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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "virt-rescue 1"
.TH virt-rescue 1 "2012-06-01" "libguestfs-1.18.1" "Virtualization Support"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "名前"
.IX Header "名前"
virt-rescue \- 仮想マシンにおいてレスキューシェルを実行します
.SH "書式"
.IX Header "書式"
.Vb 1
\& virt\-rescue [\-\-options] \-d domname
\&
\& virt\-rescue [\-\-options] \-a disk.img [\-a disk.img ...]
\&
\& virt\-rescue \-\-suggest (\-d domname | \-a disk.img ...)
.Ve
.PP
古い形式:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-rescue [\-\-options] domname
\&
\& virt\-rescue [\-\-options] disk.img [disk.img ...]
.Ve
.SH "警告"
.IX Header "警告"
You must \fInot\fR use \f(CW\*(C`virt\-rescue\*(C'\fR on live virtual machines.  Doing so will
probably result in disk corruption in the \s-1VM\s0.  \f(CW\*(C`virt\-rescue\*(C'\fR tries to stop
you from doing this, but doesn't catch all cases.
.PP
However if you use the \fI\-\-ro\fR (read only) option, then you can attach a
shell to a live virtual machine.  The results might be strange or
inconsistent at times but you won't get disk corruption.
.SH "説明"
.IX Header "説明"
virt-rescue is like a Rescue \s-1CD\s0, but for virtual machines, and without the
need for a \s-1CD\s0.  virt-rescue gives you a rescue shell and some simple
recovery tools which you can use to examine or rescue a virtual machine or
disk image.
.PP
You can run virt-rescue on any virtual machine known to libvirt, or directly
on disk image(s):
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-rescue \-d GuestName
\&
\& virt\-rescue \-\-ro \-a /path/to/disk.img
\&
\& virt\-rescue \-a /dev/sdc
.Ve
.PP
動作中の仮想マシンには \-\-ro オプションを使用 \fIしなければいけません\fR 。
.PP
When you run virt-rescue on a virtual machine or disk image, you are placed
in an interactive bash shell where you can use many ordinary Linux
commands.  What you see in \f(CW\*(C`/\*(C'\fR (\f(CW\*(C`/bin\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`/lib\*(C'\fR etc) is the rescue
appliance.  You must mount the virtual machine's filesystems by hand.  There
is an empty directory called \f(CW\*(C`/sysroot\*(C'\fR where you can mount filesystems.
.PP
You can get virt-rescue to suggest mount commands for you by using the
\&\fI\-\-suggest\fR option (in another terminal):
.PP
.Vb 2
\& $ virt\-rescue \-\-suggest \-d Fedora15
\&仮想マシンまたはディスクイメージの検査中 ...
\& 
\& This disk contains one or more operating systems.  You can use these
\& mount commands in virt\-rescue (at the ><rescue> prompt) to mount the
\& filesystems.
\& 
\& # /dev/vg_f15x32/lv_root は linux オペレーティングシステムのルートです
\& # 種別: linux, ディストリビューション: fedora, バージョン: 15.0
\& # Fedora release 15 (Lovelock)
\& 
\& mount /dev/vg_f15x32/lv_root /sysroot/
\& mount /dev/vda1 /sysroot/boot
\& mount \-\-bind /dev /sysroot/dev
\& mount \-\-bind /dev/pts /sysroot/dev/pts
\& mount \-\-bind /proc /sysroot/proc
\& mount \-\-bind /sys /sysroot/sys
.Ve
.PP
Another way is to list the logical volumes (with \fIlvs\fR\|(8)) and partitions
(with \fIparted\fR\|(8)) and mount them by hand:
.PP
.Vb 7
\& ><rescue> lvs
\& LV      VG        Attr   LSize   Origin Snap%  Move Log Copy%  Convert
\& lv_root vg_f15x32 \-wi\-a\-   8.83G
\& lv_swap vg_f15x32 \-wi\-a\- 992.00M
\& ><rescue> mount /dev/vg_f15x32/lv_root /sysroot
\& ><rescue> mount /dev/vda1 /sysroot/boot
\& ><rescue> ls /sysroot
.Ve
.PP
利用可能なファイルシステムを一覧表示するためのもう 1 つのコマンドは \fIvirt\-filesystems\fR\|(1) です。
.PP
Linux 仮想マシンにおいてコマンド（たとえば、grub）を実行するには、まず /sysroot ディレクトリーの中に chroot
する必要があります:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& ><rescue> chroot /sysroot
.Ve
.SS "注記"
.IX Subsection "注記"
Virt-rescue can be used on \fIany\fR disk image file or device, not just a
virtual machine.  For example you can use it on a blank file if you want to
partition that file (although we would recommend using \fIguestfish\fR\|(1)
instead as it is more suitable for this purpose).  You can even use
virt-rescue on things like \s-1SD\s0 cards.
