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<HEAD>
<TITLE>DBIx::XMLMessage - XML Message exchange between DBI data sources</TITLE>
<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:">
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<!-- INDEX BEGIN -->
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#NAME">NAME</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#OUTBOUND_MESSAGE">OUTBOUND MESSAGE</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#INBOUND_MESSAGE">INBOUND MESSAGE</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#SALES_PITCH">SALES PITCH</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#TEMPLATE_TAGS">TEMPLATE TAGS</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#TEMPLATE">TEMPLATE</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#REFERENCE">REFERENCE</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#CHILD">CHILD</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#COLUMN">COLUMN</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#KEY">KEY</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#PARAMETER">PARAMETER</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#TEMPLATE_TAG_ATTRIBUTES">TEMPLATE TAG ATTRIBUTES</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#NAME">NAME</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#ACTION">ACTION</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#BLTIN">BLTIN</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#CARDINALITY">CARDINALITY</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#DATATYPE">DATATYPE</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#DEBUG">DEBUG</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#DEFAULT">DEFAULT</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#EXPR">EXPR</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#FACE">FACE</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#GENERATE_PK">GENERATE_PK</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#HIDDEN">HIDDEN</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#MAXROWS">MAXROWS</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#PARENT_NAME">PARENT_NAME</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#PROC">PROC</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#RTRIMTEXT">RTRIMTEXT</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#TABLE">TABLE</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#TOLERANCE">TOLERANCE</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#WHERE_CLAUSE">WHERE_CLAUSE</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#METHODS">METHODS</A></LI>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="#new">new</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#set_handlers">set_handlers</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#prepare_template">prepare_template</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#prepare_template_from_file">prepare_template_from_file</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#input_xml">input_xml</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#input_xml_file">input_xml_file</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#populate_objects">populate_objects</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#rexec">rexec</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#output_message">output_message</A></LI>
</UL>
<LI><A HREF="#SEE_ALSO">SEE ALSO</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="#AUTHORS">AUTHORS</A></LI>
</UL>
<!-- INDEX END -->
<HR>
<P>
<H1><A NAME="NAME">NAME</A></H1>
<P>
DBIx::XMLMessage - XML Message exchange between DBI data sources
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</A></H1>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="OUTBOUND_MESSAGE">OUTBOUND MESSAGE</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> #!/usr/bin/perl
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE> use DBI;
use DBIx::XMLMessage;
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE> # Template string
my $tpl_str =<< "_EOT_";
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<TEMPLATE NAME='SysLogins' TYPE='XML' VERSION='1.0' TABLE='syslogins'>
<KEY NAME='suid' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' PARENT_NAME='OBJECT_ID' />
<COLUMN NAME='LoginId' EXPR='suid' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' />
<COLUMN NAME='PasswordDate' EXPR='pwdate' DATATYPE='DATETIME'
BLTIN="fix_gmdatetime" />
<CHILD NAME='SysUsers' TABLE='sysusers'>
<KEY NAME='suid' PARENT_NAME='LoginId' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' />
<COLUMN NAME='UserId' EXPR='uid' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' />
<COLUMN NAME='UserName' EXPR='name' />
</CHILD>
</TEMPLATE>
_EOT_
my $msg = new DBIx::XMLMessage ('TemplateString' => $tpl_str);
my $ghash = { 'OBJECT_ID' => [ 1, 2 ] };
my $dbh = DBI->connect('dbi:Sybase:server=x;database=master','sa','secret');
$msg->rexec ($dbh, $ghash);
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE> print "\n\n", $msg->output_xml(0,0);
print "\n\n", $msg->output_xml(0,1);
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="INBOUND_MESSAGE">INBOUND MESSAGE</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> #!/usr/bin/perl
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE> use DBI;
use DBIx::XMLMessage;
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE> my $template_xml =<< "_EOD1_";
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<TEMPLATE NAME='SysLogins' TYPE='XML' VERSION='1.0' TABLE='syslogins'
ACTION='SAVE'>
<KEY NAME='suid' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' PARENT_NAME='OBJECT_ID' />
<COLUMN NAME='LoginId' EXPR='suid' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' />
<COLUMN NAME='PasswordDate' EXPR='pwdate' DATATYPE='DATETIME'
BLTIN="fix_gmdatetime" />
<CHILD NAME='SysUsers' TABLE='sysusers'>
<KEY NAME='suid' PARENT_NAME='LoginId' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' />
<COLUMN NAME='UserId' EXPR='uid' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' />
<COLUMN NAME='UserName' EXPR='name' />
</CHILD>
</TEMPLATE>
_EOD1_
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE> my $message_xml =<< "_EOD2_";
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<SysLogins>
<LoginId>1</LoginId>
<PasswordDate>1999/08/17 08:31</PasswordDate>
<SysUsers>
<UserId>1</UserId>
<UserName>sa</UserName>
</SysUsers>
</SysLogins>
_EOD2_
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE> my $xmlmsg = new DBIx::XMLMessage ('TemplateString' => $template_xml);
my $msgtype = $xmlmsg->input_xml($message_xml);
my $ghash = {
'OBJECT_ID' => [ 1 ]
};
$xmlmsg->populate_objects ($ghash);
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<PRE> my $dbh = DBI->connect('dbi:Sybase:server=x;database=master','sa','secret');
$xmlmsg->rexec ($dbh, $ghash);
print $xmlmsg->output_message();
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</A></H1>
<P>
The package maintains simple XML templates that describe object structure.
