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=encoding utf8
=begin коментар
pod2man and pod2html have differing bugs which makes it hard to write URLs
here. The only way which works for both sorts of output is to just write
the URL directly. Do NOT use L<...> for URLs.
We break with tradition here and don't use ALL CAPS for the section
headings, as this makes them much easier to read.
=end коментар
=head1 НАЗВА
guestfs-recipes - libguestfs, guestfish and virt tools recipes
=head1 ОПИС
This page contains recipes for and links to things you can do using
libguestfs, L<guestfish(1)> and the virt tools.
=head1 Audit a virtual machine for setuid files
The link below contains a small program which can be used to audit a Linux
virtual machine to see what setuid and setgid files it contains.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2010/12/15/tip-audit-virtual-machine-for-setuid-files/#content
=head1 Change the background image in a Windows XP VM
The links below explain how to use L<guestfish(1)> to change the background
image for a user of a Windows XP VM. Unfortunately the technique appears to
be substantially different for each version of Windows.
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/virt/2011-May/002655.html
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/virt/2011-May/002658.html
=head1 Клонування віртуальної машини (Linux)
The guestfish technique described in the link below works well for most
Linux VMs. Depending on the Linux distro you may need to change the paths
slightly.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2010/09/24/tip-my-procedure-for-cloning-a-fedora-vm/#content
Avoid L<virt-clone(1)>. Currently what to do about virt-clone is under
discussion.
https://www.redhat.com/archives/virt-tools-list/2011-May/msg00019.html
=head1 Клонування віртуальної машини (Windows)
It is possible to do a "sysprep" using libguestfs alone, although not
straightforward. Currently there is code in the Aeolus Oz project which
does this (using libguestfs). As part of our review of the virt-clone tool,
we may add sysprepping ability.
https://github.com/clalancette/oz
https://www.redhat.com/archives/virt-tools-list/2011-May/msg00019.html
=head1 Convert a CD-ROM / DVD / ISO to a tarball
This converts input C<cd.iso> to output C<cd.tar.gz>:
guestfish --ro -a cd.iso -m /dev/sda tgz-out / cd.tar.gz
To export just a subdirectory, eg. C</files>, do:
guestfish --ro -a cd.iso -m /dev/sda tgz-out /files cd.tar.gz
=head1 Створення порожніх образів дисків
You can use the L<guestfish(1)> I<-N> option to create empty disk images.
The useful guide below explains the options available.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2010/09/08/new-guestfish-n-options-in-1-5-9/#content
=head1 Dump raw filesystem content from inside a disk image or VM
You can use the L<guestfish(1)> C<download> command to extract the raw
filesystem content from any filesystem in a disk image or a VM (even one
which is encrypted or buried inside an LV):
guestfish --ro -a disk.img run : download /dev/sda1 sda1.img
guestfish --ro -d Guest run : download /dev/vg_guest/lv_root lv.img
To list the filesystems in a disk image, use L<virt-filesystems(1)>.
=head1 Edit grub configuration in a VM
Ви можете скористатися цим для того, щоб виконати такі завдання:
=over 4
=item *
Fix a virtual machine that does not boot.
=item *
Change which kernel is used to boot the VM.
=item *
Change kernel command line options.
=back
Use L<virt-edit(1)> to edit the grub configuration:
virt-edit -d BrokenGuest /boot/grub/grub.conf
or for general tinkering inside an unbootable VM use L<virt-rescue(1)> like
this:
virt-rescue -d BrokenGuest
=head1 Експортувати будь-який каталог з віртуальної машини
To export C</home> from a VM into a local directory use L<virt-copy-out(1)>:
virt-copy-out -d Guest /home .
Нотатки:
=over 4
=item *
The final dot of the command is not a printing error. It means we want to
copy out to the current directory.
=item *
This creates a directory called C<home> under the current directory.
=back
If the guest is a Windows guest then you can use drive letters and
backslashes, but you must prefix the path with C<win:> and quote it to
protect it from the shell, like this:
virt-copy-out -d WinGuest 'win:c:\windows\system32\config' .
