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<title>More 2 Cent Tips & Tricks LG #45</title>
</head>

<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#0000AF"
ALINK="#FF0000">
<!--endcut ============================================================-->
<H4>"Linux Gazette...<I>making Linux just a little more fun!</I>"
</H4>
<P> <hr> <P> 

<!-- QUICK TIPS SECTION ==================================================  -->
<center>
<H1><A NAME="tips"><IMG ALIGN=MIDDLE ALT="" SRC="../gx/twocent.gif">
More 2&#162; Tips!</A></H1> <BR>
Send Linux Tips and Tricks to <A HREF="mailto:gazette@ssc.com">
gazette@ssc.com
</A></center>

<p><hr><p>
<H3><font color="#CC0000">New Tips:</font></H3>
<!-- BEGIN xref tips -->
<ul>
	<li> <a HREF="#gmenu">Using gmenu with fvwm2</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#zip_ide">Iomega ATAPI Zip Drive That Cables Up to IDE & Red Hat 6.0</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#signature">A 2c Tip - Funny signature</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#howto">HOWTO searching script</a>
</ul>
<!-- END xref tips -->


<H3><font color="#CC0000">Answers to Mail Bag Questions:</font></H3> 
<!-- BEGIN xref tips.answers -->

<ul>
	<li> <a HREF="#split">Splitting big files</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#format">Formating drives</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#kodak">Kodak Problems</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#installation">Installation problems</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#dns">DNS on the fly</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#ipchains">ipchains</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#gcc">gcc will not work</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#dhcp">DHCP</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#ppp">ppp connection</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#speech">ASCII to speach</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#2GB">2GB Limit in LINUX</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#Win98">Windows 98 inside Linux</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#distros">Distributions</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#word">WORD to Postscript</a>
	<li> <a HREF="#g++">g++ and including files that use templates</a>
</ul>
<!-- END xref tips.answers -->

<!-- BEGIN tips -->
<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="gmenu"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Using gmenu with fvwm2
</FONT> </H3>
Sun, 01 Aug 1999 16:35:00 -0500
<BR>From: Tim Moran &lt;<A HREF="mailto:tmoran@gbonline.com">tmoran@gbonline.com&gt;</A>

<P> I usually use fvwm, but sometimes I like to switch to enlightenment.
The problem was maintaining two sets of menus. So, with a little
tweaking, I now use the gnome menu editor to maintain both.

<P> Enlightenment is simple. The menu.cfg can read gnome's menus with:
<PRE>
BEGIN_NEW_GNOME_MENU("GNOME_USER_SUBMENU", "ROOT", HOME_DIR"/.gnome/apps")
ADD_MENU_TITLE("User Apps")
END_MENU
</PRE>

<P> Fvwm was a bit tricky. I probably am not using the best possible solution,
but it works for me. 

<P> I recompiled wmconfig that comes with RedHat 6.0. In wmconfig.c there
is a section that begins #if HAVE_GNOME. I changed this to read my
~/.gnome/apps directory:
<PRE>
ret = parse_gnome_files("/home/tmoran/.gnome/apps", NULL);
</PRE>

<P> Then I made a little shell script to run wmconfig and clean up
some unneeded files:

<PRE>
#!/bin/sh
wmconfig --output=fvwm2 --no-sysdir --rootmenu="ROOTMENU" > .fmenu
find /home/tmoran -name .order -exec rm -f {} \;
find /home/tmoran -name .directory -exec rm -f {} \;
</PRE>


<P> Finally, my .fvwm2rc contains:

<PRE>
AddToMenu RootMenu	
+			"&amp;Rxvt"		Exec exec rxvt
+			""		Nop
Read /home/tmoran/.fmenu
AddToMenu RootMenu	
+			""		Nop
+			"&amp;Fvwm Modules"	          Popup Module-Popup
+			""		Nop
+                       "Refresh Screen"   Refresh
+			""		Nop
+			"&amp;Exit Fvwm"	Popup Quit-Verify
</PRE>



<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="zip_ide"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">Iomega ATAPI Zip Drive That Cables Up to IDE & Red Hat 6.0
</FONT> </H3>
Tue, 17 Aug 1999 11:15:40 -0700
<BR>From: rbsimon &lt;<A HREF="mailto:rbsimon@earthlink.net">rbsimon@earthlink.net&gt;</A>

<P> A simple way to mount your ATAPI Zip drive is to:
<OL>
	<LI> Create a mount point, e.g. /mnt/zip
	<LI> Install loadable kernel module: 'insmod ide-scsi'
	<LI> Mount the device: 'mount -t msdos /dev/sda4 /mnt/zip'
	<LI> To unmount: 'umount /dev/sda4'
</OL>



<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="signature"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">A 2c Tip - Funny signature
</FONT> </H3>
Wed, 18 Aug 1999 20:58:49 +0200
<BR>From: Csaba Feher &lt;<A HREF="mailto:csfeher@freemail.c3.hu">csfeher@freemail.c3.hu&gt;</A>

<P> Hello guys,

<P> I just make up my mind to write a short shell-script to do some fun.
It is for making funny signatures with 'fortune'. You can use it with your
mailing software that can handle signatures. I tested it with Netscape and Pine,
with a Mandrake Linux distro.

