File: BrowserDetect.pm

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libhttp-browserdetect-perl 3.45-1
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use strict;
use warnings;

use 5.006;

package HTTP::BrowserDetect;

our $VERSION = '3.45';

# Operating Systems
our @OS_TESTS = qw(
    windows  mac     os2
    unix     linux   vms
    bsd      amiga   brew
    bb10     rimtabletos
    chromeos ios
    firefoxos
);

# More precise Windows
our @WINDOWS_TESTS = qw(
    win16      win3x        win31
    win95      win98        winnt
    winme      win32        win2k
    winxp      win2k3       winvista
    win7       win8         win8_0
    win8_1     win10        win10_0
    wince      winphone     winphone7
    winphone7_5 winphone8   winphone8_1
    winphone10
);

# More precise Mac
our @MAC_TESTS = qw(
    macosx mac68k macppc
);

# More precise Unix
our @UNIX_TESTS = qw(
    sun     sun4     sun5
    suni86  irix     irix5
    irix6   hpux     hpux9
    hpux10  aix      aix1
    aix2    aix3     aix4
    sco     unixware mpras
    reliant dec      sinix
);

# More precise BSDs
our @BSD_TESTS = qw(
    freebsd
);

# Gaming devices
our @GAMING_TESTS = qw(
    ps3gameos pspgameos
);

# Device related tests
our @DEVICE_TESTS = qw(
    android audrey blackberry dsi iopener ipad
    iphone ipod kindle kindlefire n3ds palm ps3 psp wap webos
    mobile tablet
);

# Browsers
our @BROWSER_TESTS = qw(
    mosaic         netscape         firefox
    chrome         safari           ie
    opera          lynx             links
    elinks         neoplanet        neoplanet2
    avantgo        emacs            mozilla
    konqueror      realplayer       netfront
    mobile_safari  obigo            aol
    lotusnotes     staroffice       icab
    webtv          browsex          silk
    applecoremedia galeon           seamonkey
    epiphany       ucbrowser        dalvik
    edge           pubsub           adm
    brave          imagesearcherpro polaris
    edgelegacy     samsung
    instagram
    yandex_browser
);

our @IE_TESTS = qw(
    ie3         ie4         ie4up
    ie5         ie5up       ie55
    ie55up      ie6         ie7
    ie8         ie9         ie10
    ie11
    ie_compat_mode
);

our @OPERA_TESTS = qw(
    opera3      opera4     opera5
    opera6      opera7
);

our @AOL_TESTS = qw(
    aol3        aol4
    aol5        aol6
);

our @NETSCAPE_TESTS = qw(
    nav2   nav3   nav4
    nav4up nav45  nav45up
    nav6   nav6up navgold
);

# Firefox variants
our @FIREFOX_TESTS = qw(
    firebird    iceweasel   phoenix
    namoroka
    fxios
);

# Engine tests
our @ENGINE_TESTS = qw(
    gecko       trident     webkit
    presto      khtml       edgehtml
    blink
);

# These bot names get turned into methods.  Crazy, right?  (I don't even think
# this is documented anymore.)  We'll leave this in place for back compat, but
# we won't add any new methods moving forward.

my @OLD_ROBOT_TESTS = qw(
    ahrefs
    altavista
    amazonbot
    apache
    askjeeves
    baidu
    bingbot
    curl
    facebook
    getright
    golib
    google
    googleadsbot
    googleadsense
    googlebotimage
    googlebotnews
    googlebotvideo
    googlefavicon
    googlemobile
    indy
    infoseek
    ipsagent
    java
    linkchecker
    linkexchange
    lwp
    lycos
    malware
    mj12bot
    msn
    msnmobile
    msoffice
    nutch
    phplib
    puf
    pythonurllib
    rubylib
    slurp
    specialarchiver
    wget
    yahoo
    yandex
    yandeximages
    headlesschrome
);

our @ROBOT_TESTS = (
    [ 'Applebot',                           'apple' ],
    [ 'baiduspider',                        'baidu' ],
    [ 'bitlybot',                           'bitly' ],
    [ 'developers.google.com//web/snippet', 'google-plus-snippet' ],
    [ 'Discordbot',                         'discordbot' ],
    [ 'embedly',                            'embedly' ],
    [ 'facebookexternalhit',                'facebook' ],
    [ 'flipboard',                          'flipboard' ],
    [ 'Google Page Speed',                  'google-page-speed' ],
    [ 'ltx71',                              'ltx71' ],
    [ 'linkedinbot',                        'linkedin' ],
    [ 'nuzzel',                             'nuzzel' ],
    [ 'outbrain',                           'outbrain' ],
    [ 'pinterest/0.',                       'pinterest' ],
    [ 'pinterestbot',                       'pinterest' ],
    [ 'Pro-Sitemaps',                       'pro-sitemaps' ],
    [ 'quora link preview',                 'quora-link-preview' ],
    [ 'Qwantify',                           'qwantify' ],
    [ 'redditbot',                          'reddit', ],
    [ 'researchscan',                       'researchscan' ],
    [ 'rogerbot',                           'rogerbot' ],
    [ 'ShowyouBot',                         'showyou' ],
    [ 'SkypeUriPreview',                    'skype-uri-preview' ],
    [ 'slackbot',                           'slack' ],
    [ 'Swiftbot',                           'swiftbot' ],
    [ 'tumblr',                             'tumblr' ],
    [ 'twitterbot',                         'twitter' ],
    [ 'vkShare',                            'vkshare' ],
    [ 'W3C_Validator',                      'w3c-validator' ],
    [ 'WhatsApp',                           'whatsapp' ],
    [ 'Amazonbot',                          'amazonbot' ],
);

our @MISC_TESTS = qw(
    dotnet      x11
    webview
    meta_app
);

our @ALL_TESTS = (
    @OS_TESTS,        @WINDOWS_TESTS,
    @MAC_TESTS,       @UNIX_TESTS,
    @BSD_TESTS,       @GAMING_TESTS,
    @DEVICE_TESTS,    @BROWSER_TESTS,
    @IE_TESTS,        @OPERA_TESTS,
    @AOL_TESTS,       @NETSCAPE_TESTS,
    @FIREFOX_TESTS,   @ENGINE_TESTS,
    @OLD_ROBOT_TESTS, @MISC_TESTS,
);

# https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/1061943?hl=en

my %ROBOT_NAMES = (
    ahrefs                => 'Ahrefs',
    altavista             => 'AltaVista',
    amazonbot             => 'Amazonbot',
    'apache-http-client'  => 'Apache HttpClient',
    apple                 => 'Apple',
    'archive-org'         => 'Internet Archive',
    askjeeves             => 'AskJeeves',
    baidu                 => 'Baidu',
    baiduspider           => 'Baidu Spider',
    bingbot               => 'Bingbot',
    bitly                 => 'Bitly',
    curl                  => 'curl',
    discordbot            => 'Discord',
    embedly               => 'Embedly',
    facebook              => 'Facebook',
    facebookexternalhit   => 'Facebook',
    flipboard             => 'Flipboard',
    getright              => 'GetRight',
    golib                 => 'Go language http library',
    google                => 'Googlebot',
    'google-adsbot'       => 'Google AdsBot',
    'google-adsense'      => 'Google AdSense',
    'googlebot'           => 'Googlebot',
    'googlebot-image'     => 'Googlebot Images',
    'googlebot-mobile'    => 'Googlebot Mobile',
    'googlebot-news'      => 'Googlebot News',
    'googlebot-video'     => 'Googlebot Video',
    'google-favicon'      => 'Google Favicon',
    'google-mobile'       => 'Googlebot Mobile',
    'google-page-speed'   => 'Google Page Speed',
    'google-plus-snippet' => 'Google+ Snippet',
    'indy-library'        => 'Indy Library',
    infoseek              => 'InfoSeek',
    java                  => 'Java',
    'libwww-perl'         => 'LWP::UserAgent',
    linkchecker           => 'LinkChecker',
    linkedin              => 'LinkedIn',
    linkexchange          => 'LinkExchange',
    ltx71                 => 'ltx71',
    lycos                 => 'Lycos',
    malware               => 'Malware / hack attempt',
    'microsoft-office'    => 'Microsoft Office',
    mj12bot               => 'Majestic-12 DSearch',
    msn                   => 'MSN',
    'msn-mobile'          => 'MSN Mobile',
    nutch                 => 'Apache Nutch',
    nuzzel                => 'Nuzzel',
    outbrain              => 'Outbrain',
    phplib                => 'PHP http library',
    pinterest             => 'Pinterest',
    'pro-sitemaps'        => 'Pro Sitemap Service',
    puf                   => 'puf',
    'python-urllib'       => 'Python-urllib',
    'quora-link-preview'  => 'Quora Link Preview',
    qwantify              => 'Qwantify',
    researchscan          => 'Researchscan RWTH Aachen',
    reddit                => 'Reddit',
    robot                 => 'robot',
    rogerbot              => 'Moz',
    'ruby-http-library'   => 'Ruby http library',
    showyou               => 'Showyou',
    'skype-uri-preview'   => 'Skype URI Preview',
    slack                 => 'slack',
    swiftbot              => 'Swiftbot',
    tumblr                => 'Tumblr',
    twitter               => 'Twitter',
    unknown               => 'Unknown Bot',
    'verisign-ips-agent'  => 'Verisign ips-agent',
    vkshare               => 'VK Share',
    'w3c-validator'       => 'W3C Validator',
    wget                  => 'Wget',
    whatsapp              => 'WhatsApp',
    yahoo                 => 'Yahoo',
    'yahoo-slurp'         => 'Yahoo! Slurp',
    yandex                => 'Yandex',
    'yandex-images'       => 'YandexImages',
    'headless-chrome'     => 'HeadlessChrome',
);

my %ROBOT_IDS = (
    ahrefs          => 'ahrefs',
    altavista       => 'altavista',
    apache          => 'apache-http-client',
    askjeeves       => 'askjeeves',
    baidu           => 'baidu',
    baiduspider     => 'baidu',
    bingbot         => 'bingbot',
    curl            => 'curl',
    facebook        => 'facebook',
    getright        => 'getright',
    golib           => 'golib',
    google          => 'googlebot',
    googleadsbot    => 'google-adsbot',
    googleadsense   => 'google-adsense',
    googlebotimage  => 'googlebot-image',
    googlebotnews   => 'googlebot-news',
    googlebotvideo  => 'googlebot-video',
    googlefavicon   => 'google-favicon',
    googlemobile    => 'googlebot-mobile',
    indy            => 'indy-library',
    infoseek        => 'infoseek',
    ipsagent        => 'verisign-ips-agent',
    java            => 'java',
    linkchecker     => 'linkchecker',
    linkexchange    => 'linkexchange',
    ltx71           => 'ltx71',
    lwp             => 'libwww-perl',
    lycos           => 'lycos',
    malware         => 'malware',
    mj12bot         => 'mj12bot',
    msn             => 'msn',
    msnmobile       => 'msn-mobile',
    msoffice        => 'microsoft-office',
    nutch           => 'nutch',
    phplib          => 'phplib',
    puf             => 'puf',
    pythonurllib    => 'python-urllib',
    robot           => 'robot',
    rubylib         => 'ruby-http-library',
    researchscan    => 'researchscan',
    slurp           => 'yahoo-slurp',
    specialarchiver => 'archive-org',
    wget            => 'wget',
    yahoo           => 'yahoo',
    yandex          => 'yandex',
    yandeximages    => 'yandex-images',
    headlesschrome  => 'headless-chrome',
    amazonbot       => 'amazonbot',
);

my %BROWSER_NAMES = (
    adm              => 'Android Download Manager',
    aol              => 'AOL Browser',
    applecoremedia   => 'AppleCoreMedia',
    blackberry       => 'BlackBerry',
    brave            => 'Brave',
    browsex          => 'BrowseX',
    chrome           => 'Chrome',
    curl             => 'curl',
    dalvik           => 'Dalvik',
    dsi              => 'Nintendo DSi',
    edge             => 'Edge',
    elinks           => 'ELinks',
    epiphany         => 'Epiphany',
    firefox          => 'Firefox',
    galeon           => 'Galeon',
    icab             => 'iCab',
    iceweasel        => 'IceWeasel',
    ie               => 'MSIE',
    imagesearcherpro => 'ImageSearcherPro',
    instagram        => 'Instagram',
    konqueror        => 'Konqueror',
    links            => 'Links',
    lotusnotes       => 'Lotus Notes',
    lynx             => 'Lynx',
    mobile_safari    => 'Mobile Safari',
    mosaic           => 'Mosaic',
    mozilla          => 'Mozilla',
    n3ds             => 'Nintendo 3DS',
    netfront         => 'NetFront',
    netscape         => 'Netscape',
    obigo            => 'Obigo',
    opera            => 'Opera',
    polaris          => 'Polaris',
    pubsub           => 'Safari RSS Reader',
    puf              => 'puf',
    realplayer       => 'RealPlayer',
    safari           => 'Safari',
    samsung          => 'Samsung',
    seamonkey        => 'SeaMonkey',
    silk             => 'Silk',
    staroffice       => 'StarOffice',
    ucbrowser        => 'UCBrowser',
    webtv            => 'WebTV',
    yandex_browser   => 'Yandex Browser',
);