</P>
<P>
The package is capable of generating SQL statements based on these
templates and executing them against DBI data sources. After executing the
SQL, the package formats the data results into XML strings. E.g. the
following simple template
</P>
<P>
<PRE> <TEMPLATE NAME='SysLogins' TYPE='XML' VERSION='1.0' TABLE='syslogins'
ACTION='SAVE'>
<KEY NAME='suid' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' PARENT_NAME='OBJECT_ID' />
<COLUMN NAME='LoginId' EXPR='suid' DATATYPE='NUMERIC' />
</TEMPLATE>
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
being executed with key value = 1, will be tranlated into this SQL:
</P>
<P>
SELECT suid LoginId FROM syslogins where suid = 1
</P>
<P>
and the result will be formatted into this XML string:
</P>
<P>
<PRE> <SysLogins>
<LoginId>1<LoginId>
</SysLogins>
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Inbound messages can be processed according to the same kind of templates
and the database is updated accordingly. Templates are capable of defining
the SQL operators, plus new SAVE operation which is basically a combination
of SELECT and either INSERT or UPDATE depending on whether the record was
found by the compound key value or not.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="SALES_PITCH">SALES PITCH</A></H1>
<P>
This package allows for objects exchange between different databases. They
could be from different vendors, as long as they both have DBD drivers. In
certain cases it is even possible to exchange objects between databases
with different data models. Publishing of databases on the web could
potentially be one of the applications as well.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="TEMPLATE_TAGS">TEMPLATE TAGS</A></H1>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="TEMPLATE">TEMPLATE</A></H2>
<P>
This is manadatory top-level tag. It can correspond to a certain table and
be processed just like table-level REFERENCE and CHILD attributes described
below. Some of TEMPLATE attributes are related to the whole template (e.g.
TYPE or VERSION) while others desribe the table ti's based on (e.g. TABLE)
</P>
<P>
If the TABLE attribute is defined, the generated SQL is going to run
against some table. Otherwise a SQL with no table will be generated. This
only makes sense for outbound messages and only possible on certain
engines, like Sybase. Also, the immediate child columns should contain
constants only for apparent reasons.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="REFERENCE">REFERENCE</A></H2>
<P>
REFERENCE is a table-level tag. It's meant to represent a single record
from another table that's retrieved by unique key. E.g. if my current table
is EMPL then DEPARTMENT would be a REFERENCE since employee can have no
more than one departament.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="CHILD">CHILD</A></H2>
<P>
This tag meant to represent a number of child records usually retrieved by
a foreign key value (probably primary key of the current table). Right now
there's no difference in processing between CHILD and REFERENCE, but it may
appear in the future releases.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="COLUMN">COLUMN</A></H2>
<P>
This tag is pretty self-explanatory. Each COLUMN tag will appear on the
SELECT, INSERT or UPDATE list of the generated SQL.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="KEY">KEY</A></H2>
<P>
Key represents linkage of this table's records to the parent table. All
KEY's will appear on the WHERE clause as AND components. This way of
linkage is typical for most of relational systems and considered to be a
good style. I guess it shouldn't be much of a restriction anyway. If it
gets that, you could try tweak up the WHERE_CLAUSE attribute..
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="PARAMETER">PARAMETER</A></H2>
<P>
This tag represents a parameter that will be passsed to a stored procedure.
Currently, only Sybase-style stored procedures are supported, i.e.
</P>
<P>
exec proc_name <CODE>@param_name</CODE> = 'param_value', ...
</P>
<P>
Fixes for Oracle, DB2 and Informix are welcome..