<P> You need:
<OL>
	<LI> the 'fortune' application. I think many of you have it under 
/usr/games/ (Or somewhere else, so you may edit the script if you need to.) If
not, your installation media or a close FTP mirror should have it.
	<LI> an 'sh' compatible shell...
	<LI> the script below. I call it 'sigchange'.
	<LI> a .signature file in your home directory (optional)
</OL>

<PRE>
#!/bin/sh
#
# sigchange
#
# A simple shell script to get your .signature file looking more funny....  
#
# Written by Csaba Feher (csfeher@freemail.c3.hu)
#

<P> # First, if .signature exists, we just remove it, in order to start with an
empty one  
if [ -f $HOME/.signature ]; then
    rm -f $HOME/.signature
fi

<P> #Then, make some good-sounding signature with the help of 'fortune'. 
#The -s option is because of Netscape, it says that the estimated length of the
signature was 4 lines. 
#You may alter the categories to suit your needs. I prefer these two...      
    /usr/games/fortune -s linuxcookie computers &gt; $HOME/.signature 
    S=$(cat $HOME/.signature)

<P> #Take a short look at your basic signature file, 
#which you may want to appear at the end of all newly-made signature.
#Create &amp; edit as you like. But, I suggest to keep it short.   
    O=$(cat $HOME/.signature.basic)

<P> #Now put the whole stuff to the usual place
echo -e "$S\n $O" &gt; $HOME/.signature
</PRE>

<P> Usage:
<OL>
	<LI> Use the script and make it executable for everybody you want to be
able to use.
	<LI> Copy it under /bin or /usr/bin, or wherever you want to. Do not
forget to check your PATH variable, it should include the path to 'sigchange'.
	<LI> Add the following line to your system initialization script:
<PRE>
sigchange
</PRE>
This is /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit for Mandrake or Red Hat; it may be different in
other distributions. You should check and find the script that initializes and
boots up your system. The .signature will change each time you reboot your
Linux box.
	<LI> If you prefer more changes, you can add a line containing this:
<PRE>
sigchange
</PRE>
to /etc/rc.d/rc (Mandrake/Red Hat). It starts 'sigchange' each time the runlevel
changes.
	<LI> make a .signature.basic file in your home directory, or rename your
existing .signature file to it. Edit it to contain a suitable signature you want
to use at the bottom of your mails. I think you should keep it short.

</OL>

<P> Changes are made at the next reboot /runlevel change.

<P> Feel free to use and enjoy it!
Any comments are welcome!

<P> p.s.: my recent signature is made with this method...

<P>-- <BR>
But what can you do with it?  -- ubiquitous cry from Linux-user partner.<BR>
(Submitted by Andy Pearce, ajp@hpopd.pwd.hp.com)<BR>
 
<P> ### Keep on running LINUX! # Csaba Feher # csfeher@freemail.c3.hu ###<BR>




<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="howto"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
<FONT COLOR="navy">HOWTO searching script
</FONT> </H3>
Wed, 25 Aug 1999 11:56:57 -0400 (EDT)
<BR>From: Matt Willis &lt;<A HREF="mailto:matt@optimus.cee.cornell.edu">matt@optimus.cee.cornell.edu&gt;</A>

<P> I find that searching howtos is easier if you use a script. I was
inspired by another program to write a semi-smart howto script. You
use it like:

<PRE>
howto lilo
</PRE>

<P> and it searches for lilo, Lilo, LILO etc in the HOWTO tree, and
then finds LILO. If something is not found, it lists suggestions.

<P> - Matt Willis


<PRE>
#!/bin/csh

# HOWTO Database searcher with limited smarts

setenv HOWTOBASE /usr/doc/HOWTO
setenv HOWTOPATH `find $HOWTOBASE -type d -print`
setenv FOUND 0

setenv NAME1 $1
setenv NAMELC `echo $1 | tr 'A-Z' 'a-z'`
setenv NAMEUC `echo $1 | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z'`
setenv NAMEPC `echo $1 | awk '{print toupper(substr($1,1,1)) substr($1,2)}'`

