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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "virt-ls 1"
.TH virt-ls 1 "2012-06-01" "libguestfs-1.18.1" "Virtualization Support"
.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH "НАЗВА"
.IX Header "НАЗВА"
virt-ls — програма для показу списку файлів у віртуальній машині
.SH "КОРОТКИЙ ОПИС"
.IX Header "КОРОТКИЙ ОПИС"
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls [\-\-параметри] \-d назва_домену каталог [каталог ...]
\&
\& virt\-ls [\-\-options] \-a disk.img [\-a disk.img ...] directory [directory ...]
.Ve
.PP
Старий стиль:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls [\-\-параметри] назва_домену каталог
\&
\& virt\-ls [\-\-options] disk.img [disk.img ...] directory
.Ve
.SH "ОПИС"
.IX Header "ОПИС"
\&\f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls\*(C'\fR lists filenames, file sizes, checksums, extended attributes and
more from a virtual machine or disk image.
.PP
Multiple directory names can be given, in which case the output from each is
concatenated.
.PP
To list directories from a libvirt guest use the \fI\-d\fR option to specify the
name of the guest.  For a disk image, use the \fI\-a\fR option.
.PP
\&\f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls\*(C'\fR can do many simple file listings.  For more complicated cases you
may need to use \fIguestfish\fR\|(1), or write a program directly to the
\&\fIguestfs\fR\|(3) \s-1API\s0.
.SH "ПРИКЛАДИ"
.IX Header "ПРИКЛАДИ"
Get a list of all files and directories in a virtual machine:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-R \-d guest /
.Ve
.PP
List all setuid or setgid programs in a Linux virtual machine:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-lR \-d guest / | grep \*(Aq^\- [42]\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
List all public-writable directories in a Linux virtual machine:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-lR \-d guest / | grep \*(Aq^d ...7\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
List all Unix domain sockets in a Linux virtual machine:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-lR \-d guest / | grep \*(Aq^s\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
List all regular files with filenames ending in '.png':
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-lR \-d guest / | grep \-i \*(Aq^\-.*\e.png$\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
To display files larger than 10MB in home directories:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-lR \-d guest /home | awk \*(Aq$3 > 10*1024*1024\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
Find everything modified in the last 7 days:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-lR \-d guest \-\-time\-days / | awk \*(Aq$6 <= 7\*(Aq
.Ve
.PP
Find regular files modified in the last 24 hours:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-lR \-d guest \-\-time\-days / | grep \*(Aq^\-\*(Aq | awk \*(Aq$6 < 1\*(Aq
.Ve
.SS "\s-1DIFFERENCES\s0 \s-1IN\s0 \s-1SNAPSHOTS\s0 \s-1AND\s0 \s-1BACKING\s0 \s-1FILES\s0"
.IX Subsection "DIFFERENCES IN SNAPSHOTS AND BACKING FILES"
Find the differences between files in a guest and an earlier snapshot of the
same guest.
.PP
.Vb 3
\& virt\-ls \-lR \-a snapshot.img / \-\-uids \-\-time\-t > old
\& virt\-ls \-lR \-a current.img / \-\-uids \-\-time\-t > new
\& diff \-u old new | less
.Ve
.PP
The commands above won't find files where the content has changed but the
metadata (eg. file size and modification date) is the same.  To do that, you
need to add the \fI\-\-checksum\fR parameter to both \f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls\*(C'\fR commands.
\&\fI\-\-checksum\fR can be quite slow since it has to read and compute a checksum
of every regular file in the virtual machine.
.SH "РЕЖИМИ ВИВЕДЕННЯ ДАНИХ"
.IX Header "РЕЖИМИ ВИВЕДЕННЯ ДАНИХ"
\&\f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls\*(C'\fR has four output modes, controlled by different combinations of
the \fI\-l\fR and \fI\-R\fR options.
.SS "ПРОСТИЙ СПИСОК"
.IX Subsection "ПРОСТИЙ СПИСОК"
A simple listing is like the ordinary \fIls\fR\|(1) command:
.PP
.Vb 4
\& $ virt\-ls \-d guest /
\& bin
\& boot
\& [тощо]
.Ve
.SS "ДОВГИЙ СПИСОК"
.IX Subsection "ДОВГИЙ СПИСОК"
With the \fI\-l\fR (\fI\-\-long\fR) option, the output is like the \f(CW\*(C`ls \-l\*(C'\fR command
(more specifically, like the \f(CW\*(C`guestfs_ll\*(C'\fR function).