# Device names
my %DEVICE_NAMES = (
    android    => 'Android',
    audrey     => 'Audrey',
    blackberry => 'BlackBerry',
    dsi        => 'Nintendo DSi',
    iopener    => 'iopener',
    ipad       => 'iPad',
    iphone     => 'iPhone',
    ipod       => 'iPod',
    kindle     => 'Amazon Kindle',
    n3ds       => 'Nintendo 3DS',
    palm       => 'Palm',
    ps3        => 'Sony PlayStation 3',
    psp        => 'Sony PlayStation Portable',
    wap        => 'WAP capable phone',
    webos      => 'webOS',
);

my %OS_NAMES = (
    amiga       => 'Amiga',
    android     => 'Android',
    bb10        => 'BlackBerry 10',
    brew        => 'Brew',
    chromeos    => 'Chrome OS',
    firefoxos   => 'Firefox OS',
    ios         => 'iOS',
    linux       => 'Linux',
    mac         => 'Mac',
    macosx      => 'Mac OS X',
    os2         => 'OS/2',
    ps3gameos   => 'Playstation 3 GameOS',
    pspgameos   => 'Playstation Portable GameOS',
    rimtabletos => 'RIM Tablet OS',
    unix        => 'Unix',
    vms         => 'VMS',
    win2k       => 'Win2k',
    win2k3      => 'Win2k3',
    win3x       => 'Win3x',
    win7        => 'Win7',
    win8        => 'Win8',
    win8_0      => 'Win8.0',
    win8_1      => 'Win8.1',
    win10       => 'Win10',
    win10_0     => 'Win10.0',
    win95       => 'Win95',
    win98       => 'Win98',
    winme       => 'WinME',
    winnt       => 'WinNT',
    winphone    => 'Windows Phone',
    winvista    => 'WinVista',
    winxp       => 'WinXP',
);

# Safari build -> version map for versions prior to 3.0
# (since then, version appears in the user-agent string)

my %safari_build_to_version = qw(
    48      0.8
    51      0.8.1
    60      0.8.2
    73      0.9
    74      1.0b2v74
    85      1.0
    85.7    1.0.2
    85.8    1.0.3
    100     1.1
    100.1   1.1.1
    125     1.2
    125.1   1.2.1
    125.7   1.2.2
    125.9   1.2.3
    125.11  1.2.4
    312     1.3
    312.3   1.3.1
    312.5   1.3.2
    412     2.0
    412.5   2.0.1
    416.12  2.0.2
    417.8   2.0.3
    419.3   2.0.4
);

#######################################################################################################
# BROWSER OBJECT

my $default = undef;

sub new {
    my ( $class, $user_agent ) = @_;

    my $self = {};
    bless $self, $class;

    unless ( defined $user_agent ) {
        $user_agent = $ENV{'HTTP_USER_AGENT'};
    }

    $self->{user_agent} = defined $user_agent ? $user_agent : q{};
    $self->_init_core;

    return $self;
}

### Accessors for computed-on-demand test attributes

foreach my $test ( @ENGINE_TESTS, @MISC_TESTS ) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        return $self->{tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

foreach my $test (
    @OS_TESTS,  @WINDOWS_TESTS, @MAC_TESTS, @UNIX_TESTS,
    @BSD_TESTS, @GAMING_TESTS
) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        $self->_init_os() unless $self->{os_tests};
        return $self->{os_tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

foreach my $test ( @BROWSER_TESTS, @FIREFOX_TESTS ) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        return $self->{browser_tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

foreach my $test (@OLD_ROBOT_TESTS) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';

    # For the 'robot' test, we return undef instead of 0 if it's
    # false, to match os() and browser() and the like.
    my $false_result = ( $test eq 'robot' ? undef : 0 );

    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        $self->_init_robots() unless $self->{robot_tests};
        return $self->{robot_tests}->{$test} || $false_result;
    };
}

foreach my $test (
    @NETSCAPE_TESTS, @IE_TESTS, @AOL_TESTS,
    @OPERA_TESTS
) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};
        return $self->{version_tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

foreach my $test (@DEVICE_TESTS) {
    ## no critic (TestingAndDebugging::ProhibitNoStrict)
    no strict 'refs';
    *{$test} = sub {
        my ($self) = @_;
        $self->_init_device() unless $self->{device_tests};
        return $self->{device_tests}->{$test} || 0;
    };
}

sub user_agent {
    my ( $self, $user_agent ) = @_;
    if ( defined($user_agent) ) {
        die
            'Calling HTTP::BrowserDetect::user_agent() with an argument is no longer allowed; please use new().';
    }
    else {
        return $self->{user_agent};
    }
}

### Code for initializing various pieces of the object. Since it would
### be needlessly slow if we examined every user agent for every piece
### of information we might possibly need, we only initialize things
### when they're actually queried about. Specifically:
###
### _init_core() sets up:
###     $self->{browser_tests}
###     $self->{browser}
###     $self->{browser_string}
###     $self->{tests}
###     $self->{engine_version}
###     $self->{realplayer_version}
###
### _init_version() sets up:
###     $self->{version_tests}
###     $self->{major}
###     $self->{minor}
###     $self->{beta}
###     $self->{realplayer_version}
###
### _init_os() sets up:
###     $self->{os}
###     $self->{os_string}
###     $self->{os_tests}
###     $self->{os_version}
###
### _init_os_version() sets up:
###     $self->{os_version}
###
### _init_device() sets up:
###     $self->{device_tests}
###     $self->{device}
###     $self->{device_string}
###
### _init_robots() sets up:
###     $self->{robot}
###     $self->{robot_tests}
###     $self->{robot_string}
###     $self->{robot_version}
###

# Private method -- Set up the basics (browser and misc attributes)
# for a new user-agent string
sub _init_core {
    my ( $self, $new_ua ) = @_;

    my $ua = lc $self->{user_agent};

    # any UA via Google Translate gets this appended
    $ua =~ s{,gzip\(gfe\)\z}{};

    # These get filled in immediately
    $self->{tests}         = {};
    $self->{browser_tests} = {};

    my $tests          = $self->{tests};
    my $browser_tests  = $self->{browser_tests};
    my $browser        = undef;
    my $browser_string = undef;

    # Detect engine
    $self->{engine_version} = undef;

    if ( $ua =~ m{edge/([\d\.]+)} ) {
        $tests->{edgehtml}      = 1;
        $self->{engine_version} = $1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /trident\/([\w\.\d]*)/ ) {
        $tests->{trident}       = 1;
        $self->{engine_version} = $1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'gecko' ) != -1 && index( $ua, 'like gecko' ) == -1 )
    {
        $tests->{gecko} = 1;
        if ( $ua =~ /\([^)]*rv:([\w.\d]*)/ ) {
            $self->{engine_version} = $1;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{applewebkit/([\d.\+]+)} && not $tests->{edgehtml} ) {

        # Chrome 28+ uses Blink (fork of WebKit). We detect Chrome 38+ as Blink.
        # Chrome versions before 38 are considered WebKit for compatibility.
        my $webkit_version = $1;
        my $is_blink       = 0;

        # Check if this is Chrome/Chromium and extract version
        if ( $ua =~ m{(?:chrome|chromium|crios)/(\d+)} ) {
            my $chrome_version = $1;
            if ( $chrome_version >= 38 ) {
                $is_blink = 1;
            }
        }

        if ($is_blink) {
            $tests->{blink}         = 1;
            $self->{engine_version} = $webkit_version;
        }
        else {
            $tests->{webkit}        = 1;
            $self->{engine_version} = $webkit_version;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{presto/([\d.]+)} ) {
        $tests->{presto}        = 1;
        $self->{engine_version} = $1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{khtml/([\d.]+)} ) {
        $tests->{khtml}         = 1;
        $self->{engine_version} = $1;
    }

    # Detect browser

    if ( index( $ua, 'galeon' ) != -1 ) {

        # Needs to go above firefox

        $browser = 'galeon';
        $browser_tests->{galeon} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'epiphany' ) != -1 ) {

        # Needs to go above firefox + mozilla

        $browser = 'epiphany';
        $browser_tests->{epiphany} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{(?:edg|edga|edgios)/[\d.]+} ) {
        $browser        = 'edge';
        $browser_string = 'Edge';

        $browser_tests->{edge} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{edge/[\d.]+} ) {
        $browser        = 'edge';
        $browser_string = 'Edge';

        $browser_tests->{edgelegacy} = 1;
    }
    elsif (
        $ua =~ m{
                (firebird|iceweasel|phoenix|namoroka|firefox|fxios)
                \/
                ( [^.]* )           # Major version number is everything before first dot
                \.                  # The first dot
                ( [\d]* )           # Minor version number is digits after first dot
            }xo
        && index( $ua, 'not firefox' ) == -1
        )    # Hack for Yahoo Slurp
    {
        # Browser is Firefox, possibly under an alternate name

        $browser        = 'firefox';
        $browser_string = ucfirst( $1 eq 'fxios' ? $browser : $1 );

        $browser_tests->{$1} = 1;
        $browser_tests->{firefox} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m{ \[ FB (?: AN | _IAB ) }x ) {
        $browser_string = $self->_match(
            [ 'Facebook', '[FB_IAB/FB4A', '[FBAN/FBIOS' ],
            [ 'Facebook Lite', '[FBAN/EMA' ],
            [
                'Facebook Messenger', '[FB_IAB/Orca-Android',
                '[FB_IAB/MESSENGER',  '[FBAN/MessengerForiOS'
            ],
            [
                'Facebook Messenger Lite', '[FBAN/mLite',
                '[FBAN/MessengerLiteForiOS'
            ],
        ) || 'Meta App';
        $browser = lc $browser_string;
        $browser =~ tr/ /_/;
        $tests->{meta_app} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{opera|opr\/} ) {

        # Browser is Opera

        $browser = 'opera';
        $browser_tests->{opera} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $tests->{trident}
        || index( $ua, 'msie' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'microsoft internet explorer' ) != -1 ) {

        # Browser is MSIE (possibly AOL branded)

        $browser = 'ie';
        $browser_tests->{ie} = 1;

        if (   index( $ua, 'aol' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'america online browser' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser_string = 'AOL Browser';
            $browser_tests->{aol} = 1;
        }

        # Disabled for now -- need to figure out how to deal with version numbers
        #elsif ( index ( $ua, 'acoobrowser' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Acoo Browser';
        #}
        #elsif ( index( $ua, 'avant' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Avant Browser';
        #}
        #elsif ( index( $ua, 'crazy browser' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Crazy Browser';
        #}
        #elsif ( index( $ua, 'deepnet explorer' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Deepnet Explorer';
        #}
        #elsif ( index( $ua, 'maxthon' ) != -1 ) {
        #    $browser_string = 'Maxthon';
        #}
    }
    elsif ( 0 < index $self->{user_agent}, ' Instagram ' ) {
        $browser = 'instagram';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'brave' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Chrome, it includes 'like Chrome/'

        $browser = 'brave';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'silk' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Chrome, it includes 'like Chrome/'

        $browser = 'silk';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'samsungbrowser' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Chrome, it includes 'Chrome/'
        $browser = 'samsung';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ucbrowser' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Safari, Mozilla and Chrome

        $browser = 'ucbrowser';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( 0 < index $self->{user_agent}, ' YaBrowser/' ) {
        $browser = 'yandex_browser';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'chrome/' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'crios' ) != -1 ) {

        # Browser is Chrome

        $browser = 'chrome';
        $browser_tests->{chrome} = 1;

        if ( index( $ua, 'chromium' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser_string = 'Chromium';
        }
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'blackberry' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'bb10' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'rim tablet os' ) != -1 ) {