.PP
You can get virt-rescue to give you scratch disk(s) to play with.  This is
useful for testing out Linux utilities (see \fI\-\-scratch\fR).
.PP
Virt-rescue does not require root.  You only need to run it as root if you
need root to open the disk image.
.PP
This tool is just designed for quick interactive hacking on a virtual
machine.  For more structured access to a virtual machine disk image, you
should use \fIguestfs\fR\|(3).  To get a structured shell that you can use to
make scripted changes to guests, use \fIguestfish\fR\|(1).
.SH "オプション"
.IX Header "オプション"
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
簡単なヘルプを表示します。
.IP "\fB\-a\fR file" 4
.IX Item "-a file"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-add\fR file" 4
.IX Item "--add file"
.PD
Add \fIfile\fR which should be a disk image from a virtual machine.  If the
virtual machine has multiple block devices, you must supply all of them with
separate \fI\-a\fR options.
.Sp
ディスクイメージの形式は自動検知されます。これを上書きして強制的に特定の形式を使用するには、\fI\-\-format=..\fR オプションを使用します。
.IP "\fB\-\-append kernelopts\fR" 4
.IX Item "--append kernelopts"
レスキューカーネルに追加オプションを渡します。
.IP "\fB\-c\fR \s-1URI\s0" 4
.IX Item "-c URI"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-connect\fR \s-1URI\s0" 4
.IX Item "--connect URI"
.PD
libvirt を使用していると、指定された \fI\s-1URI\s0\fR に接続します。  省略すると、デフォルトの libvirt ハイパーバイザーに接続します。
.Sp
ゲストのブロックデバイスを直接指定していると（(\fI\-a\fR)）、libvirt は何も使用されません。
.IP "\fB\-d\fR guest" 4
.IX Item "-d guest"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-domain\fR guest" 4
.IX Item "--domain guest"
.PD
名前付きの libvirt 仮想マシンからすべてのディスクを追加します。  ドメインの \s-1UUID\s0 が名前の代わりに使用されます。
.IP "\fB\-\-format=raw|qcow2|..\fR" 4
.IX Item "--format=raw|qcow2|.."
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-format\fR" 4
.IX Item "--format"
.PD
\&\fI\-a\fR オプションのデフォルトはディスクイメージの形式を自動検知します。これを使用することにより、\fI\-a\fR
オプションのディスク形式をコマンドラインにおいて指定したものに強制できます。引数なしで \fI\-\-format\fR を使用することにより、後続の \fI\-a\fR
オプションに対して自動検知に戻せます。
.Sp
例:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& virt\-rescue \-\-format=raw \-a disk.img
.Ve
.Sp
\&\f(CW\*(C`disk.img\*(C'\fR に対してローイメージを強制します（自動検出しません）。
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& virt\-rescue \-\-format=raw \-a disk.img \-\-format \-a another.img
.Ve
.Sp
\&\f(CW\*(C`disk.img\*(C'\fR に対してロー形式（自動検知なし）を強制し、\f(CW\*(C`another.img\*(C'\fR に対して自動検知に戻します。
.Sp
仮想マシンのディスクイメージが信頼できないロー形式であるならば、ディスク形式を指定するためにこのオプションを使用すべきです。これにより、悪意のある仮想マシンにより起こり得るセキュリティ問題を回避できます
(\s-1CVE\-2010\-3851\s0)。
.IP "\fB\-m \s-1MB\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "-m MB"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-memsize \s-1MB\s0\fR" 4
.IX Item "--memsize MB"
.PD
Change the amount of memory allocated to the rescue system.  The default is
set by libguestfs and is small but adequate for running system tools.  The
occasional program might need more memory.  The parameter is specified in
megabytes.