.PP
.Vb 5
\& $ virt\-ls \-l \-d guest /
\& total 204
\& dr\-xr\-xr\-x.   2 root root   4096 2009\-08\-25 19:06 bin
\& dr\-xr\-xr\-x.   5 root root   3072 2009\-08\-25 19:06 boot
\& [тощо]
.Ve
.PP
Note that while this is useful for displaying a directory, do not try
parsing this output in another program.  Use \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0 \s-1LISTING\s0\*(R"
instead.
.SS "РЕКУРСИВНИЙ СПИСОК"
.IX Subsection "РЕКУРСИВНИЙ СПИСОК"
With the \fI\-R\fR (\fI\-\-recursive\fR) option, \f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls\*(C'\fR lists the names of files
and directories recursively:
.PP
.Vb 4
\& $ virt\-ls \-R \-d guest /tmp
\& foo
\& foo/bar
\& [тощо]
.Ve
.PP
To generate this output, \f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls\*(C'\fR runs the \f(CW\*(C`guestfs_find0\*(C'\fR function and
converts \f(CW\*(C`\e0\*(C'\fR characters to \f(CW\*(C`\en\*(C'\fR.
.SS "РЕКУРСИВНИЙ ДОВГИЙ СПИСОК"
.IX Subsection "РЕКУРСИВНИЙ ДОВГИЙ СПИСОК"
Using \fI\-lR\fR options together changes the output to display directories
recursively, with file stats, and optionally other features such as
checksums and extended attributes.
.PP
Most of the interesting features of \f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls\*(C'\fR are only available when using
\&\fI\-lR\fR mode.
.PP
The fields are normally space-separated.  Filenames are \fBnot\fR quoted, so
you cannot use the output in another program (because filenames can contain
spaces and other unsafe characters).  If the guest was untrusted and someone
knew you were using \f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls\*(C'\fR to analyze the guest, they could play tricks
on you by creating filenames with embedded newline characters.  To \fBsafely\fR
parse the output in another program, use the \fI\-\-csv\fR (Comma-Separated
Values) option.
.PP
Note that this output format is completely unrelated to the \f(CW\*(C`ls \-lR\*(C'\fR
command.
.PP
.Vb 8
\& $ virt\-ls \-lR \-d guest /bin
\& d 0555       4096 /bin
\& \- 0755        123 /bin/alsaunmute
\& \- 0755      28328 /bin/arch
\& l 0777          4 /bin/awk \-> gawk
\& \- 0755      27216 /bin/basename
\& \- 0755     943360 /bin/bash
\& [тощо]
.Ve
.PP
These basic fields are always shown:
.IP "тип" 4
.IX Item "тип"
The file type, one of: \f(CW\*(C`\-\*(C'\fR (regular file), \f(CW\*(C`d\*(C'\fR (directory), \f(CW\*(C`c\*(C'\fR
(character device), \f(CW\*(C`b\*(C'\fR (block device), \f(CW\*(C`p\*(C'\fR (named pipe), \f(CW\*(C`l\*(C'\fR (symbolic
link), \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR (socket) or \f(CW\*(C`u\*(C'\fR (unknown).
.IP "права доступу" 4
.IX Item "права доступу"
The Unix permissions, displayed as a 4 digit octal number.
.IP "розмір" 4
.IX Item "розмір"
The size of the file.  This is shown in bytes unless \fI\-h\fR or
\&\fI\-\-human\-readable\fR option is given, in which case this is shown as a
human-readable number.
.IP "шлях" 4
.IX Item "шлях"
The full path of the file or directory.
.IP "посилання" 4
.IX Item "посилання"
For symbolic links only, the link target.
.PP
In \fI\-lR\fR mode, additional command line options enable the display of more
fields.
.PP
With the \fI\-\-uids\fR flag, these additional fields are displayed before the
path:
.IP "uid" 4
.IX Item "uid"
.PD 0
.IP "gid" 4
.IX Item "gid"
.PD
The \s-1UID\s0 and \s-1GID\s0 of the owner of the file (displayed numerically).  Note
these only make sense in the context of a Unix-like guest.