foreach NAME ($NAME1 $NAMELC $NAMEUC $NAMEPC)
    foreach k ($HOWTOPATH)
        if (-f $k/$NAME-HOWTO) then
            echo $k/$NAME-HOWTO
            less -r $k/$NAME-HOWTO
            setenv FOUND 1; break; break
        else if (-f $k/$NAME) then
            echo $k/$NAME
            less -r $k/$NAME
            setenv FOUND 1; break; break
        else if (-f $k/$NAME-HOWTO.gz) then
            echo $k/$NAME-HOWTO.gz
            gunzip -c $k/$NAME-HOWTO.gz | less -r
            setenv FOUND 1; break; break
        else if (-f $k/$NAME.gz) then
            echo $k/$NAME.gz
            gunzip -c $k/$NAME.gz | less -r
            setenv FOUND 1; break; break
        endif
    end
end

if ($FOUND == 0) then
    echo "Was unable to find '$1' .. possible matches:"
    # use case-insensitive name search (iname)
    setenv MATCH `find $HOWTOBASE -iname ''\*$1\*'' -print`  
    if ("$MATCH" == "") then
        echo "Nothing (sorry)!"
    else
        foreach k ($MATCH)
            echo $k | sed 's/^.*\// /'
        end
    endif
endif
</PRE>

<!-- END tips -->




<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<H4><font color="maroon">
Tips in the following section are answers to questions printed in the Mail
Bag column of previous issues.
</font></H4> 


<!-- BEGIN tips.answers -->

<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="split"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">Splitting big files
</FONT> </H3>
Wed, 04 Aug 1999 13:41:02 +0200
<BR>From: Finn Jespersen &lt;<A HREF="mailto:fje@ficsgrp.com">fje@ficsgrp.com&gt;</A>

Laurent Mulot (Laurent.Mulot@anp.lip6.fr) wrote:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
	I'd like to truncate a 3MB file so that I can put it on floppy disks.
	The file is already compressed. Is there a Linux instruction or a
	software that can do such a thing ? 
</BLOCKQUOTE>

<P> Every Linux comes with the
GNU utilities. One of these is "split" which will do the job. Read man
split or info split.

<P> To split a file into floppy sized files

<PRE>
 	split -b1440k a_whopping_big_file chunk
</PRE>

<P> which produces chunkaaa, chunkaab, chunkaac etc.

<P> Use mcopy to copy to/from floppy. To re-create a_whopping_big_file do

<PRE>
 	cat chunk* &gt; a_whopping_big_file
</PRE>

<P> Hope this helps.<BR>
Finn

<P><STRONG><EM>
Martin Benthues &lt;<A HREF="mailto:na1374@fen.baynet.de">na1374@fen.baynet.de&gt;</A>
suggests:</EM></STRONG>


<P> The required task is rather easy to be achieved if both source and
target system are linux and have GNU tar installed.

<P> Assume floppy drive is a 3.5" drive at /dev/fd0

<P> Copy to disk:
<PRE>
tar -c -f /dev/fd0 -L1440K -M <File-Name>
</PRE>

<P> Copy from disk:
<PRE>
tar -x -f /dev/fd0 -L1440K -M <File-Name>
</PRE>

<P> tar will prompt the user to enter a new disk when ever it made one full.

<P> Note:<BR>
The floppy disks will be overwritten without warning. Any old content is
lost. No useable file system is installed. The disks are treated as a
"tape" containing a set of blocks. For any later use with an operating
system (DOS, Linux) the disks need to be reformatted.

<P> Best regards,<BR>
Martin Benthues


<P><STRONG><EM> Brian &lt;<A HREF="mailto:vocalist@home.com">vocalist@home.com&gt;</A>
says:</EM></STRONG>

<P>   Short explanation:
  If you use the 'split' command, you can split a file up into
chunks. Once onto a floppy, you can transport the file. When you want to
reclaim the files, you can simply copy them back to hard drive and use
'cat' to put them back together.


<P>    Long (full) explanation:
   I have a 292529 byte file named lasg-0-0-9.pdf on my hard drive, and
I want to save it in chunks (or less) so I can put it on floppy for
saving...
   You can see that no chunk is larger than 1K, as specified by the -C1k
option to 'split'. The second option un this example is the name of the
original file, and the third option in this example is the name of the
output file prefix.
  The prefix is followed up by a unique string which ensures that when
concatenated in a sorted order that you get the same file back. I tested
this with the command 

<PRE>
cat lasg-0-0-9.pdg[a-z][a-z]* &gt; tmp.lasg-0-0-9.pdf 
</PRE>

and the resulting file tmp.lasg-0-0-9.pdf was
identical to the original file.