.IP "\fB\-\-network\fR" 4
.IX Item "--network"
仮想マシンにおいて \s-1QEMU\s0 ユーザーネットワークを有効にします。 \*(L"\s-1NETWORK\s0\*(R" 参照。
.IP "\fB\-r\fR" 4
.IX Item "-r"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-ro\fR" 4
.IX Item "--ro"
.PD
イメージを読み込み専用で開きます。
.Sp
The option must always be used if the disk image or virtual machine might be
running, and is generally recommended in cases where you don't need write
access to the disk.
.Sp
\&\*(L"\s-1OPENING\s0 \s-1DISKS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 \s-1READ\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1WRITE\s0\*(R" in \fIguestfish\fR\|(1) 参照。
.IP "\fB\-\-scratch\fR" 4
.IX Item "--scratch"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-scratch=N\fR" 4
.IX Item "--scratch=N"
.PD
The \fI\-\-scratch\fR option adds a large scratch disk to the rescue appliance.
\&\fI\-\-scratch=N\fR adds \f(CW\*(C`N\*(C'\fR scratch disks.  The scratch disk(s) are deleted
automatically when virt-rescue exits.
.Sp
You can also mix \fI\-a\fR, \fI\-d\fR and \fI\-\-scratch\fR options.  The scratch disk(s)
are added to the appliance in the order they appear on the command line.
.IP "\fB\-\-selinux\fR" 4
.IX Item "--selinux"
レスキューアプライアンスにおいて SELinux を有効にします。このオプションを使用する前に \*(L"\s-1SELINUX\s0\*(R" in \fIguestfs\fR\|(3)
を読むべきです。
.IP "\fB\-\-smp\fR N" 4
.IX Item "--smp N"
レスキューアプライアンスにおいて N ≥ 2 仮想 \s-1CPU\s0 を有効にします。
.IP "\fB\-\-suggest\fR" 4
.IX Item "--suggest"
Inspect the disk image and suggest what mount commands should be used to
mount the disks.  You should use the \fI\-\-suggest\fR option in a second
terminal, then paste the commands into another virt-rescue.
.Sp
このオプションは \fI\-\-ro\fR を意味します。仮想マシンが起動していたり、他の virt-rescue を実行しているときでも安全です。
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
.IX Item "--verbose"
.PD
デバッグ用の冗長なメッセージを有効にします。
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
バージョン番号を表示して終了します。
.IP "\fB\-w\fR" 4
.IX Item "-w"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-rw\fR" 4
.IX Item "--rw"
.PD
This changes the \fI\-a\fR and \fI\-d\fR options so that disks are added and mounts
are done read-write.
.Sp
\&\*(L"\s-1OPENING\s0 \s-1DISKS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 \s-1READ\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1WRITE\s0\*(R" in \fIguestfish\fR\|(1) 参照。
.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
.IX Item "-x"
libguestfs \s-1API\s0 呼び出しのトレースを有効にします。
.SH "旧形式のコマンドライン引数"
.IX Header "旧形式のコマンドライン引数"
Previous versions of virt-rescue allowed you to write either:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-rescue disk.img [disk.img ...]
.Ve
.PP
または
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-rescue guestname
.Ve
.PP
whereas in this version you should use \fI\-a\fR or \fI\-d\fR respectively to avoid
the confusing case where a disk image might have the same name as a guest.