To get the output as a compressed tarball, do:
virt-tar-out -d Guest /home - | gzip --best > home.tar.gz
Although it sounds tempting, this is usually not a reliable way to get a
backup from a running guest. See the entry in the FAQ:
http://libguestfs.org/FAQ.html#backup
=head1 Find out which user is using the most space
This simple script examines a Linux guest to find out which user is using
the most space in their home directory:
#!/bin/sh -
set -e
vm="$1"
dir=/home
eval $(guestfish --ro -d "$vm" -i --listen)
for d in $(guestfish --remote ls "$dir"); do
echo -n "$dir/$d"
echo -ne '\t'
guestfish --remote du "$dir/$d";
done | sort -nr -k 2
guestfish --remote exit
=head1 Get DHCP address from a VM
The link below explains the many different possible techniques for getting
the last assigned DHCP address of a virtual machine.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2011/03/31/tip-code-for-getting-dhcp-address-from-a-virtual-machine-disk-image/#content
In the libguestfs source examples directory you will find the latest version
of the C<virt-dhcp-address.c> program.
=head1 Get the operating system product name string
Save the following script into a file called C<product-name.sh>:
#!/bin/sh -
set -e
eval "$(guestfish --ro -d "$1" --i --listen)"
root="$(guestfish --remote inspect-get-roots)"
guestfish --remote inspect-get-product-name "$root"
guestfish --remote exit
Make the script executable and run it on a named guest:
# product-name.sh RHEL60x64
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago)
You can also use an XPath query on the L<virt-inspector(1)> XML using the
C<xpath> command line tool or from your favourite programming language:
# virt-inspector RHEL60x64 > xml
# xpath '//product_name' < xml
Found 1 nodes:
-- NODE --
<product_name>Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.0 (Santiago)</product_name>
=head1 Get the default boot kernel for a Linux VM
The link below contains a program to print the default boot kernel for a
Linux VM.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2010/10/30/tip-use-augeas-to-get-the-default-boot-kernel-for-a-vm/#content
It uses Augeas, and the technique is generally applicable for many different
tasks, such as:
=over 4
=item *
listing the user accounts in the guest
=item *
what repositories is it configured to use
=item *
what NTP servers does it connect to
=item *
what were the boot messages last time it booted
=item *
listing who was logged in recently
=back
http://augeas.net/
=head1 Встановлення RPM у гостьовій системі
The link below contains a method to install RPMs in a guest. In fact the
RPMs are just uploaded to the guest along with a "firstboot" script that
installs them next time the guest is booted. You could use this technique
to install vital security updates in an offline guest.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/tip-install-rpms-in-a-guest/#content
=head1 Показати список програм, встановлених у віртуальній машині
Save the following to a file C<list-apps.sh>:
#!/bin/sh -
set -e
eval "$(guestfish --ro -d "$1" --i --listen)"
root="$(guestfish --remote inspect-get-roots)"
guestfish --remote inspect-list-applications "$root"
guestfish --remote exit
Make the file executable and then you can run it on any named virtual
machine:
# list-apps.sh WinGuest
[0] = {
app_name: Mozilla Firefox (3.6.12)
app_display_name: Mozilla Firefox (3.6.12)
app_epoch: 0
app_version: 3.6.12 (en-GB)
app_release:
app_install_path: C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox
app_trans_path:
app_publisher: Mozilla
app_url: http://www.mozilla.com/en-GB/
app_source_package:
app_summary:
app_description: Mozilla Firefox
}
[1] = {
app_name: VLC media player
app_display_name: VLC media player 1.1.5
app_epoch: 0
app_version: 1.1.5
app_release:
app_install_path: C:\Program Files\VideoLAN\VLC
app_trans_path:
app_publisher: VideoLAN
app_url: http://www.videolan.org/
app_source_package:
app_summary:
app_description:
}
If you want to run the script on disk images (instead of libvirt virtual
machines), change C<-d "$1"> to C<-a "$1">. See also L<virt-inspector(1)>.