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="TEMPLATE_TAG_ATTRIBUTES">TEMPLATE TAG ATTRIBUTES</A></H1>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="NAME">NAME</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: All template tags
Required for: All template tags
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
NAME is the only required attribute for all of the template tags. The main
purpose of it is to specify the tag name as it will appear in the resulting
XML document. Also, depending on the template tag type (COLUMN, PARAMETER
and KEY) it may serve as default value for EXPR discussed below. Here's a
small example of how it works. If my column is represented in the template
like this:
</P>
<P>
<PRE> <COLUMN NAME='ObjectId' />
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
the resulting SQL will contain
</P>
<P>
<PRE> SELECT ObjectID, ...
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
whereas if I have
</P>
<P>
<PRE> <COLUMN NAME='ObjectId' EXPR='igObjectId' />
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
it will generate the following SQL:
</P>
<P>
<PRE> SELECT igObjectId ObjectID, ...
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
I.e. in the latter example, NAME used as an alias and EXPR as a real
database column name. The column in the first example has no alias.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="ACTION">ACTION</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: TEMPLATE, REFERENCE, CHILD
Required for: None
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Possible values for this attibute are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, EXEC and
SAVE. If action is not provided, it is assumed that t he action should be
SELECT. The first 4 values correspond to SQL data management operators
(EXEC is vendor-specific and represents execution of a stored procedure).
The fifth value, SAVE, is basically a combination of SELECT and either
INSERT or UPDATE, depending on whether the record was found by the compound
key value or not. This often helps to avoid usage of complicated stored
procedures with primary key generation and keep things generic and
scalable. Primary key generation issue is addressed separately by using of
the GENERATE_PK attribute (see below).
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="BLTIN">BLTIN</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: COLUMN
Required for: None
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Represents a perl built-in function. before invocation of this subroutine
the package prepares array <CODE>@_</CODE> and makes it visible to the
built-in function. The 3 arguments received by the built-in are:
<CODE>$self</CODE> - DBIx::XMLMessage object <CODE>$node</CODE> -
Correspondent DBIx::XMLMessage::COLUMN object. You can use it to obtain
other column attributes, e.g. $node->{DATATYPE} <CODE>$value</CODE> -
The column value
</P>
<P>
Meaning of the value depends on direction of the message, i.e. whether the
message is inbound or outbound. In case of inbound message, this is the
value received by the package from outside world; if the message is inbound
then this is the value selected from database. There's one built-in
function that comes with the package -- fix_gmdatetime. It converts date
and time to GMT for outbound messages and from GMT to the database
date/time for inbound messages. Just add one attribute to your datetime
column:
</P>
<P>
<PRE> ... BLTIN="fix_gmdatetime" ...
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="CARDINALITY">CARDINALITY</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: KEY, PARAMETER, REFERENCE, CHILD
Required for: None
Possible values: REQUIRED, OPTIONAL
Default: REQUIRED
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This parameter has different meaning for different element types. Optional
KEYs and PARAMETERs allow to proceed execution if the value for it was not
found at some point of execution. Optional CHILDs and REFERENCEs will be
skipped from execution, and hence from output, if the package failed to
collect all the key values.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="DATATYPE">DATATYPE</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: KEY, PARAMETER, COLUMN
Required for: None
Possible values: CHAR, VARCHAR, VARCHAR2, DATE, DATETIME, NUMERIC
Default: CHAR
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This attribute loosely corresponds to the database column type. The only
processing difference in the core package is quoting of the non-numeric
datatypes, particularly those containign substrings CHAR, DATE or TIME. The
built-in fix_gmdatetime utilizes this attribute more extensively.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="DEBUG">DEBUG</A></H2>
<P>
Recognized but not currently supported
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="DEFAULT">DEFAULT</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: PARAMETER, COLUMN
Required for: None
Possible values: Any string or number
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This attribute allows to provide a default value for COLUMNs and
PARAMETERS. Please note that default values are not being formatted, so
they have to represent the literal value. E.g. if you want to provide a
string DEFAULT it would look somewhat like this: ... DEFAULT =
``'UNKNOWN'''
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="EXPR">EXPR</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: All template tags
Required for: None
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
For COLUMN and KEY this attribute represents the actual database column
name or a constant. For PARAMETER
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="FACE">FACE</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: COLUMN
Required for: None
Possible values: ATTRIBUTE, TAG
Default: TAG
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This attribute allows to output certain columns as attributes, as opposed
to the default TAG-fasion output. Since it's not supported for inbound
messages yet, usage of this feature is not recommended.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="GENERATE_PK">GENERATE_PK</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: COLUMN
Required for: None
Possible values: HASH, SQL returning one value or name
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This attribute allows you to specify how to generate primary key values.