.PP
互換性のため古い形式がまだサポートされています。
.SH "ネットワーク"
.IX Header "ネットワーク"
Adding the \fI\-\-network\fR option enables \s-1QEMU\s0 user networking in the rescue
appliance.  There are some differences between user networking and ordinary
networking:
.IP "ping does not work" 4
.IX Item "ping does not work"
Because the \s-1ICMP\s0 \s-1ECHO_REQUEST\s0 protocol generally requires root in order to
send the ping packets, and because virt-rescue must be able to run as
non-root, \s-1QEMU\s0 user networking is not able to emulate the \fIping\fR\|(8)
command.  The ping command will appear to resolve addresses but will not be
able to send or receive any packets.  This does not mean that the network is
not working.
.IP "cannot receive connections" 4
.IX Item "cannot receive connections"
\&\s-1QEMU\s0 user networking cannot receive incoming connections.
.IP "\s-1TCP\s0 接続の作成法" 4
.IX Item "TCP 接続の作成法"
The virt-rescue appliance needs to be small and so does not include many
network tools.  In particular there is no \fItelnet\fR\|(1) command.  You can
make \s-1TCP\s0 connections from the shell using the magical
\&\f(CW\*(C`/dev/tcp/<hostname>/<port>\*(C'\fR syntax:
.Sp
.Vb 3
\& exec 3<>/dev/tcp/redhat.com/80
\& echo "GET /" >&3
\& cat <&3
.Ve
.Sp
詳細は \fIbash\fR\|(1) 参照。
.SH "環境変数"
.IX Header "環境変数"
Several environment variables affect virt-rescue.  See
\&\*(L"\s-1ENVIRONMENT\s0 \s-1VARIABLES\s0\*(R" in \fIguestfs\fR\|(3) for the complete list.
.SH "SHELL QUOTING"
.IX Header "SHELL QUOTING"
Libvirt guest names can contain arbitrary characters, some of which have
meaning to the shell such as \f(CW\*(C`#\*(C'\fR and space.  You may need to quote or
escape these characters on the command line.  See the shell manual page
\&\fIsh\fR\|(1) for details.
.SH "ファイル"
.IX Header "ファイル"
.ie n .IP "$HOME/.libguestfs\-tools.rc" 4
.el .IP "\f(CW$HOME\fR/.libguestfs\-tools.rc" 4
.IX Item "$HOME/.libguestfs-tools.rc"
.PD 0
.IP "/etc/libguestfs\-tools.conf" 4
.IX Item "/etc/libguestfs-tools.conf"
.PD
This configuration file controls the default read-only or read-write mode
(\fI\-\-ro\fR or \fI\-\-rw\fR).
.Sp
\&\*(L"\s-1OPENING\s0 \s-1DISKS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 \s-1READ\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1WRITE\s0\*(R" in \fIguestfish\fR\|(1) 参照。
.SH "関連項目"
.IX Header "関連項目"
\&\fIguestfs\fR\|(3), \fIguestfish\fR\|(1), \fIvirt\-cat\fR\|(1), \fIvirt\-edit\fR\|(1),
\&\fIvirt\-filesystems\fR\|(1), <http://libguestfs.org/>.
.SH "著者"
.IX Header "著者"
Richard W.M. Jones <http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/>
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright (C) 2009\-2012 Red Hat Inc.
.PP
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License as published by the Free
Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
any later version.
.PP
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but \s-1WITHOUT\s0
\&\s-1ANY\s0 \s-1WARRANTY\s0; without even the implied warranty of \s-1MERCHANTABILITY\s0 or
\&\s-1FITNESS\s0 \s-1FOR\s0 A \s-1PARTICULAR\s0 \s-1PURPOSE\s0.  See the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License for
more details.
.PP
You should have received a copy of the \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51
Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, \s-1MA\s0 02110\-1301 \s-1USA\s0.