1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
|
<html>
<head>
<title>mod_ssl: Glossary</title>
<!--
Copyright (c) 1998-2001 Ralf S. Engelschall. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
provided with the distribution.
3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this
software must display the following acknowledgment:
"This product includes software developed by
Ralf S. Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com> for use in the
mod_ssl project (http://www.modssl.org/)."
4. The name "mod_ssl" must not be used to endorse or promote
products derived from this software without prior written
permission.
5. Redistributions of any form whatsoever must retain the
following acknowledgment:
"This product includes software developed by
Ralf S. Engelschall <rse@engelschall.com> for use in the
mod_ssl project (http://www.modssl.org/)."
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY RALF S. ENGELSCHALL ``AS IS'' AND ANY
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL RALF S. ENGELSCHALL OR
HIS CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-->
<style type="text/css"><!--
A:link {
text-decoration: none;
color: #6666cc;
}
A:active {
text-decoration: none;
color: #6666cc;
}
A:visited {
text-decoration: none;
color: #6666cc;
}
#sf {
font-family: arial,helvetica;
font-variant: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
H1 {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 24pt;
line-height: 24pt;
font-family: arial,helvetica;
font-variant: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
H2 {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 18pt;
line-height: 18pt;
font-family: arial,helvetica;
font-variant: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
H3 {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 14pt;
line-height: 14pt;
font-family: arial,helvetica;
font-variant: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
H4 {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 12pt;
line-height: 12pt;
font-family: arial,helvetica;
font-variant: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
#H {
}
#D {
background-color: #f0f0f0;
}
#faq {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 16pt;
line-height: 16pt;
font-family: arial,helvetica;
font-variant: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
#howto {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 16pt;
line-height: 16pt;
font-family: arial,helvetica;
font-variant: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
#term {
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 16pt;
line-height: 16pt;
font-family: arial,helvetica;
font-variant: normal;
font-style: normal;
}
--></style>
<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
<!-- Hiding the code
function ro_imgNormal(imgName) {
if (document.images) {
document[imgName].src = eval(imgName + '_n.src');
self.status = '';
}
}
function ro_imgOver(imgName, descript) {
if (document.images) {
document[imgName].src = eval(imgName + '_o.src');
self.status = descript;
}
}
// done hiding -->
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
<!-- Hiding the code
if (document.images) {
ro_img_prev_top_n = new Image();
ro_img_prev_top_n.src = 'ssl_template.navbut-prev-n.gif';
ro_img_prev_top_o = new Image();
ro_img_prev_top_o.src = 'ssl_template.navbut-prev-s.gif';
}
// done hiding -->
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
<!-- Hiding the code
if (document.images) {
ro_img_prev_bot_n = new Image();
ro_img_prev_bot_n.src = 'ssl_template.navbut-prev-n.gif';
ro_img_prev_bot_o = new Image();
ro_img_prev_bot_o.src = 'ssl_template.navbut-prev-s.gif';
}
// done hiding -->
</script>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#333399" alink="#9999ff" vlink="#000066">
<div align="center">
<table width="600" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-transp.gif" alt="" width="600" height="1" align="bottom" border="0"><br>
<table width="600" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<table width="600" summary="">
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="bottom">
<font face="Arial,Helvetica" size="+2"><b>mod_ssl</b></font>
</td>
<td align="right">
<img src="ssl_template.head-chapter.gif" alt="Chapter" width="175" height="94"> <img src="ssl_template.head-num-7.gif" alt="7" width="74" height="89">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-000000.gif" alt="" width="600" height="2" align="bottom" border="0"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table width="600" border="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" width="250">
<a href="ssl_faq.html" onmouseover="ro_imgOver('ro_img_prev_top', 'previous page'); return true" onmouseout="ro_imgNormal('ro_img_prev_top'); return true" onfocus="ro_imgOver('ro_img_prev_top', 'previous page'); return true" onblur="ro_imgNormal('ro_img_prev_top'); return true"><img name="ro_img_prev_top" src="ssl_template.navbut-prev-n.gif" alt="previous page" width="70" height="18" border="0"></a><br><font color="#000000">F.A.Q. List</font>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" width="250">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<br>
<img src="ssl_template.title-gloss.gif" alt="Glossary" width="456" height="60">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div align="right">
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="300" summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<em>
``I know you believe you understand what you think I said, but I am not sure you
realize that what you heard is not what I meant.''