<PRE>
% split -C1k lasg-0-0-9.pdf lasg-0-0-9.pdf
%ls -al 
Total 655
drwxrwxr-x   2 vocalist users        9216 Aug 21 08:53 .
drwxr-xr-x  20 vocalist users        2048 Aug 21 08:50 ..
-rw-rw-r--   1 vocalist users           0 Aug 21 08:53 data
-rw-rw-r--   1 vocalist users      292529 Aug 21 08:50 lasg-0-0-9.pdf
-rw-rw-r--   1 vocalist users         898 Aug 21 08:52 lasg-0-0-9.pdfaa
-rw-rw-r--   1 vocalist users         738 Aug 21 08:52 lasg-0-0-9.pdfab
-rw-rw-r--   1 vocalist users        1024 Aug 21 08:52 lasg-0-0-9.pdfac
-rw-rw-r--   1 vocalist users        1024 Aug 21 08:52 lasg-0-0-9.pdfad
[Lots and lots of lines not shown. -Ed.]
-rw-rw-r--   1 vocalist users        1020 Aug 21 08:52 lasg-0-0-9.pdfno
-rw-rw-r--   1 vocalist users        1000 Aug 21 08:52 lasg-0-0-9.pdfnp
-rw-rw-r--   1 vocalist users         118 Aug 21 08:52 lasg-0-0-9.pdfnq

<P><STRONG><EM> Jimmy O'Regan &lt;<A HREF="mailto:joeregan@tinet.ie">joeregan@tinet.ie&gt;</A>
chimes in:</EM></STRONG>

<P>You can find out more by typing "man split" or "info split".

<P> But in your case you'd probably want to try

<PRE>
$ split -b 1380k your.file your.file.
</PRE>

So it'll split the file "your.file" into files of 1.38m in size (ideal for
floppies), named your.file.aa, your.file.ab and your.file.ac (etc if you use
a different size).

<P> You can rejoin them with
<PRE>
$ cat your.file.aa your.file.ab your.file.ac &amp; your.file
</PRE>

<P> J.


<P><STRONG><EM>Remco Schellekens &lt;<A HREF=mailto:merty@xs4all.nl>merty@xs4all.nl&gt;</A>
suggests:</EM></STRONG>

<P> dd will do the trick.

<P> Use it in the form:

<PRE>
dd if=your-input-file of=first-out-file skip=0 count=2840
dd if=your-input-file of=second-out-file skip=2840 count=2840
dd if=your-input-file of=third-out-file skip=5680 count=2840
</PRE>

...and so on.

<P> Assuming blocksizes are 512 bytes, so the count of 2840 is approx. 1.4 Mb
To get the file back just use cat command:

<PRE>
cat first-out-file &gt; your-file
cat second-out-file &gt;&gt; your-file
</PRE>

... and so on

<P> of course it will be a bit easier if you make a shell script of it.

<P> Thats it.


<P><STRONG><EM>Roland Smith &lt;<A HREF="mailto:rsmith@xs4all.nl">rsmith@xs4all.nl&gt;</A>
also suggests:</EM></STRONG>

<P> 3) Zip the file and use zipsplit to split it into files that will fit
on a floppy.

<P> Hope this helps.


<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="format"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">Formating drives
</FONT> </H3>
Tue, 03 Aug 1999 22:43:10 +0100
<BR>From: Murray Gibbins &lt;<A HREF="mailto:wibble@morpheus.ednet.co.uk">wibble@morpheus.ednet.co.uk&gt;</A>

<P> Hi,

<P> if e.g. your LS120 is on /dev/hdb try

<PRE>
mksf -t ext2 /dev/hdb
</PRE>

<P> or some variant thereof.

<P> Yours<BR>
wibble



<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="kodak"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">Kodak Problems
</FONT> </H3>
Tue, 03 Aug 1999 22:48:24 +0100
<BR>From: Murray Gibbins &lt;<A HREF="mailto:wibble@morpheus.ednet.co.uk">wibble@morpheus.ednet.co.uk&gt;</A>

<P> Investigate using Perl and ImageMagick, it will automate the proccess
and do everything you want.

<P> Yours<BR>
Wibble

<P><STRONG><EM>Zak &lt;<A HREF="mailto:zak@acadia.net">zak@acadia.net&gt;</A>
responds:</EM></STRONG>

<P> I would like to thank each and every person who responded to my question
about using gimp with the subject disk.  The problem was that when I put the
images on the HD (using Mcopy, since the Kodak(c) Picture Disk is a DOS/'doze
thingee), they were upside-down (and I later found *were* left to right), and
that I couldn't figure out how gimp worked.  I use RH 5.1.

<P> One of the replies suggested I try 'xv', so I looked in my RH5.1 manual,
and found on page 6 that it had been replaced.  I checked out my 5.1 CD (I
bought the 'official box') and guess what...it's there!  I tried it and it not
only flipped the images 'rightsideup', but can also flip 'em right-to-left, and
much more.  Now here's the kicker: about two weeks ago I put another roll of
film in and requested the disk when it was processed.  When I got the pix and
disk back, I stuffed the disk into FRED and called up 'xv' so that I could flip
the pix again.

