=encoding utf8

=head1 НАЗВА

virt-edit — програма для редагування файлів у віртуальній машині

=head1 КОРОТКИЙ ОПИС

 virt-edit [--параметри] -d назва_домену файл [файл ...]

 virt-edit [--options] -a disk.img [-a disk.img ...] file [file ...]

 virt-edit [-d domname|-a disk.img] file -e 'expr'

Застарілий стиль:

 virt-edit назва_домену файл

 virt-edit disk.img [disk.img ...] file

=head1 ПОПЕРЕДЖЕННЯ

You must I<not> use C<virt-edit> on live virtual machines.  If you do this,
you risk disk corruption in the VM.  C<virt-edit> tries to stop you from
doing this, but doesn't catch all cases.

=head1 ОПИС

C<virt-edit> is a command line tool to edit C<file> where each C<file>
exists in the named virtual machine (or disk image).

Multiple filenames can be given, in which case they are each edited in
turn.  Each filename must be a full path, starting at the root directory
(starting with '/').

If you want to just view a file, use L<virt-cat(1)>.

For more complex cases you should look at the L<guestfish(1)> tool (see
L</USING GUESTFISH> below).

C<virt-edit> cannot be used to create a new file.  L<guestfish(1)> can do
that and much more.

=head1 ПРИКЛАДИ

Edit the named files interactively:

 virt-edit -d mydomain /boot/grub/grub.conf

 virt-edit -d mydomain /etc/passwd

For Windows guests, some Windows paths are understood:

 virt-edit -d mywindomain 'c:\autoexec.bat'

If Perl is installed, you can also edit files non-interactively (see
L</NON-INTERACTIVE EDITING> below).  To change the init default level to 5:

 virt-edit -d mydomain /etc/inittab -e 's/^id:.*/id:5:initdefault:/'

=head1 ПАРАМЕТРИ

=over 4

=item B<--help>

Показати коротку довідку.

=item B<-a> файл

=item B<--add> файл

Add I<file> which should be a disk image from a virtual machine.  If the
virtual machine has multiple block devices, you must supply all of them with
separate I<-a> options.

The format of the disk image is auto-detected.  To override this and force a
particular format use the I<--format=..> option.

=item B<-b> extension

=item B<--backup> extension

Create a backup of the original file I<in the guest disk image>.  The backup
has the original filename with C<extension> added.

Usually the first character of C<extension> would be a dot C<.> so you would
write:

 virt-edit -b .orig [etc]

By default, no backup file is made.

=item B<-c адреса>

=item B<--connect адреса>

If using libvirt, connect to the given I<URI>.  If omitted, then we connect
to the default libvirt hypervisor.

If you specify guest block devices directly, then libvirt is not used at
all.

=item B<-d> гість

=item B<--domain> гість

Add all the disks from the named libvirt guest.  Domain UUIDs can be used
instead of names.

=item B<--echo-keys>

When prompting for keys and passphrases, virt-edit normally turns echoing
off so you cannot see what you are typing.  If you are not worried about
Tempest attacks and there is no one else in the room you can specify this
flag to see what you are typing.

=item B<-e> вираз

=item B<--expr> вираз

Instead of launching the external editor, non-interactively apply the Perl
expression C<EXPR> to each line in the file.  See L</NON-INTERACTIVE
EDITING> below.

Be careful to properly quote the expression to prevent it from being altered
by the shell.

Note that this option is only available when Perl 5 is installed.

=item B<--format> raw|qcow2|...

=item B<--format>

The default for the I<-a> option is to auto-detect the format of the disk
image.  Using this forces the disk format for I<-a> options which follow on
the command line.  Using I<--format> with no argument switches back to
auto-detection for subsequent I<-a> options.

Приклад:

 virt-edit --format=raw -a disk.img file

forces raw format (no auto-detection) for C<disk.img>.

 virt-edit --format=raw -a disk.img --format -a another.img file

forces raw format (no auto-detection) for C<disk.img> and reverts to
auto-detection for C<another.img>.

If you have untrusted raw-format guest disk images, you should use this
option to specify the disk format.  This avoids a possible security problem
with malicious guests (CVE-2010-3851).

=item B<--keys-from-stdin>

Read key or passphrase parameters from stdin.  The default is to try to read
passphrases from the user by opening C</dev/tty>.

=item B<-v>

=item B<--verbose>

Увімкнути докладний показ повідомлень з метою діагностики.

=item B<-V>

=item B<--version>

Показати дані щодо версії і завершити роботу.

=item B<-x>

Увімкнути трасування викликів програмного інтерфейсу libguestfs.

=back

=head1 ПАРАМЕТРИ КОМАНДНОГО РЯДКА У ФОРМАТІ ПОПЕРЕДНІХ ВЕРСІЙ

Previous versions of virt-edit allowed you to write either:

 virt-edit disk.img [disk.img ...] file

або

 virt-edit guestname file

whereas in this version you should use I<-a> or I<-d> respectively to avoid
the confusing case where a disk image might have the same name as a guest.

З міркувань зворотної сумісності передбачено підтримку запису параметрів у
застарілому форматі.

=head1 НЕІНТЕРАКТИВНЕ РЕДАГУВАННЯ

C<virt-edit> normally calls out to C<$EDITOR> (or vi) so the system
administrator can interactively edit the file.

There are two ways also to use C<virt-edit> from scripts in order to make
automated edits to files.  (Note that although you I<can> use C<virt-edit>
like this, it's less error-prone to write scripts directly using the
libguestfs API and Augeas for configuration file editing.)