        # Has to go above Safari
        $browser = 'blackberry';    # test gets set during device check
    }
    elsif (( index( $ua, 'safari' ) != -1 )
        || ( index( $ua, 'applewebkit' ) != -1 ) ) {

        # Browser is Safari

        $browser_tests->{safari} = 1;
        $browser = 'safari';
        if (   index( $ua, ' mobile safari/' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'mobilesafari' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser_string = 'Mobile Safari';
            $browser_tests->{mobile_safari} = 1;
        }
        if ( index( $ua, 'puffin' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser_string = 'Puffin';
        }
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'neoplanet' ) != -1 ) {

        # Browser is Neoplanet

        $browser                     = 'ie';
        $browser_tests->{$browser}   = 1;
        $browser_tests->{neoplanet}  = 1;
        $browser_tests->{neoplanet2} = 1 if ( index( $ua, '2.' ) != -1 );
    }

    ## The following browsers all need to be tested for *before*
    ## Mozilla, otherwise we'll think they are Mozilla because they
    ## look very much like it.
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'webtv' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'webtv';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nintendo 3ds' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'n3ds';    # Test gets set during device check
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nintendo dsi' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'dsi';     # Test gets set during device check
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'playstation 3' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'playstation portable' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'netfront' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'netfront';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'browsex' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'browsex';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'polaris' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'polaris';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }

    ## At this point if it looks like Mozilla but we haven't found
    ## anything else for it to be, it's probably Mozilla.
    elsif (index( $ua, 'mozilla' ) != -1
        && index( $ua, 'compatible' ) == -1 ) {

        # Browser is a Gecko-powered Netscape (i.e. Mozilla) version

        $browser = 'mozilla';
        if ( index( $ua, 'netscape' ) != -1
            || !$tests->{gecko} ) {
            $browser = 'netscape';
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'seamonkey' ) != -1 ) {
            $browser = 'seamonkey';
        }
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
        $browser_tests->{netscape} = 1;
        $browser_tests->{mozilla}  = ( $tests->{gecko} );
    }

    ## Long series of unlikely browsers (ones that don't look like Mozilla)
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'staroffice' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'staroffice';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'icab' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'icab';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'lotus-notes' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'lotusnotes';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'konqueror' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'konqueror';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'lynx' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'lynx';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'elinks' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'elinks';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'links' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'links';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'mosaic' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'mosaic';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'emacs' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'emacs';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'obigo' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'obigo';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'teleca' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser                   = 'obigo';
        $browser_string            = 'Teleca';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'libcurl' ) != -1 || $ua =~ /^curl/ ) {
        $browser = 'curl';    # Test gets set during robot check
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'puf/' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'puf';     # Test gets set during robot check
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'applecoremedia/' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'applecoremedia';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'androiddownloadmanager' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'adm';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'dalvik' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'dalvik';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'apple-pubsub' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'pubsub';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'imagesearcherpro' ) != -1 ) {
        $browser = 'imagesearcherpro';
        $browser_tests->{$browser} = 1;
    }

    $self->{browser}        = $browser;
    $self->{browser_string} = $browser_string || $BROWSER_NAMES{$browser}
        if defined $browser;

    # Other random tests

    $tests->{x11}    = 1 if index( $ua, 'x11' ) != -1;
    $tests->{dotnet} = 1 if index( $ua, '.net clr' ) != -1;

    if ( index( $ua, 'realplayer' ) != -1 ) {

        # Hack for Realplayer -- fix the version and 'real' browser

        $self->_init_version;  # Set appropriate tests for whatever the 'real'
                               # browser is.

        # Now set the browser to Realplayer.
        $self->{browser}             = 'realplayer';
        $self->{browser_string}      = 'RealPlayer';
        $browser_tests->{realplayer} = 1;

        # Now override the version with the Realplayer version (but leave
        # alone the tests we already set, which might have been based on the
        # 'real' browser's version).
        $self->{realplayer_version} = undef;

        if ( $ua =~ /realplayer\/([\d+\.]+)/ ) {
            $self->{realplayer_version} = $1;
            ( $self->{major}, $self->{minor} )
                = split( /\./, $self->{realplayer_version} );
            $self->{minor} = ".$self->{minor}" if defined $self->{minor};
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ /realplayer\s(\w+)/ ) {
            $self->{realplayer_version} = $1;
        }
    }

    if ( index( $ua, '(r1 ' ) != -1 ) {

        # Realplayer plugin -- don't override browser but do set property
        $browser_tests->{realplayer} = 1;
    }

    # Details: https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/user-agent#webview_user_agent
    # WebView is identified by the '; wv)' marker in the user agent string.
    # Prior to this fix, we incorrectly checked for Chrome version >= 30, which
    # caused false positives for regular Chrome browsers on Android.
    if ( $self->android && index( $ua, '; wv)' ) != -1 ) {
        $tests->{webview} = 1;
    }

}

# match strings or regexps against user_agent
# pass specs as list of [ 'thing to return', …tests… ]
sub _match {
    my ( $self, @specs ) = @_;
    for my $spec (@specs) {
        my ( $ret, @tests ) = @{$spec};
        for my $m (@tests) {
            return $ret if !ref $m && 0 < index $self->{user_agent}, $m;
            return $ret if 'Regexp' eq ref $m && $self->{user_agent} =~ $m;
        }
    }
}

# Any of these fragments within a user-agent generally indicates it's
# a robot.
my @ROBOT_FRAGMENTS = qw(
    agent
    analy
    appender
    babya
    checker
    bot
    copy
    crawl
    explorador
    fetch
    find
    ia_archive
    index
    netcraft
    reap
    resolver
    sleuth
    scan
    service
    spider
    thumbtack-thunderdome
    tiscali
    validator
    verif
    webcapture
    worm
    zyborg
);

my %ROBOT_FRAGMENT_EXCEPTIONS = (
    bot => ['cubot'],
);

sub _init_robots {
    my $self = shift;

    my $ua            = lc $self->{user_agent};
    my $tests         = $self->{tests};
    my $browser_tests = $self->{browser_tests};

    my $robot_tests = $self->{robot_tests} = {};
    my $id;
    my $r;

    my $robot_fragment;    # The text that indicates it's a robot (we'll
                           # use this later to detect robot version, and
                           # maybe robot_string)

    if ( index( $ua, 'libwww-perl' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'lwp-' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'lwp';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = (
            ( index( $ua, 'libwww-perl' ) != -1 ) ? 'libwww-perl' : 'lwp-' );
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'slurp' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'slurp';
        $robot_tests->{yahoo} = 1;
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'yahoo' ) != -1
        && index( $ua, 'jp.co.yahoo' ) == -1 ) {
        $r = 'yahoo';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'msnbot-mobile' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'msnmobile';
        $robot_tests->{msn} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'msnbot';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'bingbot-mobile' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                      = 'bingbot';
        $robot_tests->{bingbot} = 1;
        $robot_fragment         = 'bingbot';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'msnbot' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'msn';
        $robot_fragment = 'msnbot';
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'binglocalsearch' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'bingbot' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'bingpreview' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                      = 'bingbot';
        $robot_tests->{bingbot} = 1;
        $robot_fragment         = 'bingbot';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'microsoft office existence discovery' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'msoffice';
        $robot_fragment = 'office';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ahrefsbot' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'ahrefs';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'altavista' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'altavista';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'apache-httpclient' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'apache';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{\( *\) *\{ *\: *\; *} ) {

        # Shellcode for spawning a process, i.e. (){:;} with some kind of whitespace interleaved
        $r = 'malware';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ask jeeves/teoma' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'askjeeves';
        $robot_fragment = 'teoma';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'baiduspider' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'baidu';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'libcurl' ) != -1 || $ua =~ /^curl/ ) {
        $r = 'curl';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'facebookexternalhit' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'facebook';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'getright' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'getright';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'adsbot-google' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googleadsbot';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'adsbot-google';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'mediapartners-google' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googleadsense';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'mediapartners-google';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'google favicon' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlefavicon';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'favicon';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot-image' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlebotimage';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'googlebot-image';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot-news' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlebotnews';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'googlebot-news';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot-video' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlebotvideo';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'googlebot-video';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot-mobile' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                     = 'googlemobile';
        $robot_tests->{google} = 1;
        $robot_fragment        = 'googlebot-mobile';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'googlebot' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'google';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{go.*package http} ) {
        $r                  = 'golib';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'package';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{^http_request} ) {
        $r                  = 'phplib';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'http_request';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{^http_request} ) {
        $r = 'phplib';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'indy library' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'indy';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'infoseek' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'infoseek';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ips-agent' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'ipsagent';
        $robot_fragment = 'ips-agent';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'lecodechecker' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'linkexchange';
        $robot_fragment = 'lecodechecker';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'linkchecker' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'linkchecker';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'lycos' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'lycos';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'mechanize' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'rubylib';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'mechanize';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'mj12bot/' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'mj12bot';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nutch' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'nutch';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'puf/' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'puf';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'scooter' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'scooter';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'special_archiver' ) != -1 ) {
        $r              = 'specialarchiver';
        $robot_fragment = 'special_archiver';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'wget' ) == 0 ) {
        $r = 'wget';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'yandexbot' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'yandex';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'yandeximages' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'yandeximages';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'headlesschrome' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'headlesschrome';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{^java} && !$self->{browser} ) {
        $r = 'java';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'jdk' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'java';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'jdk';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'jakarta commons-httpclient' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'java';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'jakarta';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'google-http-java-client' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'java';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'google';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'python-urllib' ) != -1 ) {
        $r                  = 'pythonurllib';
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
        $robot_fragment     = 'python-urllib';
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'researchscan.comsys.rwth-aachen.de' ) != -1 ) {
        $r = 'researchscan';
    }

    # These @ROBOT_TESTS were added in 3.15.  Some of them may need more
    # individualized treatment, but get them identified as bots for now.

    # XXX
    else {
    TEST:
        for my $set (@ROBOT_TESTS) {
            my $match = lc $set->[0];

            if ( index( $ua, lc($match) ) != -1 ) {
                $id             = $set->[1];
                $r              = $id;
                $robot_fragment = lc $match;
                last TEST;
            }
        }
    }

    if (   $browser_tests->{applecoremedia}
        || $browser_tests->{dalvik}
        || $browser_tests->{adm} ) {
        $robot_tests->{lib} = 1;
    }

    if ($r) {

        # Got a named robot
        $robot_tests->{$r} = 1;
        if ( !$id ) {
            $id = $ROBOT_IDS{$r};
        }

        if ( !exists $robot_tests->{robot_id} ) {
            $robot_tests->{robot_id} = $id;
        }

        # This isn't all keyed on ids (yet)
        $self->{robot_string} = $ROBOT_NAMES{$id} || $ROBOT_NAMES{$r};
        $robot_tests->{robot} = $r;
        $robot_fragment       = $r if !defined $robot_fragment;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /seek (?! mo (?: toolbar )? \s+ \d+\.\d+ )/x ) {

        # Store the fragment for later, to determine full name
        $robot_fragment = 'seek';
        $robot_tests->{robot} = 'unknown';
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /search (?! [\w\s]* toolbar \b | bar \b | erpro \b )/x ) {

        # Store the fragment for later, to determine full name
        $robot_fragment = 'search';
        $robot_tests->{robot} = 'unknown';
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent} =~ /([\w \/\.\-]+)[ \;\(\)]*\+https?\:/i ) {

        # Something followed by +http
        $self->{robot_string} = $1;
        $self->{robot_string} =~ s/^ *(.+?)[ \;\(\)]*?( *\/[\d\.]+ *)?$/$1/;
        $robot_fragment = $1;
        $robot_tests->{robot} = 'unknown';
    }
    else {
        # See if we have a simple fragment
    FRAGMENT:
        for my $fragment (@ROBOT_FRAGMENTS) {
            if ( $ROBOT_FRAGMENT_EXCEPTIONS{$fragment} ) {
                for my $exception (
                    @{ $ROBOT_FRAGMENT_EXCEPTIONS{$fragment} || [] } ) {
                    if ( index( $ua, $exception ) != -1 ) {
                        next FRAGMENT;
                    }
                }
            }

            if ( index( $ua, $fragment ) != -1 ) {
                $robot_fragment = $fragment;
                $robot_tests->{robot} = 'unknown';
                last;
            }
        }
    }

    if ( exists $robot_tests->{robot} && $robot_tests->{robot} eq 'unknown' )
    {
        $robot_tests->{robot_id} = 'unknown';
    }

    if ( defined $robot_fragment ) {

        # Examine what surrounds the fragment; that leads us to the
        # version and the string (if we haven't explicitly set one).

