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<TITLE>The Answer Guy 36:
Where to Put New and Supplemental Packages
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<H4>"The Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"</H4>
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<H1><A NAME="answer">
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<font color="#B03060">The Answer Guy</font>
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<H4>By James T. Dennis,
<a href="mailto:answerguy@ssc.com">answerguy@ssc.com</a><BR>
Starshine Technical Services,
<A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
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<!-- begin 4 -->
<H3 align="left"><img src="../../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif" height="50" width="60"
alt="(?) " border="0">
Where to Put New and Supplemental Packages
</H3>
<p><strong>From Lew Pitcher on Tue, 01 Dec 1998
</strong></p>
<!-- ::
Where to Put New and Supplemental Packages
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:: -->
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
>
Hello from the Great White North.
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
A few months ago, I installed the <A HREF="http://www.slackware.org/">Slackware</A> 3.3 distribution on a
second-hand 486 system, and upgraded the kernel to the (then current)
2.0.35 level.
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
I've been slowly accumulating packages (like Smail and iBCS) that I'd
like to put up on this machine, and have a question about the placement
of package installs. Given that I've acquired a system-level package
with source code, where in the file system should I install it?
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
From inspection, it looks like I've got several alternatives...
<TT>/usr/src</TT> looks like the obvious place to start, but <TT>/usr/local</TT>
also looks good. Do the Linux FileSystem Standards specify a place
to put packages? If not, do you have a recommendation in this regard?
</STRONG></P>
<P><STRONG>
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" alt="(!)"
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
>
The Linux FHS (File Hierarchy Standard --- the descendent
of the FSSTND --- filesystem standard) does have guidelines
for system administrators and distribution developers and
maintainers.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I would say that the latter groups (those who produce and
maintain general purpose distributions and packages) should
be strongly encouraged (nigh on required) to follow these
conventions. Sysadmins should be encouraged to follow them
to the degree that makes sense for their site. Home users
can do whatever the heck they like.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
I suggest '<TT>/usr/local/</TT>' for normal freeware packages that
I install from tarball and compile myself. For commercial
packages that are distributed as binaries I recommend
'<TT>/opt</TT>' (which is, in my case, a link to '<TT>/usr/local/opt</TT>').
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
One of my continuing gripes about <A HREF="http://www.redhat.com/">Red Hat</A> and <A HREF="http://www.debian.org/">Debian</A> is
that there is no easy way for me to "partition" my
packages such that all packages installed or updated
after the initial OS/program load (IPL) default to
installation on '<TT>/usr/local</TT>'. This, and the fact that
I sometimes have a perfectly legitimate reason for
concurrently maintaining two or more versions of a given
package are my main gripes about those package management
tools.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
The canonical home of the FHS seems to be:
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<DL><DT>Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
<DD><A HREF="http://www.pathname.com/fhs">http://www.pathname.com/fhs</A>
</DL>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
>
Thanks in advance for the advice.
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" alt="(!)"
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
>
You're welcome.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
>
Lew Pitcher
<br>Joat-in-training
<br><em>If everyone has an angle, why are most of them so obtuse?</em>
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" alt="(!)"
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
>
Shouldn't that be JOAT (jack of all trades)?
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<!-- sig -->
<!-- end 4 -->
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<P> <hr> <P>
<H5 align="center"><a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/ssc.copying.html"
>Copyright ©</a> 1999, James T. Dennis
<BR>Published in <I>The Linux Gazette</I> Issue 36 January 1999</H5>
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