You have 2 options here:
</P>
<P>
1. You can write your own Perl function, put its reference to the global
hash under the name of the table for which you intend to generate primary
key values and provide the value of 'HASH' as the GENERATE_PK value
</P>
<P>
2. You can put the generating SQL block/statement into the GENERATE_PK
value
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="HIDDEN">HIDDEN</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: COLUMN
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Indicates that the column will be excluded from the output. This attribute
only makes sense for outbound messages.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="MAXROWS">MAXROWS</A></H2>
<P>
Currently not supported. In future, intends to limits the number of
selected rows.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="PARENT_NAME">PARENT_NAME</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: KEY
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Indicates the name of the tag one level up to which this one tag is
corresponding. E.g.
</P>
<P>
<PRE> ...
<COLUMN NAME='OBJECT_ID'/>
<REFERENCE ...>
<KEY NAME='nOrderId' PARENT_NAME='OBJECT_ID'/>
</REFERENCE>
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This feature is a workaround allowing to have two columns descending from
the same parent column at the same level. There was some other prolem it
was helping to resolve, but I forgot what it was ;^)
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="PROC">PROC</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: TEMPLATE, REFERENCE, CHILD
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Used in conjunction with ACTION='PROC'. Defines the name of the stored
procedure to invoke.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="RTRIMTEXT">RTRIMTEXT</A></H2>
<P>
Currently not supported. The package does automatic right-trimming for all
the character data.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="TABLE">TABLE</A></H2>
<P>
Name of the table against which the SQL will be run.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="TOLERANCE">TOLERANCE</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> Applicable to: TEMPLATE, REFERENCE, CHILD
Possible values: IGNORE, CREATE, REJECT
Default: IGNORE
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Allows to adjust package behaviour when SQL execution produces unexpected
result columns. E.g. if there's a stored procedure that will return the
results for your message, you can omit describing of all the resulting
COLUMNS in the template and instead specify ... TOLERANCE='CREATE' Whatever
columns are returned by the stored procedure (Sybase & MS SQL) will be
added on-the-fly and available for the output.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="WHERE_CLAUSE">WHERE_CLAUSE</A></H2>
<P>
Additional where clause. Added as an AND component at the end of generated
where clause.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="METHODS">METHODS</A></H1>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="new">new</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> my $xmsg = new DBIx::XMLMessage (
[ _OnError => $err_coderef, ]
[ _OnTrace => $trace_coderef, ]
[ _OnDebug => $debug_coderef, ]
[ Handlers => $expat_handlers_hashref, ]
[ TemplateString => $xml_template_as_a_string, ]
[ TemplateFile => $xml_template_file_name, ]
)
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
You can specify either TemplateString or TemplateFile, but not both. If any
of those specified, the template will be parsed.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="set_handlers">set_handlers</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> $xmsg->set_handlers ($expat_handlers_hashref)
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Set additional expat handlers, see XML::Parser::Expat. Normally you won't
use this. The only case I could think of is processing of encoding..
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="prepare_template">prepare_template</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> $xmsg->prepare_template ($template_xml_string)
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This method can be invoked if the template was not specified in the 'new'
method invocation.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="prepare_template_from_file">prepare_template_from_file</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> $xmsg->prepare_template_from_file ($template_file_name)
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Same as above, but template is read from file here.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="input_xml">input_xml</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> $xmsg->input_xml ($inbound_xml_message_content)
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Parse an inbound XML message. The values form this message will be used to
fill in COLUMNS and PARAMETERS. The structure of this message should comply
with template. Uses Tree parsing style.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="input_xml_file">input_xml_file</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> $xmsg->input_xml_file ($inbound_xml_message_file_name)
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
Same as above, but the XML message is read from a file.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="populate_objects">populate_objects</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> $xmsg->populate_objects ($global_hash_ref [, $matching_object
[, $tag_name [, $tag_content, [$parameter_index]]]])
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This method is trying to stuff the existing template with the inbound
message previously parsed by one of the 'input_xml' methods. The only
mandatory attribute is global hash reference, which has to contain key
values for the topmost tag TEMPLATE.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="rexec">rexec</A></H2>
<P>
<PRE> $xmsg->rexec ($dbh, $global_hash_ref)
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This method is running the created query against a DBI/DBD source and fills
in the template with results in order to make them available for subsequent
output_message call. In case of INSERT/UPDATE operations only key values
will be filled in.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="output_message">output_message</A></H2>
<P>
This method returns a string with query results in XML format suitable for
printing or whatever manupulations seem appropriate.
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="SEE_ALSO">SEE ALSO</A></H1>
<P>
<PRE> XML::Parser
XML::Parser::Expat
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
<HR>
<H1><A NAME="AUTHORS">AUTHORS</A></H1>
<P>
<PRE> Andrei Nossov <andrein@andrein.com>
</PRE>
</P>
<P>
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
</P>
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