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$Id: NOTES 240 2004-01-12 17:30:09Z sam $
o Colour does not work with all backends and all terminals. I tested
many terminal emulators and tried to summarise which combinations
worked properly and which ones did not.
From termcap(5):
set_a_background setab AB Set background
color to #1, using
ANSI escape
set_a_foreground setaf AF Set foreground
color to #1, using
ANSI escape
From the xterm terminfo:
setab=\E[4%p1%dm, setaf=\E[3%p1%dm
From the xterm-16color terminfo:
(http://www.sct.gu.edu.au/~anthony/info/X/Xterm_xf86.terminfo)
setab=\E[%?%p1%{8}%<%t%p1%{40}%+%e%p1%{92}%+%;%dm,
setaf=\E[%?%p1%{8}%<%t%p1%{30}%+%e%p1%{82}%+%;%dm,
These values can be simply retrieved with a tigetstr() call.
o I tested the following terminals:
name $TERM $COLORTERM
------------------------------------------
Linux console linux
pterm xterm
aterm xterm rxvt-xpm
wterm xterm wterm-xpm
Eterm xterm Eterm
xterm xterm
gnome-terminal xterm
konsole xterm
mlterm mlterm
uxterm xterm
o In most terminals, \e[3xm and \[4xm respectively set the foreground
and background colours. x is a colour between 0 and 7 or the value
9 for default colour (may be transparent).
\e[0m sets everything to normal, \e[1m sets bold, \e[5m sets blink
and \e[7m sets inverse video.
In ncurses, only 64 colour pairs are created, and A_BOLD (\e[1m) and
A_BLINK (\e[5m) are used for foreground/background colour highlighting,
hence creating 256 possible colour pairs.
Different tests of blue on yellow:
for invert in '' '\e[7m'; do
for blink in '' '\e[5m'; do
for bold in '' '\e[1m'; do
echo -ne "$bold$blink$invert"'\e[33m\e[44m'hop'\e[0m '
echo "($bold$blink$invert)"
done
done
done
Successfully works on:
+ Linux console
+ pterm
+ Eterm
+ aterm, wterm, rxvt
Almost works on:
+ xterm (bright bg only works when fg is bright and then inverted,
but then fg is not bright)
Fails on:
+ mlterm (no bright colours, neither fg nor bg)
+ gnome-terminal (no bright bg)
+ konsole (no bright bg, $blink really blinks)
o In an XTerm-compatible terminal, \e[9xm sets bright foreground
and \e[10xm bright background colours. Documentation on this can be
found at http://ftp.xfree86.org/pub/XFree86/4.2.1/doc/ctlseqs.TXT .
Unfortunately all terminals don't support these escape sequences. Here
is a testcase:
for fgpre in 3 9; do for fg in 0 4 2 6 1 5 3 7; do
for bgpre in 4 10; do
echo -ne '\e['$fgpre$fg'm'
for bg in 0 4 2 6 1 5 3 7; do echo -ne '\e['$bgpre$bg'm# '; done
echo -ne '\e[0m '
done
echo ''
done; echo ''; done
Successfully tested on:
+ gnome-terminal
+ konsole
+ xterm
+ pterm
Failed (\e[9x and \e[10x don't do anything) on:
+ Eterm
+ aterm, wterm, rxvt
+ mlterm
+ Linux console
o How to draw bright colours on any terminal?
'\e[93;104m' -> bright yellow on bright blue
doesn't work on mlterm, gnome-terminal, konsole
'\e[5;1;33;44m' -> bright yellow on bright blue
doesn't work on mlterm, aterm/wterm/rxvt, Eterm, console
'\e[5;1;33;44;93;104m' -> bright yellow on bright blue
works on gnome-terminal, xterm, pterm, aterm/wterm/rxvt, console
doesn't work on konsole
o S-Lang:
256 character pairs are definable, but only 128 can be used. This is
because slsmg.c's This_Color variable uses its 8th bit to indicate an
alternate character set. Replacing a few 0x7F with 0xFF in sldisply.c
works around the problem but gets rid of the alternate charset.
We can work around this problem. See this usage grid:
bg 1 1 1 1 1 1
fg 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 (black) C C C C C C F B c c c c c c F
1 (blue) A h D h D i f C C h E h E k g
2 (green) A h D h i D f C h C E h k E g
3 (cyan) A D D i h h f C E E C k h h g
4 (red) A h h i D D f C h h k C E E g
5 (magenta) A D i h D h f C E k h E C h g
6 (brown) A i D h D h f C k E h E h C g
7 (light gray) A F a a a a a B C C C C C C B
8 (dark gray) A C C C C C C B d d d d d d F
9 (light blue) A C h E h E j C e h D h D l C
10 (light green) A h C E h j E C e h D h l D C
11 (light cyan) A E E C j h h C e D D l h h C
12 (light red) A h h j C E E C e h h l D D C
13 (light magenta) A E j h E C h C e D l h D h C
14 (yellow) A j E h E h C C e l D h D h C
15 (white) A F b b b b b B F C C C C C C
' ': useless colour pairs that can be emulated by printing a space in
any other colour pair that has the same background
'A': black background colour pairs that are needed for the old renderer
'B': gray combinations used for grayscale dithering
'C': white/light, light/dark, lightgray/light, darkgray/dark, dark/black
combinations often used for saturation/value dithering (the two
other possible combinations, lightgray/dark and darkgray/light, are
not considered here)
'D': next colour combinations for hue dithering (magenta/blue, blue/green
and so on)
'E': next colour combinations for hue/value dithering (blue/lightgreen,
green/lightblue and so on)
'F': black on light gray, black on white, white on dark gray, dark gray
on white, white on blue, light gray on blue (chosen arbitrarily)
'A': 15 colour pairs
'A'+'B': 20 colour pairs
'A'+'B'+'C': 74 colour pairs
'A'+'B'+'C'+'D': 98 colour pairs
'A'+'B'+'C'+'D'+'E': 122 colour pairs
'A'+'B'+'C'+'D'+'E'+'F': 128 colour pairs
The remaining slightly important colour pairs are:
'a': light gray on dark colour: emulate with light colour on dark colour
'b': white on dark colour: emulate with light gray on light colour
'c': black on light colour: emulate with dark gray on dark colour
'd': dark gray on light colour: emulate with dark colour on light colour
'e': light colour on dark gray: emulate with dark colour on dark gray
'f': dark colour on light gray: emulate with light colour on light gray
'g': dark colour on white: emulate with light colour on white
And now the seldom used pairs:
'h': 120 degree hue pairs can be emulated as well; for instance blue on
red can be emulated using magenta on red, and blue on green using
cyan on green
And the almost never used pairs:
'i': dark opposite on dark: emulate with dark opposite on black
'j': light opposite on dark: emulate with light opposite on black
'k': dark opposite on light: emulate with black on dark
'l': light opposite on light: emulate with white on light
o MS-DOS: all bright colours, bright backgrounds, and bright combinations
work using <conio.h>. No need to kludge anything.
o Win32: we use GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo etc. There is an interesting
tutorial here: http://www.adrianxw.dk/SoftwareSite/index.html
o Set terminal window title:
http://mail.gnome.org/archives/mc-devel/2003-January/msg00101.html
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