        if (
            $self->{user_agent} =~ m{\s*                # Beginning whitespace
                                      ([\w .:,\-\@\/]*  # Words before fragment
                                       $robot_fragment  # Match the fragment
                                       [\w .:,\-\@\/]*) # Words after fragment
                                     }ix
        ) {
            my $full_string = $1;
            $full_string =~ s/ *$//;    # Trim whitespace at end
            if (
                   $self->{user_agent} eq $full_string
                && $self->{user_agent} =~ m{\/.*\/}
                && $self->{user_agent} =~ m{
                                      ([\w]*               # Words before fragment
                                           $robot_fragment     # Match the fragment
                                           (\/[\d\.]+)?        # Version
                                           [\w]*)              # Beta stuff
                                         }ix
            ) {
                # We matched the whole string, but it seems to
                # make more sense as whitespace-separated
                # 'thing/ver' tokens
                $full_string = $1;
            }

            # Figure out robot version based on the string
            if (    $full_string
                and $full_string =~ s/[\/ \.v]*(\d+)(\.\d+)?([\.\w]*)$// ) {
                $self->{robot_version} = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
            }
            else {
                $self->{robot_version} = undef;
            }

            # Set robot_string, if we don't already have an explicitly set
            # one
            if ( !defined $self->{robot_string} ) {
                $self->{robot_string} = $full_string;
            }
        }
    }

    if ( !exists( $self->{robot_version} ) ) {
        $self->{robot_version} = undef;
    }
}

### OS tests, only run on demand

sub _init_os {
    my $self = shift;

    my $tests         = $self->{tests};
    my $browser_tests = $self->{browser_tests};
    my $ua            = lc $self->{user_agent};

    my $os_tests  = $self->{os_tests} = {};
    my $os        = undef;
    my $os_string = undef;

    # Windows

    if ( index( $ua, '16bit' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                = 'windows';
        $os_string         = '16-bit Windows';
        $os_tests->{win16} = $os_tests->{windows} = 1;
    }

    if ( index( $ua, 'win' ) != -1 ) {
        if (   index( $ua, 'win16' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows 3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows 16-bit' ) != -1 ) {
            $os_tests->{win16} = 1;
            $os_tests->{win3x} = 1;
            $os                = 'windows';
            if ( index( $ua, 'windows 3.1' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{win31} = 1;
                $os_string = 'Win3x';            # FIXME bug compatibility
            }
            else {
                $os_string = 'Win3x';
            }
        }
        elsif (index( $ua, 'win95' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows 95' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'Win95';
            $os_tests->{win95} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif (
            index( $ua, 'win 9x 4.90' ) != -1    # whatever
            || index( $ua, 'windows me' ) != -1
        ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'WinME';
            $os_tests->{winme} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif (index( $ua, 'win98' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows 98' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'Win98';
            $os_tests->{win98} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows 2000' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'Win2k';
            $os_tests->{win2k} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows ce' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'WinCE';
            $os_tests->{wince} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) != -1 ) {
            $os = 'winphone';
            $os_tests->{winphone} = 1;

            if ( index( $ua, 'windows phone os 7.0' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone7} = 1;
            }
            elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone os 7.5' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone7_5} = 1;
            }
            elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone 8.0' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone8} = 1;
            }
            elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone 8.1' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone8_1} = 1;
            }
            elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows phone 10.0' ) != -1 ) {
                $os_tests->{winphone10} = 1;
            }
        }
    }

    if ( index( $ua, 'nt' ) != -1 ) {
        if (   index( $ua, 'nt 5.0' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'nt5' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'Win2k';
            $os_tests->{win2k} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 5.1' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'WinXP';
            $os_tests->{winxp} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 5.2' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                 = 'windows';
            $os_string          = 'Win2k3';
            $os_tests->{win2k3} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 6.0' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                   = 'windows';
            $os_string            = 'WinVista';
            $os_tests->{winvista} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32}
                = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 6.1' ) != -1 ) {
            $os               = 'windows';
            $os_string        = 'Win7';
            $os_tests->{win7} = $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 6.2' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                 = 'windows';
            $os_string          = 'Win8.0';
            $os_tests->{win8_0} = $os_tests->{win8} = $os_tests->{winnt}
                = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 6.3' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                 = 'windows';
            $os_string          = 'Win8.1';
            $os_tests->{win8_1} = $os_tests->{win8} = $os_tests->{winnt}
                = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'nt 10.0' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                  = 'windows';
            $os_string           = 'Win10.0';
            $os_tests->{win10_0} = $os_tests->{win10} = $os_tests->{winnt}
                = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
        elsif (index( $ua, 'winnt' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'windows nt' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'nt4' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'nt3' ) != -1 ) {
            $os                = 'windows';
            $os_string         = 'WinNT';
            $os_tests->{winnt} = $os_tests->{win32} = 1;
        }
    }

    if ($os) {

        # windows, set through some path above
        $os_tests->{windows} = 1;
        $os_tests->{win32}   = 1 if index( $ua, 'win32' ) != -1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'macintosh' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'mac_' ) != -1 ) {

        # Mac operating systems
        $os_tests->{mac} = 1;
        if ( index( $ua, 'mac os x' ) != -1 ) {
            $os = 'macosx';
            $os_tests->{$os} = 1;
        }
        else {
            $os = 'mac';
        }
        if ( index( $ua, '68k' ) != -1 || index( $ua, '68000' ) != -1 ) {
            $os_tests->{mac68k} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( index( $ua, 'ppc' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'powerpc' ) != -1 ) {
            $os_tests->{macppc} = 1;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{\b(ipad|iphone|ipod)\b} ) {

        # iOS
        $os = 'ios';
        $os_tests->{$os} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'android' ) != -1 ) {

        # Android
        $os = 'android';    # Test gets set in the device testing
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'inux' ) != -1 ) {

        # Linux
        $os = 'linux';
        $os_tests->{linux} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $tests->{x11} && index( $ua, 'cros' ) != -1 ) {

        # ChromeOS
        $os = 'chromeos';
        $os_tests->{chromeos} = 1;
    }
    ## Long series of unlikely OSs
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'amiga' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'amiga';
        $os_tests->{$os} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'os/2' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'os2';
        $os_tests->{$os} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'solaris' ) != -1 ) {
        $os              = 'unix';
        $os_string       = 'Solaris';
        $os_tests->{sun} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'samsung' ) == -1 && index( $ua, 'sun' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                 = 'unix';
        $os_string          = 'SunOS';
        $os_tests->{sun}    = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{suni86} = 1 if index( $ua, 'i86' ) != -1;
        $os_tests->{sun4}   = 1 if index( $ua, 'sunos 4' ) != -1;
        $os_tests->{sun5}   = 1 if index( $ua, 'sunos 5' ) != -1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'irix' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                = 'unix';
        $os_string         = 'Irix';
        $os_tests->{irix}  = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{irix5} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'irix5' ) != -1 );
        $os_tests->{irix6} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'irix6' ) != -1 );
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'hp-ux' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                 = 'unix';
        $os_string          = 'HP-UX';
        $os_tests->{hpux}   = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{hpux9}  = 1 if index( $ua, '09.' ) != -1;
        $os_tests->{hpux10} = 1 if index( $ua, '10.' ) != -1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'aix' ) != -1 ) {
        $os               = 'unix';
        $os_string        = 'AIX';
        $os_tests->{aix}  = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{aix1} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'aix 1' ) != -1 );
        $os_tests->{aix2} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'aix 2' ) != -1 );
        $os_tests->{aix3} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'aix 3' ) != -1 );
        $os_tests->{aix4} = 1 if ( index( $ua, 'aix 4' ) != -1 );
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{\bsco\b} || index( $ua, 'unix_sv' ) != -1 ) {
        $os              = 'unix';
        $os_string       = 'SCO Unix';
        $os_tests->{sco} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'unix_system_v' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                   = 'unix';
        $os_string            = 'System V Unix';
        $os_tests->{unixware} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{\bncr\b} ) {
        $os                = 'unix';
        $os_string         = 'NCR Unix';
        $os_tests->{mpras} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'reliantunix' ) != -1 ) {
        $os                  = 'unix';
        $os_string           = 'Reliant Unix';
        $os_tests->{reliant} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'dec' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'osf1' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'declpha' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'alphaserver' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'ultrix' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'alphastation' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'unix';
        $os_tests->{dec} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'sinix' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'unix';
        $os_tests->{sinix} = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'bsd' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'unix';
        if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m{(\w*bsd\w*)}i ) {
            $os_string = $1;
        }
        $os_tests->{bsd}     = $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
        $os_tests->{freebsd} = 1 if index( $ua, 'freebsd' ) != -1;
    }
    elsif ( $tests->{x11} ) {

        # Some Unix we didn't identify
        $os = 'unix';
        $os_tests->{unix} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'vax' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'openvms' ) != -1 ) {

        $os = 'vms';
        $os_tests->{vms} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'bb10' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'bb10';
        $os_tests->{bb10} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'rim tablet os' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'rimtabletos';
        $os_tests->{rimtabletos} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'playstation 3' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'ps3gameos';
        $os_tests->{ps3gameos} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'playstation portable' ) != -1 ) {
        $os = 'pspgameos';
        $os_tests->{pspgameos} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'windows' ) != -1 ) {

        # Windows again, the super generic version
        $os_tests->{windows} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'win32' ) != -1 ) {
        $os_tests->{win32} = $os_tests->{windows} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m{(brew)|(\bbmp\b)}i ) {
        $os = 'brew';
        if ($1) {
            $os_string = 'Brew';
        }
        else {
            $os_string = 'Brew MP';
        }
        $os_tests->{brew} = 1;
    }
    else {
        $os = undef;
    }

    # To deal with FirefoxOS we seem to have to load-on-demand devices
    # also, by calling ->mobile and ->tablet. We have to be careful;
    # if we ever created a loop back from _init_devices to _init_os
    # we'd run forever.
    if (  !$os
        && $browser_tests->{firefox}
        && index( $ua, 'fennec' ) == -1
        && ( $self->mobile || $self->tablet ) ) {
        $os = 'firefoxos';
        $os_tests->{firefoxos} = 1;
    }

    $self->{os} = $os;
    if ( $os and !$os_string ) {
        $os_string = $OS_NAMES{$os};
    }
    $self->{os_string} = $os_string;
}

sub _init_os_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $os        = $self->os;
    my $os_string = $self->os_string;
    my $ua        = lc $self->{user_agent};

    my $os_version = undef;

    if ( !defined $os ) {

        # Nothing is going to work if we have no OS. Skip everything.
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'winphone' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{windows phone (?:os )?(\d+)(\.?\d*)([\.\d]*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'macosx' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{os x (\d+)[\._](\d+)[\._]?(\d*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, ".$2", length($3) ? ".$3" : q{} ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'ios' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{ os (\d+)[\._ ](\d+)[\._ ]?(\d*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, ".$2", length($3) ? ".$3" : q{} ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'chromeos' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{ cros \S* (\d+)(\.?\d*)([\.\d]*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'android' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{android (\d+)(\.?\d*)([\w\-\.]*)[\;\)]} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'firefoxos' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{firefox/(\d+)(\.?\d*)([\.\d]*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $1, $2, $3 ];
        }
    }
    elsif ( $os eq 'brew' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{(brew|\bbmp) (\d+)(\.?\d*)([\.\d]*)} ) {
            $os_version = [ $2, $3, $4 ];
        }
    }

    # Set the version. It might be set to undef, in which case we know
    # not to go through this next time.
    $self->{os_version} = $os_version;
}

### Version determination, only run on demand

sub _init_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $ua            = lc $self->{user_agent};
    my $tests         = $self->{tests};
    my $browser_tests = $self->{browser_tests};
    my $browser       = $self->{browser};

    $self->{version_tests} = {};
    my $version_tests = $self->{version_tests};

    my ( $major, $minor, $beta );

    ### First figure out version numbers. First, we test if we're
    ### using a browser that needs some special method to determine
    ### the version.

