matching the (_N-th) close bracket in the bottom line.
---------------------------------------------------
m_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Mark the current position with <letter>.
'_<_l_e_t_t_e_r_> Go to a previously marked position.
'' Go to the previous position.
^X^X Same as '.
---------------------------------------------------
A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter.
Certain marks are predefined:
^ means beginning of the file
$ means end of the file
---------------------------------------------------
:e [_f_i_l_e] Examine a new file.
^X^V Same as :e.
:n * Examine the (_N-th) next file from the command line.
:p * Examine the (_N-th) previous file from the command line.
:x * Examine the first (or _N-th) file from the command line.
= ^G :f Print current file name.
V Print version number of "less".
-_<_f_l_a_g_> Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below].
__<_f_l_a_g_> Display the setting of a command line option.
+_c_m_d Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined.
!_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Execute the shell command with $SHELL.
|XX_c_o_m_m_a_n_d Pipe file between current pos & mark XX to shell command.
v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR.
---------------------------------------------------
OOPPTTIIOONNSS
Most options may be changed either on the command line,
or from within less by using the - command.
-? Display help (from command line).
-a Forward search skips current screen.
-b [_N] Number of buffers.
-B Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes.
-c -C Repaint by scrolling/clearing.
-d Dumb terminal.
-e -E Quit at end of file.
-f Force open non-regular files.
-g Highlight only last match for searches.
-G Don't highlight any matches for searches.
-h [_N] Backward scroll limit.
-i Ignore case in searches.
-I Ignore case in searches and in search patterns.
-j [_N] Screen position of target lines.
-k [_f_i_l_e] Use a lesskey file.
-m -M Set prompt style.
-n -N Use line numbers.
-o [_f_i_l_e] Copy to log file (standard input only).
-O [_f_i_l_e] Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite).
-p [_p_a_t_t_e_r_n] Start at pattern (from command line).
-P [_p_r_o_m_p_t] Define new prompt.
-q -Q Quiet the terminal bell.
-r Output "raw" control characters.
-s Squeeze multiple blank lines.
-S Chop long lines.
-t [_t_a_g] Find a tag.
-T [_t_a_g_s_f_i_l_e] Use an alternate tags file.
-u -U Change handling of backspaces.
-V Display the version number of "less".
-w Display ~ for lines after end-of-file.
-x [_N] Set tab stops.
-X Don't use termcap init/deinit strings.
-y [_N] Forward scroll limit.
-z [_N] Set size of window.
---------------------------------------------------
LLIINNEE EEDDIITTIINNGG
These keys can be used to edit text being entered
on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen.
RightArrow ESC-l Move cursor right one character.
LeftArrow ESC-h Move cursor left one character.
CNTL-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w Move cursor right one word.
CNTL-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b Move cursor left one word.
HOME ESC-0 Move cursor to start of line.
END ESC-$ Move cursor to end of line.
BACKSPACE Delete char to left of cursor.
DELETE ESC-x Delete char under cursor.
CNTL-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE Delete word to left of cursor.
CNTL-DELETE ESC-DELETE ESC-X Delete word under cursor.
CNTL-U ESC (MS-DOS only) Delete entire line.
UpArrow ESC-k Retrieve previous command line.
DownArrow ESC-j Retrieve next command line.
TAB Complete filename & cycle.
SHIFT-TAB ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle.
CNTL-L Complete filename, list all.
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