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<TITLE>The Answer Guy 36:
Can't Login in as Root
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<H4>"The Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"</H4>
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<H1><A NAME="answer">
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<font color="#B03060">The Answer Guy</font>
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<H4>By James T. Dennis,
<a href="mailto:answerguy@ssc.com">answerguy@ssc.com</a><BR>
Starshine Technical Services,
<A HREF="http://www.starshine.org/">http://www.starshine.org/</A>
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<H3 align="left"><img src="../../gx/dennis/qbubble.gif" height="50" width="60"
alt="(?) " border="0">
Can't Login in as Root
</H3>
<p><strong>From David Stebbins on Mon, 14 Dec 1998
</strong></p>
<!-- ::
Can't Login in as Root
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
:: -->
<BLOCKQUOTE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><STRONG><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/qbub.gif" ALT="(?)"
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
>
Hey Jim, After reading the letters to you and your responses I feel kind
of silly writting to you with my little problem, but here it is. I am a
very, very new linux 5.2 redhat (Macmillan) user and after installing
the OS and establishing a user account for myself I have not been able
to login as the root user. I type the same exact password that I used
when I set the system up (as the root uesr), but cannot get back in
(...very frustrating). perhaps you have a solution for me? I was logging
in as "<tt>root</tt>" (w/o the " marks) and then just entering my
password. What am I doing wrong? Thanks David
</STRONG></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><IMG SRC="../../gx/dennis/bbub.gif" alt="(!)"
HEIGHT="28" WIDTH="50" BORDER="0"
>
Is this at the console?
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
If not, it's probably just <tt>securetty</tt> (read the man page
in section 5).
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Can you login as a normal user and then use the '<tt>su</tt>'
command to attain '<tt>root</tt>' status?
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
If not then you probably have lost or forgotten the
password or corrupted your <TT>/etc/passwd</TT> file. In those
cases you can boot from a floppy diskette or boot
and issue the '<tt>init=/bin/sh</tt>' LILO option (as I described
last month) to get into the system in single user mode
without requiring any password (requires console access,
obviously).
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Keep in mind that the passwords are case sensitive.
You must remember which letters you typed in [Shift]-ed
mode and in lower case. Also, if you look at you
<TT>/etc/passwd</TT> file you shouldn't seen any blank lines, any
comments, and any "junk" characters (control characters,
etc). Read the <tt>passwd(5)</tt> on any working system to
get the details of proper '<tt>passwd</tt>' file formatting --- or
just copy one from your boot floppy and recreate the
accounts as necessary.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Note, if you create a new passwd file you may create
"orphan" files in this process, as your new account names
might have mismatches to the old numeric UID's and GID's
under which these files were created. The easiest way to
fix that on a small system is to look at the numeric
UID's of the files (any "orphan" file will show up with
a numeric owner during an '<tt>ls -l</tt>' and you can use the
command '<tt>find / -nouser -ls</tt>' to list all of them) ---
then using your personal knowlege of who these files
belong to, set their <TT>/etc/passwd</TT> account to match
those numerics.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Unfortunately the full details of all of this are far
to complicated to describe in detail at this hour (it's
3:00am my time, I just got back from Boston, Massachusetts
from the USENIX/SAGE LISA Conference).
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Once you get your system straightened out, make a
backup copy of your <TT>/etc/passwd</TT> and <TT>/etc/group</TT> files
--- just mount a floppy and copy them to it. That will
make restores <EM>much easier</EM> in the future (even if you
you have a full backup system in place it's often handy
to restore these files before trying the rest of your
restore --- some versions of '<tt>tar</tt>' and '<tt>cpio</tt>' for example
don't restore files under numeric UID's and GID's -- they'll
"quash" the ownership to root.root for all of them!
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
If you really get stuck, call my number (800) 938-4078
to leave voice mail. It would make more sense to
walk you through the recover than to type up every possible
recovery technique in this message.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<!-- sig -->
<!-- end 49 -->
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<P> <hr> <P>
<H5 align="center"><a href="http://www.linuxgazette.com/ssc.copying.html"
>Copyright ©</a> 1999, James T. Dennis
<BR>Published in <I>The Linux Gazette</I> Issue 36 January 1999</H5>
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