=head1 Показати список файлів і каталогів у віртуальній машині
This involves using the L<guestfish(1)> C<find0> command like this:
guestfish --ro -d Guest -i find0 / - | tr '\0' '\n' | sort
=head1 Показати список служб у віртуальній машині Windows
The link below contains a script that can be used to list out the services
from a Windows VM, and whether those services run at boot time or are loaded
on demand.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2010/12/10/tip-list-services-in-a-windows-guest/#content
=head1 Make a disk image sparse
The link below contains some guides for making a disk image sparse (or
reintroducing sparseness).
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2010/10/19/tip-making-a-disk-image-sparse/#content
=head1 Monitor disk usage over time
You can use L<virt-df(1)> to monitor disk usage of your guests over time.
The link below contains a guide.
http://virt-tools.org/learning/advanced-virt-df/
=head1 Читання журналу подій у Windows з версії Windows Vista
L<guestfish(1)> plus the tools described in the link below can be used to
read out the Windows Event Log from any virtual machine running Windows
Vista or a later version.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2011/04/17/decoding-the-windows-event-log-using-guestfish/#content
=head1 Вилучення пароля root (Linux)
Using the L<virt-edit(1)> I<-e> option you can do simple replacements on
files. One use is to remove the root password from a Linux guest:
virt-edit domname /etc/passwd -e 's/^root:.*?:/root::/'
=head1 Вилучення пароля адміністратора (Windows)
The link below contains one technique for removing the Administrator
password from a Windows VM, or to be more precise, it gives you a command
prompt the next time you log in which you can use to bypass any security:
https://mdbooth.wordpress.com/2010/10/18/resetting-a-windows-guests-administrator-password-with-guestfish/
=head1 Розпакування компакт-диска з портативною системою
Linux live CDs often contain multiple layers of disk images wrapped like a
Russian doll. You can use L<guestfish(1)> to look inside these multiple
layers, as outlined in the guide below.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2009/07/15/unpack-the-russian-doll-of-a-f11-live-cd/#content
=head1 Вивантаження і звантаження файлів
The link below contains general tips on uploading (copying in) and
downloading (copying out) files from VMs.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2010/12/02/tip-uploading-and-downloading/#content
=head1 Use libguestfs tools on VMware ESX guests
The link below explains how to use libguestfs, L<guestfish(1)> and the virt
tools on any VMware ESX guests, by first sharing the VMware VMFS over sshfs.
https://rwmj.wordpress.com/2011/05/10/tip-use-libguestfs-on-vmware-esx-guests/#content
=head1 ТАКОЖ ПЕРЕГЛЯНЬТЕ
L<guestfs(3)>, L<guestfish(1)>, L<guestfs-examples(3)>,
L<guestfs-erlang(3)>, L<guestfs-java(3)>, L<guestfs-ocaml(3)>,
L<guestfs-perl(3)>, L<guestfs-python(3)>, L<guestfs-ruby(3)>,
L<http://libguestfs.org/>.
=head1 АВТОРИ
Richard W.M. Jones (C<rjones at redhat dot com>)
=head1 АВТОРСЬКІ ПРАВА
© Red Hat Inc. L<http://libguestfs.org/>, 2009–2012
The examples in this manual page may be freely copied, modified and
distributed without any restrictions.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your
option) any later version.
Ця бібліотека поширюється у сподіванні, що вона буде корисною, але БЕЗ
БУДЬ-ЯКИХ ГАРАНТІЙНИХ ЗОБОВ’ЯЗАНЬ; навіть без очевидної гарантії
ПРАЦЕЗДАТНОСТІ або ПРИДАТНОСТІ ДЛЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ З ПЕВНОЮ МЕТОЮ. Докладніше
про це можна дізнатися з GNU General Public License.
Ви маєте отримати копію GNU Lesser General Public License разом з цією
бібліотекою; якщо це не так, повідомте про факт за адресою Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
USA
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