</em>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="right">
<font size="-1">
Richard Nixon
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<dl>
<dt><div id="term">Authentication</div>
<dd>The positive identification of a network entity such as a server, a
client, or a user. In SSL context the server and client
<em>Certificate</em> verification process.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Access Control</div>
<dd>The restriction of access to network realms. In Apache context
usually the restriction of access to certain <em>URLs</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Algorithm</div>
<dd>An unambiguous formula or set of rules for solving a problem in a finite
number of steps. Algorithms for encryption are usually called <em>Ciphers</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Certificate</div>
<dd>A data record used for authenticating network entities such
as a server or a client. A certificate contains X.509 information pieces
about its owner (called the subject) and the signing <em>Certificate
Authority</em> (called the issuer), plus the owner's public key and the
signature made by the CA. Network entities verify these signatures using
CA certificates.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Certification Authority (CA)</div>
<dd>A trusted third party whose purpose is to sign certificates for network
entities it has authenticated using secure means. Other network entities
can check the signature to verify that a CA has authenticated the bearer
of a certificate.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Certificate Signing Request (CSR)</div>
<dd>An unsigned certificate for submission to a <em>Certification Authority</em>,
which signs it with the <em>Private Key</em> of their CA <em>Certificate</em>. Once
the CSR is signed, it becomes a real certificate.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Cipher</div>
<dd>An algorithm or system for data encryption. Examples are DES, IDEA, RC4, etc.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Ciphertext</div>
<dd>The result after a <em>Plaintext</em> passed a <em>Cipher</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Configuration Directive</div>
<dd>A configuration command that controls one or more aspects of a program's
behavior. In Apache context these are all the command names in the first
column of the configuration files.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">CONNECT</div>
<dd>A HTTP command for proxying raw data channels over HTTP. It can be used to
encapsulate other protocols, such as the SSL protocol.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Digital Signature</div>
<dd>An encrypted text block that validates a certificate or other file. A
<em>Certification Authority</em> creates a signature by generating a
hash of the <em>Public Key</em> embedded in a <em>Certificate</em>, then
encrypting the hash with its own <em>Private Key</em>. Only the CA's
public key can decrypt the signature, verifying that the CA has
authenticated the network entity that owns the <em>Certificate</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Export-Crippled</div>
<dd>Diminished in cryptographic strength (and security) in order to comply
with the United States' Export Administration Regulations (EAR).
Export-crippled cryptographic software is limited to a small key size,
resulting in <em>Ciphertext</em> which usually can be decrypted by brute
force.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Fully-Qualified Domain-Name (FQDN)</div>
<dd>The unique name of a network entity, consisting of a hostname and a domain
name that can resolve to an IP address. For example, <code>www</code> is a
hostname, <code>whatever.com</code> is a domain name, and
<code>www.whatever.com</code> is a fully-qualified domain name.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)</div>
<dd>The HyperText Transport Protocol is the standard transmission protocol used
on the World Wide Web.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">HTTPS</div>
<dd>The HyperText Transport Protocol (Secure), the standard encrypted
communication mechanism on the World Wide Web. This is actually just HTTP
over SSL.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Message Digest</div>
<dd>A hash of a message, which can be used to verify that the contents of
the message have not been altered in transit.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">OpenSSL</div>
<dd>The Open Source toolkit for SSL/TLS;
see <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">http://www.openssl.org/</a>
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Pass Phrase</div>
<dd>The word or phrase that protects private key files.
It prevents unauthorized users from encrypting them. Usually it's just
the secret encryption/decryption key used for <em>Ciphers</em>.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Plaintext</div>
<dd>The unencrypted text.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Private Key</div>
<dd>The secret key in a <em>Public Key Cryptography</em> system, used to
decrypt incoming messages and sign outgoing ones.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Public Key</div>
<dd>The publically available key in a <em>Public Key Cryptography</em> system, used to
encrypt messages bound for its owner and to decrypt signatures made by its
owner.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Public Key Cryptography</div>
<dd>The study and application of asymmetric encryption systems, which use one
key for encryption and another for decryption. A corresponding pair of
such keys constitutes a key pair. Also called Asymmetric Crypography.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)</div>
<dd>A protocol created by Netscape Communications Corporation for
general communication authentication and encryption over TCP/IP networks.
The most popular usage is <em>HTTPS</em>, i.e. the HyperText Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) over SSL.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Session</div>
<dd>The context information of an SSL communication.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">SSLeay</div>
<dd>The original SSL/TLS implementation library developed by
Eric A. Young <eay@aus.rsa.com>;
see <a href="http://www.ssleay.org/">http://www.ssleay.org/</a>
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Symmetric Cryptography</div>
<dd>The study and application of <em>Ciphers</em> that use a single secret key
for both encryption and decryption operations.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Transport Layer Security (TLS)</div>
<dd>The successor protocol to SSL, created by the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) for general communication authentication and encryption over
TCP/IP networks. TLS version 1 and is nearly identical with SSL version 3.
<p>
<dt><div id="term">Uniform Resource Locator (URL)</div>
<dd>The formal identifier to locate various resources on the World Wide Web.
The most popular URL scheme is <code>http</code>. SSL uses the
scheme <code>https</code>
<p>
<dt><div id="term">X.509</div>
<dd>An authentication certificate scheme recommended by the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) which is used for SSL/TLS authentication.
</dl>
<p>
<br>
<table summary="">
<tr>
<td>
<table width="600" border="0" summary="">
<tr>
<td valign="top" align="left" width="250">
<a href="ssl_faq.html" onmouseover="ro_imgOver('ro_img_prev_bot', 'previous page'); return true" onmouseout="ro_imgNormal('ro_img_prev_bot'); return true" onfocus="ro_imgOver('ro_img_prev_bot', 'previous page'); return true" onblur="ro_imgNormal('ro_img_prev_bot'); return true"><img name="ro_img_prev_bot" src="ssl_template.navbut-prev-n.gif" alt="previous page" width="70" height="18" border="0"></a><br><font color="#000000">F.A.Q. List</font>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="right" width="250">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src="ssl_template.imgdot-1x1-000000.gif" alt="" width="600" height="2" align="bottom" border="0"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><table width="598" summary="">
<tr>
<td align="left"><font face="Arial,Helvetica">
<a href="http://www.modssl.org/">mod_ssl</a> 2.8, User Manual<br>
The Apache Interface to OpenSSL
</font>
</td>
<td align="right"><font face="Arial,Helvetica">
Copyright © 1998-2001
<a href="http://www.engelschall.com/">Ralf S. Engelschall</a><br>
All Rights Reserved<br>
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|