<P> They were all set up correctly on the disk!  I didn't have to do anything
with them.  Do you think maybe someone from Kodak reads <I>Linux Gazette</I>, too?

<P> Zak





<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="installation"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">Installation problems
</FONT> </H3>
Tue, 10 Aug 1999 17:13:27 +0200
<BR>From: Michael Planes &lt;<A HREF="mailto:Michael.Planes@bull.net">Michael.Planes@bull.net&gt;</A>

<P> Hi,
I hope you already had an answer from the net.  Otherwise, I just got last week
the very same problem with a quadri Xeon and 1GB of RAM:

<PRE>
scsi : 0 hosts
scsi : detected total
Partition check
VFS: Cannot open device 08:21
Kernel panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on 08:21
</PRE>

Many reboots later (and many configuration changes) I finally succeeded
when I added an option when booting linux kernel:
<PRE>
   linux mem=128M expert
</PRE>

<P> I checked on the web that other people already had this problem and fixed
it (removing memory, adding boot option, etc...)
It would have been nice if such an information had been clearly available
at RedHat.
I hope it will be.
bye,



<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="dns"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">DNS on the fly
</FONT> </H3>
Tue, 10 Aug 1999 17:13:27 +0200
<BR><BR>From: Jim Bradley -- Maryville, MO USA &lt;<A HREF="mailto:twise@jbradley@msc.net">jbradley@msc.net&gt;</A>

<P> I have my laptop configured to plug into the network of my employer. At
home, I plug my laptop into my home network, and dial out from another
machine setup for dial on demand. Unfortunately, if it takes forever waiting
for the two timeouts when trying to connect to the employer's DNS servers
from home, and if I change the DNS order, it takes just as long for the
timeout error when attempting to connect to my ISP's DNS from my employer's
network. Is there an easy way to change the DNS servers when needed? It's
easy enough to change IP addresses with the ifconfig command, is there a
similar means for changing the DNS? Or, should I just bite the bullet and
setup BIND on the laptop?

<P> My apologies if it doesn't - I've made enough changes to my setup that I
could have automated it myself.  I don't keep multiple copies of
/etc/resolv.conf yet get the correct DNS server.  I know for certain that
DHCP makes the update.

<P> The only change I _remember_ making that's related to this is I generate the
hosts file at bootup, since the only thing I keep in my hosts file is
localhost and the hostname.  Primarily because the long hostname can change
based on which network I'm connected to (or even not connected at all).

<P> Ted

<P><STRONG><EM>C Ted Wise &lt;twise@jamesmartin.com&gt; replies:</EM>
</STRONG>

<P> Your DNS server(s) are defined in the /etc/resolv.conf file.  If you're
using DHCP or PPP, this should be updated automagically with the correct
server.  If you're defining everything by hand, you'll need to modify this
file to reflect the correct DNS server.  Changes to the file may not be
reflected in already running programs (daemons).

<P> If you're not running a DHCP server on your home network, consider one, it
will greatly ease the pain of moving the laptop between locations.

<P><STRONG><EM>The </EM>Linux Gazette<EM> Editor writes to Ted:</EM>
</STRONG>

<P> Since when did Linux PPP start automagically updating the DNS server?
Windows does this, but in my experience Linux does not.  You have to have
several /etc/resolv.conf files, and use a symbolic link to point to the
"current" one.  You can have a shell script that does this and calls pppd.

<P><STRONG><EM>Ted responds:</EM>
</STRONG>

<P> I've been using the KPPP dialer under KDE and that one definitely makes
changes to the /etc/resolv.conf file.  When it makes a connection, it
modifies the file - commenting out the existing lines and adding ones
applicable to the PPP connection.  When you exit the application, it
restores the original file.

<P> From the comments in the file, it looks to be behavior specific to KPPP.
This is where my confusion came in.  My home server is running DNS and masqs
through to the PPP interface so the /etc/resolv.conf file doesn't change
based on the PPP connection.  It's only my laptop that needs this and I was
making the assumption (I know, I know) that KPPP was just a pretty face on
PPPD.

<BLOCKQUOTE><EM>
	[Conclusion: pppd knows nothing about /etc/resolv.conf.  KPPP rewrites
	it on the fly.  DHCP does the Right Thing somehow automatically.
	Any more comments? -Ed.]
</EM></BLOCKQUOTE>

<P><STRONG><EM>
Ernst-Udo Wallenborn &lt;<A HREF="mailto:wall@phys.chem.ethz.ch">wall@phys.chem.ethz.ch&gt;</A>
suggests:</EM></STRONG>

<P> i use the SCHEMES facility of the PCMCIA package to solve a related
problem: how to use a laptop in two LANs with different IP addresses,
different domains, and (naturally) different DNS servers.