.PP
With the \fI\-\-times\fR flag, these additional fields are displayed:
.IP "atime" 4
.IX Item "atime"
Час останнього доступу.
.IP "mtime" 4
.IX Item "mtime"
Час останнього внесення змін.
.IP "ctime" 4
.IX Item "ctime"
Час останньої зміни стану.
.PP
The time fields are displayed as string dates and times, unless one of the
\&\fI\-\-time\-t\fR, \fI\-\-time\-relative\fR or \fI\-\-time\-days\fR flags is given.
.PP
With the \fI\-\-extra\-stats\fR flag, these additional fields are displayed:
.IP "пристрій" 4
.IX Item "пристрій"
The device containing the file (displayed as major:minor).  This may not
match devices as known to the guest.
.IP "inode" 4
.IX Item "inode"
Номер inode.
.IP "nlink" 4
.IX Item "nlink"
Кількість жорстких посилань.
.IP "rdev" 4
.IX Item "rdev"
For block and char special files, the device (displayed as major:minor).
.IP "блоки" 4
.IX Item "блоки"
The number of 512 byte blocks allocated to the file.
.PP
With the \fI\-\-checksum\fR flag, the checksum of the file contents is shown
(only for regular files).  Computing file checksums can take a considerable
amount of time.
.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
.IX Header "ПАРАМЕТРИ"
.IP "\fB\-\-help\fR" 4
.IX Item "--help"
Показати коротку довідку.
.IP "\fB\-a\fR файл" 4
.IX Item "-a файл"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-add\fR файл" 4
.IX Item "--add файл"
.PD
Add \fIfile\fR which should be a disk image from a virtual machine.  If the
virtual machine has multiple block devices, you must supply all of them with
separate \fI\-a\fR options.
.Sp
The format of the disk image is auto-detected.  To override this and force a
particular format use the \fI\-\-format=..\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-\-checksum\fR" 4
.IX Item "--checksum"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-checksum=crc|md5|sha1|sha224|sha256|sha384|sha512\fR" 4
.IX Item "--checksum=crc|md5|sha1|sha224|sha256|sha384|sha512"
.PD
Display checksum over file contents for regular files.  With no argument,
this defaults to using \fImd5\fR.  Using an argument, you can select the
checksum type to use.
.Sp
This option only has effect in \fI\-lR\fR output mode.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0
\&\s-1LISTING\s0\*(R" above.
.IP "\fB\-c\fR адреса" 4
.IX Item "-c адреса"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-connect\fR адреса" 4
.IX Item "--connect адреса"
.PD
If using libvirt, connect to the given \fI\s-1URI\s0\fR.  If omitted, then we connect
to the default libvirt hypervisor.
.Sp
If you specify guest block devices directly (\fI\-a\fR), then libvirt is not
used at all.
.IP "\fB\-\-csv\fR" 4
.IX Item "--csv"
Write out the results in \s-1CSV\s0 format (comma-separated values).  This format
can be imported easily into databases and spreadsheets, but read \*(L"\s-1NOTE\s0
\&\s-1ABOUT\s0 \s-1CSV\s0 \s-1FORMAT\s0\*(R" below.
.IP "\fB\-d\fR гість" 4
.IX Item "-d гість"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-domain\fR гість" 4
.IX Item "--domain гість"
.PD
Add all the disks from the named libvirt guest.  Domain UUIDs can be used
instead of names.
.IP "\fB\-\-echo\-keys\fR" 4
.IX Item "--echo-keys"
When prompting for keys and passphrases, virt-ls normally turns echoing off
so you cannot see what you are typing.  If you are not worried about Tempest
attacks and there is no one else in the room you can specify this flag to
see what you are typing.
.IP "\fB\-\-extra\-stats\fR" 4
.IX Item "--extra-stats"
Показати додаткові дані.
.Sp
This option only has effect in \fI\-lR\fR output mode.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0
\&\s-1LISTING\s0\*(R" above.
.IP "\fB\-\-format=raw|qcow2|..\fR" 4
.IX Item "--format=raw|qcow2|.."
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-format\fR" 4
.IX Item "--format"
.PD
The default for the \fI\-a\fR option is to auto-detect the format of the disk
image.  Using this forces the disk format for \fI\-a\fR options which follow on
the command line.  Using \fI\-\-format\fR with no argument switches back to
auto-detection for subsequent \fI\-a\fR options.