    if ( defined $browser && $browser eq 'opera' ) {

        # Opera has a 'compatible; ' section, but lies sometimes. It needs
        # special handling.

        # http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/opera-ua-string-changes/
        # http://my.opera.com/community/openweb/idopera/
        # Opera/9.80 (S60; SymbOS; Opera Mobi/320; U; sv) Presto/2.4.15 Version/10.00
        # Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/28.0.1500.52 Safari/537.36 OPR/15.0.1147.100

        if ( $ua =~ m{\AOpera.*\sVersion/(\d*)\.(\d*)\z}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{\bOPR/(\d+)\.(\d+)}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{Opera[ /](\d+).(\d+)}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
        }
    }
    elsif ( !defined $browser
        && $ua
        =~ m{\b compatible; \s* [\w\-]* [/\s] ( [0-9]+ ) (?: .([0-9]+) (\S*) )? ;}x
    ) {
        # MSIE and some others use a 'compatible' format
        # Only match when browser is not yet identified
        ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = ( $1, $2, $3 );
    }
    elsif ( !$browser ) {

        # Nothing else is going to work if $browser isn't defined; skip the
        # specific approaches and go straight to the generic ones.
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{edge} ) {
        ( $major, $minor, $beta )
            = $ua =~ m{Edge/(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?([\.\d]+)?}i;
        ( $major, $minor, $beta )
            = $ua =~ m{(?:Edg|EdgA|EdgiOS)/(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?([\.\d]+)?}i
            unless defined $major;
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{safari} ) {

        # Safari Version

        if (
            0
            && $ua =~ m{ # Disabled for bug compatibility
                version/
                ( \d+ )       # Major version number is everything before first dot
                \.            # First dot
                ( \d+ )?      # Minor version number follows dot
            }x
        ) {
            # Safari starting with version 3.0 provides its own public version
            ( $major, $minor ) = ( $1, $2, undef );
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{ safari/ ( \d+ (?: \.\d+ )* ) }x ) {
            if ( my ( $safari_build, $safari_minor ) = split /\./, $1 ) {
                $major = int( $safari_build / 100 );
                $minor = int( $safari_build % 100 );
                $beta  = ".$safari_minor" if defined $safari_minor;
            }
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{applewebkit\/([\d\.]{1,})}xi ) {
            if ( my ( $safari_build, $safari_minor ) = split /\./, $1 ) {
                $major = int( $safari_build / 100 );
                $minor = int( $safari_build % 100 );
                $beta  = ".$safari_minor" if $safari_minor;
            }
        }
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{fxios} ) {
        ( $major, $minor ) = $ua =~ m{ \b fxios/ (\d+) [.] (\d+) }x;
    }
    elsif ( $tests->{meta_app} ) {

        # init. in order to avoid guessing downstream
        ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = (q{}) x 3;

        # get version only from FBAV/ part
        if ( $ua =~ m{ \b fbav/ ([^;]*) }x ) {
            ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = split /[.]/, $1, 3;
            if ($beta) {

                # "minor" forcibly gets a "." prepended at the end of _init_version
                # while "beta" does not - yet it is documented to include the "."
                $beta = q{.} . $beta;
            }
        }
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{instagram} ) {
        ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = (q{}) x 3;    # don't guess downstream
        if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m{ \b Instagram [ ]+ ([0-9.]+) [ ] }x ) {
            ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = split /[.]/, $1, 3;
            if ($beta) {
                $beta = q{.} . $beta;
            }
        }
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{ie} ) {

        # MSIE

        if ( $ua =~ m{\b msie \s ( [0-9\.]+ ) ( [a-z]+ [a-z0-9]* )? ;}x ) {

            # Internet Explorer
            ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = split /\./, $1;
            $beta = $2 if $2;    # Capture version suffix like "2.0d"
        }
        elsif ( $ua =~ m{\b rv: ( [0-9\.]+ ) \b}x ) {

            # MSIE masking as Gecko really well ;)
            ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = split /\./, $1;
        }
        elsif ( $ua
            =~ m{\b compatible; \s* [\w\-]* [/\s] ( [0-9]+ ) (?: .([0-9]+) (\S*) )? ;}x
        ) {
            # Fallback to compatible format for IE
            ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = ( $1, $2, $3 );
        }
    }
    elsif ( $browser eq 'n3ds' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{Nintendo 3DS;.*\sVersion/(\d*)\.(\d*)}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $browser eq 'browsex' ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{BrowseX \((\d+)\.(\d+)([\d.]*)}i ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
            $beta  = $3;
        }
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ m{netscape6/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\d.]*)} ) {

        # Other cases get handled below, we just need this to skip the '6'
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ( $browser eq 'brave' ) {

        # Note: since 0.7.10, Brave has changed the branding
        # of GitHub's 'Electron' (http://electron.atom.io/) to 'Brave'.
        # This means the browser string has both 'brave/' (the browser)
        # and 'Brave/' (re-branded Electron) in it.
        # The generic section below looks at $self->{browser_string}, which is 'Brave'
        # (Electron) and not $self->{browser} which is 'brave'.
        # Caveat parser.
        if ( $ua =~ m{brave/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\d.]*)} ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
            $beta  = $3;
        }
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'chrome'
        && $ua =~ m{crios/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\d.]*)} ) {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'pubsub'
        && $ua =~ m{apple-pubsub/(\d+)\.?(\d+)?([\d.]*)} ) {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'obigo'
        && $self->{user_agent} =~ m{(obigo[\w\-]*|teleca)[\/ ]\w(\d+)(\w*)}i )
    {
        $major = $2;
        $minor = q{};
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'polaris'
        && $ua =~ m{polaris[ \/](\d+)\.?(\d+)?([\d\.]*)} ) {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ($browser eq 'ucbrowser'
        && $ua =~ m{ucbrowser[\/ ]*(\d+)\.?(\d+)?([\d\.]*)} ) {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
        $beta  = $3;
    }
    elsif ( $browser eq 'samsung' && $ua =~ m{samsungbrowser/(\d+)\.(\d+)\s} )
    {
        $major = $1;
        $minor = $2;
    }
    elsif ( $browser_tests->{yandex_browser} ) {
        ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = (q{}) x 3;    # don't guess downstream
        if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m{ \b YaBrowser / ([0-9.]+) [ ] }x ) {
            ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = split /[.]/, $1, 3;
            if ($beta) {
                $beta = q{.} . $beta;
            }
        }
    }

    # If we didn't match a browser-specific test, we look for
    # '$browser/x.y.z'
    if ( !defined $major && defined $self->{browser_string} ) {
        my $version_index = index( $ua, lc "$self->{browser_string}/" );
        if ( $version_index != -1 ) {
            my $version_str
                = substr( $ua, $version_index + length($browser) );
            if ( $version_str =~ m{/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\w.]*)} ) {
                $major = $1;
                $minor = $2;
                $beta  = $3;
            }
        }
    }

    # If that didn't work, we try 'Version/x.y.z'
    if ( !defined $major ) {
        if ( $ua =~ m{version/(\d+)\.(\d+)([\w.]*)} ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = $2;
            $beta  = $3;
        }
    }

    # If that didn't work, we start guessing. Just grab
    # anything after a word and a slash.
    if ( !defined $major ) {

        ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = (
            $ua =~ m{
                \S+        # Greedily catch anything leading up to forward slash.
                \/                # Version starts with a slash
                [A-Za-z]*         # Eat any letters before the major version
                ( [0-9]+ )        # Major version number is everything before the first dot
                 \.               # The first dot
                ([\d]* )          # Minor version number is every digit after the first dot
                                  # Throw away remaining numbers and dots
                ( [^\s]* )        # Beta version string is up to next space
            }x
        );
    }

    # If that didn't work, try even more generic.
    if ( !defined $major ) {

        if ( $ua =~ /[A-Za-z]+\/(\d+)\;/ ) {
            $major = $1;
            $minor = 0;
        }
    }

    # If that didn't work, give up.
    $major = 0     if !$major;
    $minor = 0     if !$minor;
    $beta  = undef if ( defined $beta && $beta eq q{} );

    # Now set version tests

    if ( $browser_tests->{netscape} ) {

        # Netscape browsers
        $version_tests->{nav2}    = 1 if $major == 2;
        $version_tests->{nav3}    = 1 if $major == 3;
        $version_tests->{nav4}    = 1 if $major == 4;
        $version_tests->{nav4up}  = 1 if $major >= 4;
        $version_tests->{nav45}   = 1 if $major == 4 && $minor == 5;
        $version_tests->{nav45up} = 1
            if ( $major == 4 && ".$minor" >= .5 )
            || $major >= 5;
        $version_tests->{navgold} = 1
            if defined $beta && ( index( $beta, 'gold' ) != -1 );
        $version_tests->{nav6} = 1
            if ( $major == 5 || $major == 6 );    # go figure
        $version_tests->{nav6up} = 1 if $major >= 5;

        if ( $browser eq 'seamonkey' ) {

            # Ugh, seamonkey versions started back at 1.
            $version_tests->{nav2}    = 0;
            $version_tests->{nav4up}  = 1;
            $version_tests->{nav45up} = 1;
            $version_tests->{nav6}    = 1;
            $version_tests->{nav6up}  = 1;
        }
    }

    if ( $browser_tests->{ie} ) {
        $version_tests->{ie3}    = 1 if ( $major == 3 );
        $version_tests->{ie4}    = 1 if ( $major == 4 );
        $version_tests->{ie4up}  = 1 if ( $major >= 4 );
        $version_tests->{ie5}    = 1 if ( $major == 5 );
        $version_tests->{ie5up}  = 1 if ( $major >= 5 );
        $version_tests->{ie55}   = 1 if ( $major == 5 && $minor == 5 );
        $version_tests->{ie55up} = 1 if ( ".$minor" >= .5 || $major >= 6 );
        $version_tests->{ie6}    = 1 if ( $major == 6 );
        $version_tests->{ie7}    = 1 if ( $major == 7 );
        $version_tests->{ie8}    = 1 if ( $major == 8 );
        $version_tests->{ie9}    = 1 if ( $major == 9 );
        $version_tests->{ie10}   = 1 if ( $major == 10 );
        $version_tests->{ie11}   = 1 if ( $major == 11 );

        $version_tests->{ie_compat_mode}
            = (    $version_tests->{ie7}
                && $tests->{trident}
                && defined $self->engine_version
                && $self->engine_version >= 4 );
    }

    if ( $browser_tests->{aol} ) {
        $version_tests->{aol3} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'aol 3.0' ) != -1
            || $version_tests->{ie3} );
        $version_tests->{aol4} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'aol 4.0' ) != -1 )
            || $version_tests->{ie4};
        $version_tests->{aol5}  = 1 if index( $ua, 'aol 5.0' ) != -1;
        $version_tests->{aol6}  = 1 if index( $ua, 'aol 6.0' ) != -1;
        $version_tests->{aoltv} = 1 if index( $ua, 'navio' ) != -1;
    }

    if ( $browser_tests->{opera} ) {
        $version_tests->{opera3} = 1
            if index( $ua, 'opera 3' ) != -1 || index( $ua, 'opera/3' ) != -1;
        $version_tests->{opera4} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'opera 4' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'opera/4' ) != -1
            && ( index( $ua, 'nintendo dsi' ) == -1 ) );
        $version_tests->{opera5} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'opera 5' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'opera/5' ) != -1 );
        $version_tests->{opera6} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'opera 6' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'opera/6' ) != -1 );
        $version_tests->{opera7} = 1
            if ( index( $ua, 'opera 7' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'opera/7' ) != -1 );

    }

    $minor = ".$minor";

    $self->{major} = $major;
    $self->{minor} = $minor;
    $self->{beta}  = $beta;
}

### Device tests, only run on demand

sub _init_device {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $ua            = lc $self->{user_agent};
    my $browser_tests = $self->{browser_tests};
    my $tests         = $self->{tests};

    my ( $device, $device_string );
    my $device_tests = $self->{device_tests} = {};

    if ( index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'winphone';

        # Test is set in _init_os()
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'android' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'silk-accelerated' ) != -1 ) {