<P> Basically you set up a file /etc/pcmcia/network.opts
which contains all network options, esp. something like 

<PRE>
case "$ADDRESS" in
home,*,*,*)
[snip]
    SEARCH="domain.com"
    DNS_1="1.2.3.4"
    DNS_2=""
    DNS_3=""
[snip]
    ;;
work,*,*,*)
[snip]
    SEARCH="work.com"
    DNS_1="5.6.7.8"
    DNS_2=""
    DNS_3=""
[snip]
</PRE>


<P> Then, when booting with lilo you can append SCHEME=home or SCHEME=work,
or better write this into /etc/lilo.conf directly. and type 'home'
or 'work' at the lilo prompt.


<P> The whole procedure is described in detail here:
<A HREF=http://www.suse.de/sdb/en/html/ke_pcmcia-scheme.html>
www.suse.de/sdb/en/html/ke_pcmcia-scheme.html</A>

<P> and the PCMCIA package is available here:
<A HREF=http://hyper.stanford.edu/~dhinds/pcmcia/pcmcia.html>
hyper.stanford.edu/~dhinds/pcmcia/pcmcia.html</A>


<P> hope this helps

<P> -- <BR>
Ernst-Udo Wallenborn<BR>
Laboratorium fuer Physikalische Chemie<BR>
ETH Zuerich


<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="ipchains"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">ipchains
</FONT> </H3>
Tue, 10 Aug 1999 15:19:38 -0600
<BR>From: Warren Young &lt;<A HREF="mailto:tangent@cyberport.com">tangent@cyberport.com&gt;</A>

<P> "Martin L. Ferguson" wrote:
<BLOCKQUOTE>
	I saw your "$0.02 Tip" response in Linux Gazette (copied below), but
	the URL for the "scipts" section was not included.  Could you send it
	to me - I would like to look at a comprehensive ipchains configuration.
	Thanks.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> [snip]

<BLOCKQUOTE>
	<P> From the Gazette:

	<P> I think perhaps you are missing a few important rules, such as
	rules to allow DNS replies. My own script for enabling
	masquerading and firewalling is available at the URL below, in
	the "scripts" section.

</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> The URL my message mentions was in the signature.  It is apparently the
policy of the Linux Gazette to chop signatures from messages, so it
didn't appear in the Gazette.  (I'm Cc'ing this message to the Gazette's
editor, in case they want to fix that page.)

<P> The URL is 
<A HREF=http://www.cyberport.com/~tangent/ix/scripts/>
www.cyberport.com/~tangent/ix/scripts/</A>

<P> The scripts I refer to in my original message are "firewall-enable" and
"firewall-disable".

<BLOCKQUOTE><EM>
	[Added the URL to the previous article.  The directory also contains
	some other scripts to tar a directory, replace tabs with spaces,
	do a hex dump, etc. And yes, I do chop off signatures. :)  -Ed.]
</EM></BLOCKQUOTE>



<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="gcc"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">gcc will not work
</FONT> </H3>
Fri, 13 Aug 1999 00:25:55 +0200 (CEST)
<BR>From: Roland Smith &lt;<A HREF="mailto:rsmith@xs4all.nl">rsmith@xs4all.nl&gt;</A>

<P> Hi,

<P> I saw your e-mail in the Mailbag section in the Linux Gazette.

<P> I think you have not installed the binutils package. This contains some
programs that gcc needs to make executables out of a bunch of object
files.

<P> Hope this helps.<BR>




<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="dhcp"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">DHCP
</FONT> </H3>
Fri, 13 Aug 1999 00:33:38 +0200 (CEST)
<BR>From:  Roland Smith &lt;<A HREF="mailto:rsmith@xs4all.nl">rsmith@xs4all.nl&gt;</A>

<P> Concerning your question of adding a Linux workstation to a network
that uses DHCP:

<P> You probably have a mini-HOWTO available (if you have installed them,
which is wise): /usr/doc/HOWTO/mini/DHCPcd.gz 

<P> You'll need the DHCP client. Check if it is available in your
distribution, or get it at ftp.kobe-u.ac.jp from the directory
/pub/PC-UNIX/Linux/network/dhcp

<P> If you're using Red Hat you can use the control-panel to set up eth0
for DHCP.

<P> Hope this helps!