.Sp
Приклад:
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-\-format=raw \-a disk.img /dir
.Ve
.Sp
forces raw format (no auto-detection) for \f(CW\*(C`disk.img\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls \-\-format=raw \-a disk.img \-\-format \-a another.img /dir
.Ve
.Sp
forces raw format (no auto-detection) for \f(CW\*(C`disk.img\*(C'\fR and reverts to
auto-detection for \f(CW\*(C`another.img\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
If you have untrusted raw-format guest disk images, you should use this
option to specify the disk format.  This avoids a possible security problem
with malicious guests (\s-1CVE\-2010\-3851\s0).
.IP "\fB\-h\fR" 4
.IX Item "-h"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-human\-readable\fR" 4
.IX Item "--human-readable"
.PD
Показати розміри файлів у зручному для читання форматі.
.Sp
This option only has effect in \fI\-lR\fR output mode.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0
\&\s-1LISTING\s0\*(R" above.
.IP "\fB\-\-keys\-from\-stdin\fR" 4
.IX Item "--keys-from-stdin"
Read key or passphrase parameters from stdin.  The default is to try to read
passphrases from the user by opening \f(CW\*(C`/dev/tty\*(C'\fR.
.IP "\fB\-l\fR" 4
.IX Item "-l"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-long\fR" 4
.IX Item "--long"
.IP "\fB\-R\fR" 4
.IX Item "-R"
.IP "\fB\-\-recursive\fR" 4
.IX Item "--recursive"
.PD
Select the mode.  With neither of these options, \f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls\*(C'\fR produces a
simple, flat list of the files in the named directory.  See \*(L"\s-1SIMPLE\s0
\&\s-1LISTING\s0\*(R".
.Sp
\&\f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls \-l\*(C'\fR produces a \*(L"long listing\*(R", which shows more detail.  See
\&\*(L"\s-1LONG\s0 \s-1LISTING\s0\*(R".
.Sp
\&\f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls \-R\*(C'\fR produces a recursive list of files starting at the named
directory.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LISTING\s0\*(R".
.Sp
\&\f(CW\*(C`virt\-ls \-lR\*(C'\fR produces a recursive long listing which can be more easily
parsed.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0 \s-1LISTING\s0\*(R".
.IP "\fB\-\-times\fR" 4
.IX Item "--times"
Показати поля часу.
.Sp
This option only has effect in \fI\-lR\fR output mode.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0
\&\s-1LISTING\s0\*(R" above.
.IP "\fB\-\-time\-days\fR" 4
.IX Item "--time-days"
Display time fields as days before now (negative if in the future).
.Sp
Note that \f(CW0\fR in output means \*(L"up to 1 day before now\*(R", or that the age of
the file is between 0 and 86399 seconds.
.Sp
This option only has effect in \fI\-lR\fR output mode.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0
\&\s-1LISTING\s0\*(R" above.
.IP "\fB\-\-time\-relative\fR" 4
.IX Item "--time-relative"
Display time fields as seconds before now (negative if in the future).
.Sp
This option only has effect in \fI\-lR\fR output mode.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0
\&\s-1LISTING\s0\*(R" above.
.IP "\fB\-\-time\-t\fR" 4
.IX Item "--time-t"
Display time fields as seconds since the Unix epoch.
.Sp
This option only has effect in \fI\-lR\fR output mode.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0
\&\s-1LISTING\s0\*(R" above.
.IP "\fB\-\-uids\fR" 4
.IX Item "--uids"
Показати поля \s-1UID\s0 і \s-1GID\s0.
.Sp
This option only has effect in \fI\-lR\fR output mode.  See \*(L"\s-1RECURSIVE\s0 \s-1LONG\s0
\&\s-1LISTING\s0\*(R" above.
.IP "\fB\-v\fR" 4
.IX Item "-v"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-verbose\fR" 4
.IX Item "--verbose"
.PD
Увімкнути докладний показ повідомлень з метою діагностики.
.IP "\fB\-V\fR" 4
.IX Item "-V"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-\-version\fR" 4
.IX Item "--version"
.PD
Показати дані щодо версії і завершити роботу.
.IP "\fB\-x\fR" 4
.IX Item "-x"
Увімкнути трасування викликів програмного інтерфейсу libguestfs.