        # Silk-accelerated indicates a 1st generation Kindle Fire,
        # which may not have other indications of being an Android
        # device.
        $device = 'android';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif (index( $ua, 'blackberry' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'bb10' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'rim tablet os' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'blackberry';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ipod' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'ipod';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'ipad' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'ipad';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'iphone' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'iphone';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'webos' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'webos';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'kindle' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'kindle';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'audrey' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'audrey';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'i-opener' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'iopener';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'avantgo' ) != -1 ) {
        $device                  = 'avantgo';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
        $device_tests->{palm}    = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'palmos' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'palm';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'playstation 3' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'ps3';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'playstation portable' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'psp';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nintendo dsi' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'dsi';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( index( $ua, 'nintendo 3ds' ) != -1 ) {
        $device = 'n3ds';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }
    elsif (
           $browser_tests->{obigo}
        || $browser_tests->{ucbrowser}
        || index( $ua, 'up.browser' ) != -1
        || (   index( $ua, 'nokia' ) != -1
            && index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) == -1 )
        || index( $ua, 'alcatel' ) != -1
        || $ua =~ m{\bbrew\b}
        || $ua =~ m{\bbmp\b}
        || index( $ua, 'ericsson' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'sie-' ) == 0
        || index( $ua, 'wmlib' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, ' wap' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'wap ' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'wap/' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, '-wap' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'wap-' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'wap' ) == 0
        || index( $ua, 'wapper' ) != -1
        || index( $ua, 'zetor' ) != -1
    ) {
        $device = 'wap';
        $device_tests->{$device} = 1;
    }

    $device_tests->{tablet} = (
        index( $ua, 'ipad' ) != -1
            || ( $browser_tests->{ie}
            && index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) == -1
            && index( $ua, 'arm' ) != -1 )
            || ( index( $ua, 'android' ) != -1
            && index( $ua, 'mobile' ) == -1
            && index( $ua, 'safari' ) != -1 )
            || ( $browser_tests->{firefox} && index( $ua, 'tablet' ) != -1 )
            || index( $ua, 'an10bg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an10bg3dt' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an10g2' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7bg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7dg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7dg3childpad' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7dg3st' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7fg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an7g3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an8cg3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an8g3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'an9g3' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'flyer' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'hp-tablet' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'jetstream' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'kindle' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'novo7' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'opera tablet' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'rim tablet' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'transformer' ) != -1
            || index( $ua, 'xoom' ) != -1
    );

    if ( !$device_tests->{tablet} ) {
        $device_tests->{mobile} = (
            ( $browser_tests->{firefox} && index( $ua, 'mobile' ) != -1 )
                || ( $browser_tests->{ie}
                && index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) == -1
                && index( $ua, 'arm' ) != -1 )
                || index( $ua, 'windows phone' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'up.browser' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'nokia' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'alcatel' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'ericsson' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'sie-' ) == 0
                || index( $ua, 'wmlib' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, ' wap' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'wap ' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'wap/' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, '-wap' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'wap-' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'wap' ) == 0
                || index( $ua, 'wapper' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'blackberry' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'mobile' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'palm' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'smartphone' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'windows ce' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'palmsource' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'iphone' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'ipod' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'ipad' ) != -1
                || ( index( $ua, 'opera mini' ) != -1
                && index( $ua, 'tablet' ) == -1 )
                || index( $ua, 'htc_' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'symbian' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'webos' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'samsung' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'zetor' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'android' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'symbos' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'opera mobi' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'fennec' ) != -1
                || $ua =~ m{\bbrew\b}
                || index( $ua, 'obigo' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'teleca' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'polaris' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'opera tablet' ) != -1
                || index( $ua, 'rim tablet' ) != -1
                || ( index( $ua, 'bb10' ) != -1
                && index( $ua, 'mobile' ) != -1 )
                || $device_tests->{psp}
                || $device_tests->{dsi}
                || $device_tests->{'n3ds'}
        );
    }

    if (   $browser_tests->{ucbrowser}
        && $self->{user_agent}
        =~ m{ucweb/2.0\s*\(([^\;\)]*\;){3,4}\s*([^\;\)]*?)\s*\)}i ) {
        $device_string = $2;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /^(\bmot-[^ \/]+)/ ) {
        $device_string = substr $self->{user_agent}, 0, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/^MOT-/Motorola /i;
    }
    elsif ( ( $browser_tests->{obigo} || index( $ua, 'brew' ) != -1 )
        && $self->{user_agent} =~ m{\d+x\d+ ([\d\w\- ]+?)( \S+\/\S+)*$}i ) {
        $device_string = $1;
    }
    elsif (
        $ua =~ /windows phone os [^\)]+ iemobile\/[^;]+; ([^;]+; [^;\)]+)/g )
    {
        # windows phone 7.x
        $device_string = substr $self->{user_agent},
            pos($ua) - length $1, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/; / /;
    }
    elsif ( $ua
        =~ /windows phone [^\)]+ iemobile\/[^;]+; arm; touch; ([^;]+; [^;\)]+)/g
    ) {
        # windows phone 8.0
        $device_string = substr $self->{user_agent},
            pos($ua) - length $1, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/; / /;
    }
    elsif (
        $ua =~ /windows phone 8[^\)]+ iemobile\/[^;]+; ([^;]+; [^;\)]+)/g ) {

        # windows phone 8.1
        $device_string = substr $self->{user_agent},
            pos($ua) - length $1, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/; / /;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /bb10; ([^;\)]+)/g ) {
        $device_string = 'BlackBerry ' . substr $self->{user_agent},
            pos($ua) - length $1, length $1;
        $device_string =~ s/Kbd/Q10/;
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /blackberry ([\w.]+)/ ) {
        $device_string = "BlackBerry $1";
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /blackberry(\d+)\// ) {
        $device_string = "BlackBerry $1";
    }
    elsif ( $ua =~ /silk-accelerated/ ) {

        # Only first generation Kindle Fires have that string
        $device_string = 'Kindle Fire';
        $device_tests->{kindlefire} = 1;
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent} =~ /android .*\; ([^;]*) build/i ) {
        my $model = $1;
        if ( $model =~ m{^KF} || $model =~ m{kindle fire}i ) {

            # We might hit this even if tablet() is false, if we have
            # a Kindle Fire masquerading as a mobile device.
            $device_string = 'Kindle Fire';
            $device_tests->{kindlefire} = 1;
        }
        elsif ( $device_tests->{tablet} ) {
            $device_string = "Android tablet ($model)";
        }
        else {
            $device_string = "Android ($model)";
        }
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent}
        =~ /\b((alcatel|huawei|lg|nokia|samsung|sonyericsson)[\w\-]*)\//i ) {
        $device_string = $1;
    }
    elsif ( $self->{user_agent} =~ /CrKey/ ) {
        $device        = 'chromecast';
        $device_string = 'Chromecast';
    }
    elsif ($device) {
        $device_string = $DEVICE_NAMES{$device};
    }
    else {
        $device_string = undef;
    }

    if ($device) {
        $self->{device} = $device;
    }
    else {
        $self->{device}
            = undef;    # Means we cache the fact that we found nothing
    }

    if ($device_string) {
        $self->{device_string} = $device_string;
    }
}

### Now a big block of public accessors for tests and information

sub browser {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return undef unless defined $self->{user_agent};
    return $self->{browser};
}

sub browser_string {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return undef unless defined $self->{user_agent};
    return $self->{browser_string};
}

sub robot {
    my $self = shift;

    $self->_init_robots unless exists( $self->{robot_string} );
    return $self->{robot_tests}->{robot};
}

sub robot_string {
    my $self = shift;

    $self->_init_robots unless exists( $self->{robot_string} );
    return $self->{robot_string};
}

sub robot_name {
    my $self = shift;
    return $self->robot_string;
}

sub robot_id {
    my $self = shift;
    return
          $self->{robot_tests}->{robot_id} ? $self->{robot_tests}->{robot_id}
        : $self->robot                     ? $ROBOT_IDS{ $self->robot }
        :                                    undef;
}

sub _robot_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_robots unless exists( $self->{robot_string} );
    if ( $self->{robot_version} ) {
        return @{ $self->{robot_version} };
    }
    else {
        return ( undef, undef, undef );
    }
}

sub robot_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_robot_version;
    if ( defined $major ) {
        if ( defined $minor ) {
            return "$major$minor";
        }
        else {
            return $major;
        }
    }
    else {
        return undef;
    }
}

sub robot_major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_robot_version;
    return $major;
}

sub robot_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_robot_version;
    return $minor;
}

sub robot_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_robot_version;
    return $beta;
}

sub os {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return undef    unless defined $self->{user_agent};
    $self->_init_os unless $self->{os_tests};
    return $self->{os};
}

sub os_string {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return undef    unless defined $self->{user_agent};
    $self->_init_os unless $self->{os_tests};
    return $self->{os_string};
}

sub _os_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_os_version if !exists( $self->{os_version} );
    if ( $self->{os_version} ) {
        return @{ $self->{os_version} };
    }
    else {
        return ( undef, undef, undef );
    }
}

sub os_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_os_version;
    return defined $major ? "$major$minor" : undef;
}

sub os_major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_os_version;
    return $major;
}

sub os_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_os_version;
    return $minor;
}

sub os_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_os_version;
    return $beta;
}

sub _realplayer_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    $self->_init_version unless $self->{version_tests};
    return $self->{realplayer_version} || 0;
}

sub realplayer_browser {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return defined( $self->{browser} ) && $self->{browser} eq 'realplayer';
}

sub gecko_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    if ( $self->gecko ) {
        return $self->{engine_version};
    }
    else {
        return undef;
    }
}

sub version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};

    return defined $self->{major} ? "$self->{major}$self->{minor}" : undef;
}

sub major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};

    my ($version) = $self->{major};
    return $version;
}

sub minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};

    my ($version) = $self->{minor};
    return $version;
}

sub public_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    $minor ||= q{};
    return defined $major ? "$major$minor" : undef;
}

sub public_major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    return $major;
}

sub public_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    return $minor;
}

sub public_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_public;

    return $beta;
}

sub browser_version {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;
    $minor ||= q{};

    return defined $major ? "$major$minor" : undef;
}

sub browser_major {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    return $major;
}

sub browser_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor ) = $self->_public;

    return $minor;
}

sub browser_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;
    my ( $major, $minor, $beta ) = $self->_public;

    return $beta;
}

sub _public {
    my ($self) = @_;

    # Return Public version of Safari. See RT #48727.
    if ( $self->safari ) {
        my $ua = lc $self->{user_agent};

        # Safari starting with version 3.0 provides its own public version
        if (
            $ua =~ m{
                version/
                ( \d+ )       # Major version number is everything before first dot
                ( \. \d+ )?   # Minor version number is first dot and following digits
            }x
        ) {
            return ( $1, $2, undef );
        }

        # Safari before version 3.0 had only build numbers; use a lookup table
        # provided by Apple to convert to version numbers

        if ( $ua =~ m{ safari/ ( \d+ (?: \.\d+ )* ) }x ) {
            my $build   = $1;
            my $version = $safari_build_to_version{$build};
            unless ($version) {

                # if exact build -> version mapping doesn't exist, find next
                # lower build

                for my $maybe_build (
                    sort { $self->_cmp_versions( $b, $a ) }
                    keys %safari_build_to_version
                ) {
                    $version = $safari_build_to_version{$maybe_build}, last
                        if $self->_cmp_versions( $build, $maybe_build ) >= 0;
                }

                # Special case for specific worm that uses a malformed user agent
                return ( '1', '.2', undef ) if $ua =~ m{safari/12x};
            }

            return ( undef, undef, undef ) unless defined $version;
            my ( $major, $minor ) = split /\./, $version;
            my $beta;
            $minor =~ s/(\D.*)// and $beta = $1;
            $minor = ( '.' . $minor );
            return ( $major, $minor, ( $beta ? 1 : undef ) );
        }
    }