The first method is to temporarily set C<$EDITOR> to any script or program
you want to run.  The script is invoked as C<$EDITOR tmpfile> and it should
update C<tmpfile> in place however it likes.

The second method is to use the I<-e> parameter of C<virt-edit> to run a
short Perl snippet in the style of L<sed(1)>.  For example to replace all
instances of C<foo> with C<bar> in a file:

 virt-edit -d domname filename -e 's/foo/bar/'

The full power of Perl regular expressions can be used (see L<perlre(1)>).
For example to delete root's password you could do:

 virt-edit -d назва_домену /etc/passwd -e 's/^root:.*?:/root::/'

What really happens is that the snippet is evaluated as a Perl expression
for each line of the file.  The line, including the final C<\n>, is passed
in C<$_> and the expression should update C<$_> or leave it unchanged.

To delete a line, set C<$_> to the empty string.  For example, to delete the
C<apache> user account from the password file you can do:

 virt-edit -d mydomain /etc/passwd -e '$_ = "" if /^apache:/'

To insert a line, prepend or append it to C<$_>.  However appending lines to
the end of the file is rather difficult this way since there is no concept
of "last line of the file" - your expression just doesn't get called again.
You might want to use the first method (setting C<$EDITOR>) if you want to
do this.

The variable C<$lineno> contains the current line number.  As is
traditional, the first line in the file is number C<1>.

The return value from the expression is ignored, but the expression may call
C<die> in order to abort the whole program, leaving the original file
untouched.

Remember when matching the end of a line that C<$_> may contain the final
C<\n>, or (for DOS files) C<\r\n>, or if the file does not end with a
newline then neither of these.  Thus to match or substitute some text at the
end of a line, use this regular expression:

 /якийсь текст(\r?\n)?$/

Alternately, use the perl C<chomp> function, being careful not to chomp
C<$_> itself (since that would remove all newlines from the file):

 my $m = $_; chomp $m; $m =~ /якийсь текст$/

=head1 ШЛЯХИ У WINDOWS

C<virt-edit> has a limited ability to understand Windows drive letters and
paths (eg. C<E:\foo\bar.txt>).

Тоді і лише тоді, коли у гостьовій системі працює Windows:

=over 4

=item *

Drive letter prefixes like C<C:> are resolved against the Windows Registry
to the correct filesystem.

=item *

Any backslash (C<\>) characters in the path are replaced with forward
slashes so that libguestfs can process it.

=item *

The path is resolved case insensitively to locate the file that should be
edited.

=back

Відомі певні недоліки програми:

=over 4

=item *

Перехід за деякими символічними посиланнями NTFS може здійснюватися з
помилками.

=item *

NTFS junction points that cross filesystems are not followed.

=back

=head1 ВИКОРИСТАННЯ GUESTFISH

L<guestfish(1)> is a more powerful, lower level tool which you can use when
C<virt-edit> doesn't work.

Using C<virt-edit> is approximately equivalent to doing:

 guestfish --rw -i -d domname edit /file

where C<domname> is the name of the libvirt guest, and C</file> is the full
path to the file.

The command above uses libguestfs's guest inspection feature and so does not
work on guests that libguestfs cannot inspect, or on things like arbitrary
disk images that don't contain guests.  To edit a file on a disk image
directly, use:

 guestfish --rw -a disk.img -m /dev/sda1 edit /file

where C<disk.img> is the disk image, C</dev/sda1> is the filesystem within
the disk image to edit, and C</file> is the full path to the file.

C<virt-edit> cannot create new files.  Use the guestfish commands C<touch>,
C<write> or C<upload> instead:

 guestfish --rw -i -d domname touch /newfile

 guestfish --rw -i -d domname write /newfile "new content"

 guestfish --rw -i -d domname upload localfile /newfile

=head1 ЗМІННІ СЕРЕДОВИЩА

=over 4

=item C<EDITOR>

If set, this string is used as the editor.  It may contain arguments,
eg. C<"emacs -nw">

If not set, C<vi> is used.

=back

=head1 ЕКРАНУВАННЯ СИМВОЛІВ У ОБОЛОНЦІ

Libvirt guest names can contain arbitrary characters, some of which have
meaning to the shell such as C<#> and space.  You may need to quote or
escape these characters on the command line.  See the shell manual page
L<sh(1)> for details.

=head1 СТАН ВИХОДУ

Ця програма повертає значення 0 у разі успішного завершення і ненульове
значення, якщо сталася помилка.

=head1 ТАКОЖ ПЕРЕГЛЯНЬТЕ

L<guestfs(3)>, L<guestfish(1)>, L<virt-cat(1)>, L<virt-copy-in(1)>,
L<virt-tar-in(1)>, L<Sys::Guestfs(3)>, L<Sys::Guestfs::Lib(3)>,
L<Sys::Virt(3)>, L<http://libguestfs.org/>, L<perl(1)>, L<perlre(1)>.

=head1 АВТОР

Richard W.M. Jones L<http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/>

=head1 АВТОРСЬКІ ПРАВА

© Red Hat Inc., 2009–2012

Ця програма є вільним програмним забезпеченням; ви можете поширювати та/або
змінювати її за умов дотримання GNU General Public License  утому вигляді,
що оприлюднений Free Software Foundation; версії 2 цієї Ліцензії, або (якщо
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