.SH "ПАРАМЕТРИ КОМАНДНОГО РЯДКА У ФОРМАТІ ПОПЕРЕДНІХ ВЕРСІЙ"
.IX Header "ПАРАМЕТРИ КОМАНДНОГО РЯДКА У ФОРМАТІ ПОПЕРЕДНІХ ВЕРСІЙ"
Previous versions of virt-ls allowed you to write either:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls диск.img [диск.img ...] /каталог
.Ve
.PP
або
.PP
.Vb 1
\& virt\-ls guestname /dir
.Ve
.PP
whereas in this version you should use \fI\-a\fR or \fI\-d\fR respectively to avoid
the confusing case where a disk image might have the same name as a guest.
.PP
З міркувань зворотної сумісності передбачено підтримку запису параметрів у
застарілому форматі.
.SH "ЗАУВАЖЕННЯ ЩОДО ФОРМАТУ CSV"
.IX Header "ЗАУВАЖЕННЯ ЩОДО ФОРМАТУ CSV"
Comma-separated values (\s-1CSV\s0) is a deceptive format.  It \fIseems\fR like it
should be easy to parse, but it is definitely not easy to parse.
.PP
Myth: Just split fields at commas.  Reality: This does \fInot\fR work
reliably.  This example has two columns:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& "foo,bar",baz
.Ve
.PP
Myth: Read the file one line at a time.  Reality: This does \fInot\fR work
reliably.  This example has one row:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& "foo
\& bar",baz
.Ve
.PP
For shell scripts, use \f(CW\*(C`csvtool\*(C'\fR (<http://merjis.com/developers/csv> also
packaged in major Linux distributions).
.PP
For other languages, use a \s-1CSV\s0 processing library (eg. \f(CW\*(C`Text::CSV\*(C'\fR for Perl
or Python's built-in csv library).
.PP
Most spreadsheets and databases can import \s-1CSV\s0 directly.
.SH "ЕКРАНУВАННЯ СИМВОЛІВ У ОБОЛОНЦІ"
.IX Header "ЕКРАНУВАННЯ СИМВОЛІВ У ОБОЛОНЦІ"
Libvirt guest names can contain arbitrary characters, some of which have
meaning to the shell such as \f(CW\*(C`#\*(C'\fR and space.  You may need to quote or
escape these characters on the command line.  See the shell manual page
\&\fIsh\fR\|(1) for details.
.SH "СТАН ВИХОДУ"
.IX Header "СТАН ВИХОДУ"
Ця програма повертає значення 0 у разі успішного завершення і ненульове
значення, якщо сталася помилка.
.SH "ТАКОЖ ПЕРЕГЛЯНЬТЕ"
.IX Header "ТАКОЖ ПЕРЕГЛЯНЬТЕ"
\&\fIguestfs\fR\|(3), \fIguestfish\fR\|(1), \fIvirt\-cat\fR\|(1), \fIvirt\-copy\-out\fR\|(1),
\&\fIvirt\-tar\-out\fR\|(1), \fISys::Guestfs\fR\|(3), \fISys::Guestfs::Lib\fR\|(3),
\&\fISys::Virt\fR\|(3), <http://libguestfs.org/>.
.SH "АВТОР"
.IX Header "АВТОР"
Richard W.M. Jones <http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/>
.SH "АВТОРСЬКІ ПРАВА"
.IX Header "АВТОРСЬКІ ПРАВА"
© Red Hat Inc., 2009–2012
.PP
Ця програма є вільним програмним забезпеченням; ви можете поширювати та/або
змінювати її за умов дотримання \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License  утому вигляді,
що оприлюднений Free Software Foundation; версії 2 цієї Ліцензії, або (якщо
забажаєте) будь\-якої випущеної пізніше.
.PP
Ця програма поширюється у сподіванні, що вона буде корисною, але БЕЗ
БУДЬ\-ЯКИХ ГАРАНТІЙНИХ ЗОБОВ’ЯЗАНЬ; навіть без очевидної гарантії
ПРАЦЕЗДАТНОСТІ або ПРИДАТНОСТІ ДЛЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ З ПЕВНОЮ МЕТОЮ. Докладніше
про це можна дізнатися з \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License.
.PP
Ви маєте отримати копію \s-1GNU\s0 General Public License разом з цією програмою;
якщо це не так, повідомте про факт за адресою Free Software Foundation,
Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, \s-1MA\s0 02110\-1301, \s-1USA\s0.