<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="ppp"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">ppp connection
</FONT> </H3>
Fri, 13 Aug 1999 00:43:42 +0200 (CEST)
<BR>From: Roland Smith &lt;<A HREF="mailto:rsmith@xs4all.nl">rsmith@xs4all.nl&gt;</A>

<P> You wrote:

<BLOCKQUOTE>
	I have an interesting problem. I have configured ezppp, kppp, and
	gnome-ppp to connect to my mindspring account, and all three seem to be
	doing so just fine. However, when I startup netscape or any other
	internet application, I can't access the internet. It just sits there
	trying to lookup the host.  No error message. No nothing. I am
	completely stumped. Any help would be appreciated. 
</BLOCKQUOTE>

<P> Some things you could look at:

<OL>
	<LI> Do you actually make a connection with ppp before starting
netscape?  You'll need additional software if you want to be able to dial in
automagically every time you try to reach the internet.
	<LI> Have you added your ISP's name-server to /etc/resolv.conf?
	<LI> he /etc/host.conf file configured correctly? It should consist
of these two lines:
<PRE>
order hosts,bind
multi on
</PRE>
</OL>

<P> Hope this helps!




<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="speech"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">ASCII to speach
</FONT> </H3>
Fri, 13 Aug 1999 01:34:06 +0200 (CEST)
<BR>From: Roland Smith &lt;<A HREF="mailto:rsmith@xs4all.nl">rsmith@xs4all.nl&gt;</A>

<BLOCKQUOTE>
	<P> From your mail in the Linux gazette it is not clear what you're looking
</BLOCKQUOTE>
for.

<P> Your subject line says you're looking for ascii to speech conversion.
For that you could try "rsynth" or "festival". (look at freshmeat.net
for URL's)

<P> Voice recognition software for Linux is something else altogether. I
think IBM has released some software for this.

<BLOCKQUOTE><EM>
	[Thanks, Roland, for all your answers. -Ed]
</EM></BLOCKQUOTE>

<P><STRONG><EM> Jimmy O'Regan &lt;<A HREF="mailto:joeregan@tinet.ie">joeregan@tinet.ie&gt;</A>
adds:</EM></STRONG>


<P> ASCII to speech and speech recognition are complete opposites, but you
can find most software available for Linux for either purpose at the
BLINUX site - http://leb.net/blinux/ or at http://leb.net/pub/blinux

<P> J.



<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="2GB"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">2GB Limit in LINUX
</FONT> </H3>
Thu, 19 Aug 1999 16:08:23 -0700
<BR>From: Greg Morse &lt;<A HREF="mailto:greg_morse@bctel.com">greg_morse@bctel.com&gt;</A>

<P> This limit does not apply even if the BIOS does not support the large
drive.
I recently added an 8GB drive to an old Compaq prolinea 133. the DOS
fdisk could see the drive but not use it. Linux (RH6.0) however happily
created an 8GB filesystem on the drive. 

<P> JGM

<P><STRONG><EM>Niels Elgaard Larsen &lt;<A HREF="mailto:elgaard@diku.dk">elgaard@diku.dk&gt;</A>
writes:</EM></STRONG>

1. It is _not_ down to the BIOS. You can just give the geometry as arguments
to 'fdisk'

2. Do not trust the information from the maker of the disk. I installed a 10
GB IBM disk. The geometry printed on the disk and shown on IBM's web-side was
identical to the geometry of their 8GB disk. I think they rely on special software to make it
work on Windows.
I assumed sectors and # of heads were correct and computed # of cylinders from 
the capacity and fed it to cfdisk. It works.


<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="Win98"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">Windows 98 inside Linux
</FONT> </H3>
Sat, 21 Aug 1999 08:39:45 -0400
<BR>From: Brian &lt;<A HREF="mailto:vocalist@home.com">vocalist@home.com&gt;</A>


<P>   Dear Markus,

<P>   If you'll visit www.vmware.com, you'll see their product VMWare -
written up in the July 1999 issue of 
<I><A HREF=http://www.linuxjournal.com/lj-issues/issue63/3458.html>
Linux Journal</A></I>, or for subscribers
<A HREF=http://interactive.linuxjournal.com/Magazines/LJ63/>
interactive.linuxjournal.com</A>).

<P>   VMWare will allow you to run a number of different Virtual Machines on
top of your Linux box. See the web page for the details. Oh - the price
is $299, I'm considering it so that I can test Java on a Windows
platform without actually having Windoze in control of my hardware. :)






<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="distros"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">Distributions
</FONT> </H3>
Wed, 25 Aug 1999 01:18:59 -0400
<BR>From: Steve Wolfe &lt;<A HREF="mailto:swolfe@InfoAve.Net">swolfe@InfoAve.Net&gt;</A>

<P> Someone more knowledgeable than I could probably tell you the exact
differences between Suse and Red Hat. There is more activity on Red Hat.

<P> A more important question  is, "What Distribution are people around you
using?"

<P> Unix/Linux is not too hard to learn - but it is different than windows.
Try to find a User's group and/or computer store that has Linux around
and then you can see it and talk to people.  I liked the book "Life with
Unix" to give a good grounding on what to expect.  The O'Reilly books
are invaluable.  I also like the printed collections of the Linux
Documentation project containing the System's Administrator's Guide and
the Network Administrators Guide and the How-tos.