    $self->_init_version() unless $self->{version_tests};
    return ( $self->{major}, $self->{minor}, $self->{beta} );
}

sub _cmp_versions {
    my ( $self, $a, $b ) = @_;

    my @a = split /\./, $a;
    my @b = split /\./, $b;

    while (@b) {
        return -1 if @a == 0 || $a[0] < $b[0];
        return 1  if @b == 0 || $b[0] < $a[0];
        shift @a;
        shift @b;
    }

    return @a <=> @b;
}

sub engine {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return
         !$self->engine_string           ? undef
        : $self->engine_string eq 'MSIE' ? 'ie'
        :                                  lc( $self->engine_string );
}

sub engine_string {
    my ($self) = @_;

    if ( $self->gecko ) {
        return 'Gecko';
    }

    if ( $self->trident ) {
        return 'Trident';
    }

    if ( $self->ie ) {
        return 'MSIE';
    }

    if ( $self->edgelegacy ) {
        return 'EdgeHTML';
    }

    if ( $self->blink ) {
        return 'Blink';
    }

    if ( $self->webkit ) {
        return 'WebKit';
    }

    if ( $self->presto ) {
        return 'Presto';
    }

    if ( $self->netfront ) {
        return 'NetFront';
    }

    if ( $self->khtml ) {
        return 'KHTML';
    }

    return undef;
}

sub engine_version {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return $self->{engine_version}
        && $self->{engine_version} =~ m{^(\d+(\.\d+)?)} ? $1 : undef;
}

sub engine_major {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return $self->{engine_version}
        && $self->{engine_version} =~ m{^(\d+)} ? $1 : undef;
}

sub engine_minor {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return $self->{engine_version}
        && $self->{engine_version} =~ m{^\d+(\.\d+)} ? $1 : undef;
}

sub engine_beta {
    my ($self) = @_;

    return $self->{engine_version}
        && $self->{engine_version} =~ m{^\d+\.\d+([\.\d\+]*)} ? $1 : undef;
}

sub beta {
    my ($self) = @_;

    $self->_init_version unless $self->{version_tests};

    my ($version) = $self->{beta};
    return $version;
}

sub language {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $parsed = $self->_language_country();
    return $parsed->{'language'};
}

sub country {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my $parsed = $self->_language_country();
    return $parsed->{'country'};
}

sub device {
    my ($self) = @_;

    $self->_init_device if !exists( $self->{device} );
    return $self->{device};
}

sub device_string {
    my ($self) = @_;

    $self->_init_device if !exists( $self->{device_string} );
    return $self->{device_string};
}

sub device_name {
    my ($self) = @_;
    return $self->device_string;
}

sub _language_country {
    my ($self) = @_;

    if ( $self->safari ) {
        if (   $self->major == 1
            && $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\s ( [a-z]{2} ) \)/xms ) {
            return { language => uc $1 };
        }
        if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\s ([a-z]{2})-([A-Za-z]{2})/xms ) {
            return { language => uc $1, country => uc $2 };
        }
    }

    if (   $self->aol
        && $self->{user_agent} =~ m/;([A-Z]{2})_([A-Z]{2})\)/ ) {
        return { language => $1, country => $2 };
    }

    if (   $self->meta_app
        && $self->{user_agent}
        =~ m{ ;FBLC/ ([a-z]{2}) (?: [_-] ([A-Z]{2}) )? }x ) {
        return { language => uc $1, $2 ? ( country => $2 ) : () };
    }

    if (   $self->instagram
        && $self->{user_agent}
        =~ m{ (?: [(] | ;[ ] ) ([a-z]{2}) [_-] ([A-Z]{2}) [;)] }x ) {
        return { language => uc $1, $2 ? ( country => $2 ) : () };
    }

    if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\b([a-z]{2})-([A-Za-z]{2})\b/xms ) {
        return { language => uc $1, country => uc $2 };
    }

    if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\[([a-z]{2})\]/xms ) {
        return { language => uc $1 };
    }

    if ( $self->{user_agent} =~ m/\(([^)]+)\)/xms ) {
        my @parts = split( /;/, $1 );
        foreach my $part (@parts) {

            # 'wv' for WebView is not language code. Details here: https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/user-agent#webview_user_agent
            if ( $part =~ /^\s*([a-z]{2})\s*$/
                && !( $self->webview && $1 eq 'wv' ) ) {
                return { language => uc $1 };
            }
        }
    }

    return { language => undef, country => undef };
}

sub browser_properties {
    my ($self) = @_;

    my @browser_properties;

    my ( $test, $value );

    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }
    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{browser_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }

    $self->_init_device  unless $self->{device_tests};
    $self->_init_os      unless $self->{os_tests};
    $self->_init_robots  unless $self->{robot_tests};
    $self->_init_version unless $self->{version_tests};

    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{device_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }
    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{os_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }
    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{robot_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }
    while ( ( $test, $value ) = each %{ $self->{version_tests} } ) {
        push @browser_properties, $test if $value;
    }

    # devices are a property too but it's not stored in %tests
    # so I explicitly test for it and add it
    push @browser_properties, 'device' if ( $self->device() );

    @browser_properties = sort @browser_properties;
    return @browser_properties;
}

sub lib {
    my $self = shift;
    $self->_init_robots() unless $self->{robot_tests};
    return $self->{robot_tests}->{lib};
}

sub all_robot_ids {
    my $self = shift;
    return keys %ROBOT_NAMES;
}

# The list of U2F supported browsers is expected to increase:
# https://www.bit-tech.net/news/tech/software/w3c-adopts-fidos-webauthn-standard/1/

sub u2f {
    my $self = shift;

    # Chrome version 41 and up can U2F
    return 1
        if $self->chrome
        && $self->browser_major
        && $self->browser_major >= 41;

    # Opera versions 40 and >= 42 can U2F
    return 1
        if $self->opera
        && $self->browser_major
        && ( $self->browser_major == 40
        || $self->browser_major >= 42 );

    return undef;
}

# These method are only used by the test suite.
sub _all_tests {
    return @ALL_TESTS;
}

sub _robot_names {
    return %ROBOT_NAMES;
}

sub _robot_tests {
    return @ROBOT_TESTS;
}

sub _robot_ids {
    return %ROBOT_IDS;
}

1;

# ABSTRACT: Determine Web browser, version, and platform from an HTTP user agent string

__END__

=pod

=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

HTTP::BrowserDetect - Determine Web browser, version, and platform from an HTTP user agent string

=head1 VERSION

version 3.45

=head1 SYNOPSIS

    use HTTP::BrowserDetect ();

    my $user_agent_string
        = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/52.0.2743.116 Safari/537.36';
    my $ua = HTTP::BrowserDetect->new($user_agent_string);

    # Print general information
    print 'Browser: ' . $ua->browser_string . "\n" if $ua->browser_string;
    print 'Version: ' . $ua->browser_version . $ua->browser_beta . "\n" if $ua->browser_version;
    print 'OS: ' . $ua->os_string . "\n" if $ua->os_string;

    # Detect operating system
    if ( $ua->windows ) {
        if ( $ua->winnt ) {
            # do something
        }
        if ( $ua->win95 ) {
            # do something
        }
    }
    print "Mac\n" if $ua->macosx;

    # Detect browser vendor and version
    print "Safari\n" if $ua->safari;
    print "MSIE\n" if $ua->ie;
    print "Mobile\n" if $ua->mobile;
    if ( $ua->browser_major(4) ) {
        if ( $ua->browser_minor > .5 ) {
            # ...;
        }
    }
    if ( $ua->browser_version > 4.5 ) {
        # ...;
    }

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The HTTP::BrowserDetect object does a number of tests on an HTTP user agent
string. The results of these tests are available via methods of the object.

For an online demonstration of this module's parsing, you can check out
L<https://www.browserdetect.org/>

This module was originally based upon the JavaScript browser detection
code available at
L<http://www.mozilla.org/docs/web-developer/sniffer/browser_type.html>.

=head1 CONSTRUCTOR AND STARTUP

=head2 new()

    HTTP::BrowserDetect->new( $user_agent_string )

The constructor may be called with a user agent string specified. Otherwise, it
will use the value specified by $ENV{'HTTP_USER_AGENT'}, which is set by the
web server when calling a CGI script.

=head1 SUBROUTINES/METHODS

=head1 Browser Information

=head2 browser()

Returns the browser, as one of the following values:

chrome, firefox, ie, opera, safari, adm, applecoremedia, blackberry,
brave, browsex, dalvik, elinks, links, lynx, emacs, epiphany, galeon,
konqueror, icab, lotusnotes, mosaic, mozilla, netfront, netscape,
n3ds, dsi, obigo, polaris, pubsub, realplayer, seamonkey, silk,
staroffice, ucbrowser, webtv, samsung

If the browser could not be identified (either because unrecognized
or because it is a robot), returns C<undef>.

=head2 browser_string()

Returns a human formatted version of the browser name. These names are
subject to change and are meant for display purposes. This may include
information additional to what's in browser() (e.g. distinguishing
Firefox from Iceweasel).

If the user agent could not be identified, or if it was identified as
a robot instead, returns C<undef>.

=head1 Browser Version

Please note that that the version(), major() and minor() methods have been
deprecated as of release 1.78 of this module. They should be replaced
with browser_version(), browser_major(), browser_minor(), and browser_beta().

The reasoning behind this is that version() method will, in the case of Safari,
return the Safari/XXX numbers even when Version/XXX numbers are present in the
UserAgent string (i.e. it will return incorrect versions for Safari in
some cases).

=head2 browser_version()

Returns the browser version (major and minor) as a string. For
example, for Chrome 36.0.1985.67, this returns "36.0".

=head2 browser_major()

Returns the major part of the version as a string. For example, for
Chrome 36.0.1985.67, this returns "36".

Returns undef if no version information can be detected.

=head2 browser_minor()

Returns the minor part of the version as a string. This includes the
decimal point; for example, for Chrome 36.0.1985.67, this returns
".0".

Returns undef if no version information can be detected.

=head2 browser_beta()

Returns any part of the version after the major and minor version, as
a string. For example, for Chrome 36.0.1985.67, this returns
".1985.67". The beta part of the string can contain any type of
alphanumeric characters.

Returns undef if no version information can be detected. Returns an
empty string if version information is detected but it contains only
a major and minor version with nothing following.

=head1 Operating System

=head2 os()

Returns one of the following strings, or C<undef>:

  windows, winphone, mac, macosx, linux, android, ios, os2, unix, vms,
  chromeos, firefoxos, ps3, psp, rimtabletos, blackberry, amiga, brew

=head2 os_string()

Returns a human formatted version of the OS name.  These names are
subject to change and are really meant for display purposes. This may
include information additional to what's in os() (e.g. distinguishing
various editions of Windows from one another) (although for a way to
do that that's more suitable for use in program logic, see below under
"OS related properties").

Returns C<undef> if no OS information could be detected.

=head2 os_version(), os_major(), os_minor(), os_beta()

Returns version information for the OS, if any could be detected. The
format is the same as for the browser_version() functions.

=head1 Mobile Devices

=head2 mobile()

Returns true if the browser appears to belong to a mobile phone or
similar device (i.e. one small enough that the mobile version of a
page is probably preferable over the desktop version).

In previous versions, tablet devices sometimes had mobile() return
true. They are now mutually exclusive.

=head2 tablet()

Returns true if the browser appears to belong to a tablet device.

=head2 device()

Returns the type of mobile / tablet hardware, if it can be detected.

Currently returns one of: android, audrey, avantgo, blackberry, dsi, iopener, ipad,
iphone, ipod, kindle, n3ds, palm, ps3, psp, wap, webos, winphone.

Returns C<undef> if this is not a tablet/mobile device or no hardware
information can be detected.

=head2 device_string()

Returns a human formatted version of the hardware device name.  These names are
subject to change and are really meant for display purposes.  You should use
the device() method in your logic. This may include additional
information (such as the model of phone if it is detectable).

Returns C<undef> if this is not a portable device or if no device name
can be detected.

=head1 Robots

=head2 robot()

If the user agent appears to be a robot, spider, crawler, or other
automated Web client, this returns one of the following values:

lwp, slurp, yahoo, bingbot, msnmobile, msn, msoffice, ahrefs,
altavista, apache, askjeeves, baidu, curl, facebook, getright,
googleadsbot, googleadsense, googlebotimage, googlebotnews,
googlebotvideo, googlefavicon, googlemobile, google, golib, indy,
infoseek, ipsagent, linkchecker, linkexchange, lycos, malware,
mj12bot, nutch, phplib, puf, pythonurllib, rubylib, scooter, specialarchiver,
wget, yandexbot, yandeximages, java, headlesschrome, amazonbot,
unknown

Returns "unknown" when the user agent is believed to be a robot but
is not identified as one of the above specific robots.

Returns C<undef> if the user agent is not a robot or cannot be
identified.

Note that if a robot crafts a user agent designed to impersonate a
particular browser, we generally set properties appropriate to both
the actual robot, and the browser it is impersonating. For example,
googlebot-mobile pretends to be mobile safari so that it will get
mobile versions of pages. In this case, browser() will return
'safari', the properties will generally be set as if for Mobile
Safari, the 'robot' property will be set, and robot() will return
'googlemobile'.

=head3 lib()

Returns true if the user agent appears to be an HTTP library or tool
(e.g. LWP, curl, wget, java). Generally libraries are also classified
as robots, although it is impossible to tell whether they are being
operated by an automated system or a human.

=head3 robot_string()

Returns a human formatted version of the robot name. These names are
subject to change and are meant for display purposes. This may include
additional information (e.g. robots which return "unknown" from
robot() generally can be identified in a human-readable fashion by
reading robot_string() ).

=head3 robot_id()

This method is currently in beta.

Returns an id consisting of lower case letters, numbers and dashes.  This id
will remain constant, so you can use it for matching against a particular
robot.  The ids were introduced in version 3.14.  There may still be a few
corrections to ids in subsequent releases.  Once this method becomes stable the
ids will also be frozen.

=head3 all_robot_ids()

This method returns an C<ArrayRef> of all possible C<robot_id> values.

=head2 robot_version(), robot_major(), robot_minor(), robot_beta()

Returns version information for the robot, if any could be
detected. The format is the same as for the browser_version()
functions.

Note that if a robot crafts a user agent designed to impersonate a
particular browser, we generally return results appropriate to both
the actual robot, and the browser it is impersonating. For example,
googlebot-mobile pretends to be mobile safari so that it will get
mobile versions of pages. In this case, robot_version() will return
the version of googlebot-mobile, and browser_version() will return the
version of Safari that googlebot-mobile is impersonating.

=head1 Browser Properties

Operating systems, devices, browser names, rendering engines, and
true-or-false methods (e.g. "mobile" and "lib") are all browser
properties. For example, calling browser_properties() for Mobile
Safari running on an Android will return this list:

('android', 'device', 'mobile', 'mobile_safari', 'safari', 'webkit')

=head2 browser_properties()

Returns all properties for this user agent, as a list. Note that
because a large number of cases must be considered, this will take
significantly more time than simply querying the particular methods
you care about.

A mostly complete list of properties follows (i.e. each of these
methods is both a method you can call, and also a property that may
be in the list returned by browser_properties() ). In addition to this
list, robot(), lib(), device(), mobile(), and tablet() are all
browser properties.

=head2 OS related properties

The following methods are available, each returning a true or false value.
Some methods also test for the operating system version. The indentations
below show the hierarchy of tests (for example, win2k is considered a type of
winnt, which is a type of win32)

=head3 windows()

    win16 win3x win31
    win32
        winme win95 win98
        winnt
            win2k winxp win2k3 winvista win7
            win8
                win8_0 win8_1
            win10
                win10_0
    wince
    winphone
        winphone7 winphone7_5 winphone8 winphone10

=head3 dotnet()

=head3 x11()

=head3 webview()

=head3 chromeos()

=head3 firefoxos()

=head3 mac()

mac68k macppc macosx ios

=head3 os2()

=head3 bb10()

=head3 rimtabletos()

=head3 unix()

  sun sun4 sun5 suni86 irix irix5 irix6 hpux hpux9 hpux10
  aix aix1 aix2 aix3 aix4 linux sco unixware mpras reliant
  dec sinix freebsd bsd

=head3 vms()

=head3 amiga()

=head3 ps3gameos()

=head3 pspgameos()

It may not be possible to detect Win98 in Netscape 4.x and earlier. On Opera
3.0, the userAgent string includes "Windows 95/NT4" on all Win32, so you can't
distinguish between Win95 and WinNT.

=head2 Browser related properties

The following methods are available, each returning a true or false value.
Some methods also test for the browser version, saving you from checking the
version separately.

=head3 adm

=head3 aol aol3 aol4 aol5 aol6

=head3 applecoremedia

=head3 avantgo

=head3 browsex

=head3 chrome

=head3 dalvik

=head3 emacs

=head3 epiphany

=head3 firefox

=head3 galeon

=head3 icab

=head3 ie ie3 ie4 ie4up ie5 ie5up ie55 ie55up ie6 ie7 ie8 ie9 ie10 ie11

=head3 ie_compat_mode

The ie_compat_mode is used to determine if the IE user agent is for
the compatibility mode view, in which case the real version of IE is
higher than that detected. The true version of IE can be inferred from
the version of Trident in the engine_version method.

=head3 konqueror

=head3 lotusnotes

=head3 lynx links elinks

=head3 mobile_safari

=head3 mosaic

=head3 mozilla

=head3 neoplanet neoplanet2

=head3 netfront

=head3 netscape nav2 nav3 nav4 nav4up nav45 nav45up navgold nav6 nav6up

=head3 obigo

=head3 opera opera3 opera4 opera5 opera6 opera7

=head3 polaris

=head3 pubsub

=head3 realplayer

The realplayer method above tests for the presence of either the RealPlayer
plug-in "(r1 " or the browser "RealPlayer".

=head3 realplayer_browser

The realplayer_browser method tests for the presence of the RealPlayer
browser (but returns 0 for the plugin).

=head3 safari

=head3 samsung

=head3 seamonkey

=head3 silk

=head3 staroffice

=head3 ucbrowser

=head3 webtv

Netscape 6, even though it's called six, in the User-Agent string has version
number 5. The nav6 and nav6up methods correctly handle this quirk. The Firefox
test correctly detects the older-named versions of the browser (Phoenix,
Firebird).

=head2 Device related properties

The following methods are available, each returning a true or false value.

=head3 android

=head3 audrey

=head3 avantgo

=head3 blackberry

=head3 dsi

=head3 iopener

=head3 iphone

=head3 ipod

=head3 ipad

=head3 kindle

=head3 kindlefire

=head3 n3ds

=head3 palm

=head3 webos

=head3 wap

Note that 'wap' indicates that the device is capable of WAP, not
necessarily that the device is limited to WAP only. Most modern WAP
devices are also capable of rendering standard HTML.

=head3 psp

=head3 ps3

=head2 Robot properties

These methods are now deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
Please use the C<robot()> and C<robot_id()> methods to identify the bots.  Use
C<robot_id()> if you need to match on a string, since the value that is
returned by C<robot> could possibly change in a future release.

The following additional methods are available, each returning a true or false
value. This is by no means a complete list of robots that exist on the Web.

=head3 ahrefs

=head3 altavista

=head3 apache

=head3 askjeeves

=head3 baidu

=head3 bingbot

=head3 curl

=head3 facebook

=head3 getright

=head3 golib

=head3 google

=head3 googleadsbot

=head3 googleadsense

=head3 googlemobile

=head3 indy

=head3 infoseek

=head3 ipsagent

=head3 java

=head3 linkexchange

=head3 lwp

=head3 lycos

=head3 malware

=head3 mj12bot

=head3 msn

=head3 msoffice

=head3 puf

=head3 pythonurllib

=head3 rubylib

=head3 slurp

=head3 wget

=head3 yahoo

=head3 yandex

=head3 yandeximages

=head3 headlesschrome

=head2 Engine properties

The following properties indicate if a particular rendering engine is
being used.

=head3 webkit

=head3 blink

=head3 gecko

=head3 trident

=head3 presto

=head3 khtml

=head1 Other methods

=head2 user_agent()

Returns the value of the user agent string.

Calling this method with a parameter to set the user agent has now
been removed; please use HTTP::BrowserDetect->new() to pass the user
agent string.

=head2 u2f()

Returns true if this browser and version are known to support Universal Second
Factor (U2F).  This method will need future updates as more browsers fully
support this standard.

=head2 country()

Returns the country string as it may be found in the user agent string. This
will be in the form of an upper case 2 character code. ie: US, DE, etc

=head2 language()

Returns the language string as it is found in the user agent string. This will
be in the form of an upper case 2 character code. ie: EN, DE, etc

=head2 engine()

Returns the rendering engine, one of the following:

gecko, webkit, blink, khtml, trident, ie, presto, netfront

Note that Chrome versions 38 and above return "blink", while earlier
Chrome versions and other WebKit-based browsers return "webkit". This is
a change from previous versions of this library which returned "webkit"
for all WebKit-based browsers including Chrome/Blink.

Returns C<undef> if none of the above rendering engines can be
detected.

=head2 engine_string()

Returns a human formatted version of the rendering engine.

Note that Chrome versions 38 and above return "Blink", while earlier
Chrome versions and other WebKit-based browsers return "WebKit". This is
a change from previous versions of this library which returned "WebKit"
for all WebKit-based browsers including Chrome/Blink.

Returns C<undef> if none of the known rendering engines can be
detected.

=head2 engine_version(), engine_major(), engine_minor(), engine_beta()

Returns version information for the rendering engine, if any could be
detected. The format is the same as for the browser_version()
functions.

=head1 Deprecated methods

=head2 device_name()

Deprecated alternate name for device_string()

=head2 version()

This is probably not what you want.  Please use either browser_version() or
engine_version() instead.

Returns the version (major and minor) as a string.

This function returns wrong values for some Safari versions, for
compatibility with earlier code. browser_version() returns correct
version numbers for Safari.

=head2 major()

This is probably not what you want. Please use either browser_major()
or engine_major() instead.

Returns the integer portion of the browser version as a string.

This function returns wrong values for some Safari versions, for
compatibility with earlier code. browser_version() returns correct
version numbers for Safari.

=head2 minor()

This is probably not what you want. Please use either browser_minor()
or engine_minor() instead.

Returns the decimal portion of the browser version as a string.

This function returns wrong values for some Safari versions, for
compatibility with earlier code. browser_version() returns correct
version numbers for Safari.

=head2 beta()

This is probably not what you want. Please use browser_beta() instead.

Returns the beta version, consisting of any characters after the major
and minor version number, as a string.

This function returns wrong values for some Safari versions, for
compatibility with earlier code. browser_version() returns correct
version numbers for Safari.

=head2 public_version(), public_major(), public_minor(), public_beta()

Deprecated.  Please use browser_version() and related functions
instead.

=head2 gecko_version()

If a Gecko rendering engine is used (as in Mozilla or Firefox), returns the
engine version. If no Gecko browser is being used, or the version
number can't be detected, returns undef.

This is an old function, preserved for compatibility; please use
engine_version() in new code.

=head1 CREDITS

Lee Semel, lee@semel.net (Original Author)

Peter Walsham (co-maintainer)

Olaf Alders, C<olaf at wundercounter.com> (co-maintainer)

=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks to the following for their contributions:

cho45

Leonardo Herrera

Denis F. Latypoff

merlynkline

Simon Waters

Toni Cebrin

Florian Merges

david.hilton.p

Steve Purkis

Andrew McGregor

Robin Smidsrod

Richard Noble

Josh Ritter

Mike Clarke

Marc Sebastian Pelzer

Alexey Surikov

Maros Kollar

Jay Rifkin

Luke Saunders

Jacob Rask

Heiko Weber

Jon Jensen

Jesse Thompson

Graham Barr

Enrico Sorcinelli

Olivier Bilodeau

Yoshiki Kurihara

Paul Findlay

Uwe Voelker

Douglas Christopher Wilson

John Oatis

Atsushi Kato

Ronald J. Kimball

Bill Rhodes

Thom Blake

Aran Deltac

yeahoffline

David Ihnen

Hao Wu

Perlover

Daniel Stadie

ben hengst

Andrew Moise

Atsushi Kato

Marco Fontani

Nicolas Doye

=head1 TO DO

POD coverage is not 100%.

=head1 SEE ALSO

"Browser ID (User-Agent) Strings", L<http://www.zytrax.com/tech/web/browser_ids.htm>

L<HTML::ParseBrowser>.

=head1 SUPPORT

You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.

    perldoc HTTP::BrowserDetect

You can also look for information at:

=over 4

=item * GitHub Source Repository

L<https://github.com/oalders/http-browserdetect>

=item * Reporting Issues

L<https://github.com/oalders/http-browserdetect/issues>

=item * Search CPAN

L<https://metacpan.org/module/HTTP::BrowserDetect>

=back

=head1 CONTRIBUTING

Patches are certainly welcome, with many thanks for the excellent contributions
which have already been received. The preferred method of patching would be to
fork the GitHub repo and then send a pull request.

Please include a test case as this will speed up the time to release your
changes. Just edit t/useragents.json so that the test coverage includes any
changes you have made. Please open a GitHub issue if you have any questions.

=head1 AUTHORS

=over 4

=item *

Lee Semel <lee@semel.net>

=item *

Peter Walsham

=item *

Olaf Alders <olaf@wundercounter.com> (current maintainer)

=back

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 1999 by Lee Semel.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

=cut