<P> I used to the idea of a dual boot system - so you can use either Linux
or Win xx, but not at the same time.  This works for a while.  The
drawback is that you cannot use both at the same time.  The best order
of events (briefly) is 1) partition, 2) install Winxx 3) install Linux
and Lilo.

<P> Two machines are better yet. With a small LAN you can then telnet or use
an X-windowing program to use both machines - This is what I do now.
Several X-server programs exist for Windows.  Hummingbird's Exceed,
Reflection's X-windows suite,  and StarNet's (x-win32) are three good
ones and I have used all three.

<P> I have heard some use of  virtual machines (vmware makes one) in which
you can use two operating systems at the same time on the same machine -
but I have not tried it.

<P> After reading the documentation  you can mount a FAT partition from
Linux and use it as a way to transfer data back and forth between
machines.  If you have two machines the network takes care of the file
transfers.  Remember that a Unix/Linux text file has only linefeeds and
a PC-DOS text file has Carriage return and Linefeed.

<P> -Cheers,<BR>
Steve Wolfe




<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="word"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">WORD to Postscript
</FONT> </H3>
Thu, 01 Jul 1999 14:14:54 -0400
<BR>From: Reno Derosier &lt;<A HREF="mailto:renod@capecod.net">renod@capecod.net&gt;</A>

<P> In regards to the .prn file you might try downloading Adobe's Postscript
drivers for windows at
<A HREF=http://www.adobe.com/prodindex/printerdrivers/main.html>
www.adobe.com/prodindex/printerdrivers/main.html</A>.

<P> Reno Derosier


<P> <hr> <P> 
<!--================================================================-->
<a name="g++"></a>
<H3><IMG ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="../gx/lil2cent.gif">
ANSWER: <FONT COLOR="navy">g++ and including files that use templates
</FONT> </H3>
Wed, 4 Aug 1999 00:13:59 -0700 (MST)
<BR>From: Rachael A. Ludwick &lt;<A HREF="mailto:raludwic@U.Arizona.EDU">raludwic@U.Arizona.EDU&gt;</A>


jac &lt;<A HREF=mailto:jac@speedcom.es>jac@speedcom.es</A>&gt; writes: 
<BLOCKQUOTE>
	Hello, my question is about the g++ compiler.I want to know if is able
	to link files that use templates and then aren't included in the main
	program (they are in different files, and only the header files are in
	the main program). I have try as: 

	<PRE>
         gcc main.cxx libro.cxx
        * main: #incude "libro.h"...
        * libro.cxx: #include "libro.h"...
	</PRE>

	But the compiler of Red Hat 6.0 gives me an error. Could you help me?
	Thanks. 

	<P> Juan J.Alejandro (jac@speedcom.es) Girona (Spain) 
</BLOCKQUOTE>
------------------------------------------------------------------------

<P> I'm not sure if this will help, but here goes...

<P> An annoying thing about C++ is that templated classes require that both
the declaration and the implementation be in the same file.  Instead of
actually putting both in one file, often the header file will have the
line:

<PRE>
#include "class.cc"  // or whatever the implementaion file is called
</PRE>

 near the end of the file (after the declaration of the class).  In this
case though, the implementation usually goes in a file called
"class.template" and #include "class.template" will be put in "class.h"
somewhere near the end of the file (after the complete declaration of the
file).

<P> Also, don't forget to guard your class from multiple include-ing by
putting something like this as the first two lines:

<PRE>
#ifndef MYCLASS_H
#define MYCLASS_H
</PRE>

and something like this as the last line:

<PRE>
#endif // MYCLASS_H
</PRE>

<P> Anyway, if you have the implementation and declaration in separate files,
and you don't have this yet, than this may be your problem.  Assuming this
will fix your problem and you have a "main.cc" and templated "class.h" and 
"class.cc", you should be able to compile with:

<PRE>
g++ -I. main.cc
</PRE>

<P> (of course assuming main.cc has #include "class.h").

<P> Tell me if this helps...

<P> Rachael Ludwick

<P> --<BR>
raludwic@u.arizona.edu<BR>
http://www.u.arizona.edu/~raludwic<BR>

<P> "Go Ye Lemmings into the World and Propagate!"<BR>





<!-- END tips.answers -->


<!--===================================================================-->
<P> <hr> <P> 
<H5 ALIGN=center>
This page written and maintained by the Editor of <I>Linux Gazette</I>,
<A HREF=mailto:gazette@ssc.com>gazette@ssc.com</A><BR>

Copyright &copy; 1999, Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. <BR> 
Published in Issue 45 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, September 1999</H5>


<!--===================================================================-->
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<center><H5>Copyright &copy; 1999, AuthorName <BR> 
Published in Issue 45 of <i>Linux Gazette</i>, September 1999</H5></center>

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