File: exiftool_pod.html

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libimage-exiftool-perl 8.60-2
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>exiftool Application Documentation</title>
<link rev="made" href="mailto:root@b40.apple.com" />
</head>

<body style="background-color: white">
<table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
<tr><td class="block" style="background-color: #cccccc" valign="middle">
<big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;exiftool Application Documentation</span></strong></big>
</td></tr>
</table>

<p><a name="__index__"></a></p>
<!-- INDEX BEGIN -->

<ul>

	<li><a href="#name">NAME</a></li>
	<li><a href="#synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
	<li><a href="#description">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
	<li><a href="#options">OPTIONS</a></li>
	<ul>

		<li><a href="#option_summary">Option Summary</a></li>
		<li><a href="#option_details">Option Details</a></li>
		<ul>

			<li><a href="#tag_operations">Tag operations</a></li>
			<li><a href="#inputoutput_text_formatting">Input-output text formatting</a></li>
			<li><a href="#processing_control">Processing control</a></li>
			<li><a href="#special_features">Special features</a></li>
			<li><a href="#utilities">Utilities</a></li>
			<li><a href="#other_options">Other options</a></li>
			<li><a href="#advanced_options">Advanced options</a></li>
		</ul>

	</ul>

	<li><a href="#reading_examples">READING EXAMPLES</a></li>
	<li><a href="#writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a></li>
	<li><a href="#copying_examples">COPYING EXAMPLES</a></li>
	<li><a href="#renaming_examples">RENAMING EXAMPLES</a></li>
	<li><a href="#geotagging_examples">GEOTAGGING EXAMPLES</a></li>
	<li><a href="#piping_examples">PIPING EXAMPLES</a></li>
	<li><a href="#diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></li>
	<li><a href="#author">AUTHOR</a></li>
	<li><a href="#see_also">SEE ALSO</a></li>
</ul>
<!-- INDEX END -->

<hr />
<p>
</p>
<h1><a name="name">NAME</a></h1>
<p>exiftool - Read and write meta information in files</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a></h1>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__5boptions_5d__5b_2dtag_2e_2e_2e_5d__5b_2"><strong>exiftool</strong> [<em>OPTIONS</em>] [-<em>TAG</em>...] [--<em>TAG</em>...] <em>FILE</em>...</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__5boptions_5d__2dtag_5b_2b_2d_3c_5d_3d_5b"><strong>exiftool</strong> [<em>OPTIONS</em>] -<em>TAG</em>[+-&lt;]=[<em>VALUE</em>]... <em>FILE</em>...</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__5boptions_5d__2dtagsfromfile_srcfile__5b"><strong>exiftool</strong> [<em>OPTIONS</em>] <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> <em>SRCFILE</em>
[-<em>SRCTAG</em>[&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>]...] <em>FILE</em>...</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__5b__2dver__7c_b_3c_2dlist_3e_5bb_3cw_3e_"><strong>exiftool</strong> [ <strong>-ver</strong> |
<strong>-list</strong>[<strong>w</strong>|<strong>f</strong>|<strong>wf</strong>|<strong>g</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]|<strong>d</strong>|<strong>x</strong>] ]</a></strong><br />
</dt>
</dl>
<p>For specific examples, see the <a href="#reading_examples">EXAMPLES</a> sections below.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a></h1>
<p>A command-line interface to <a href="ExifTool.html">Image::ExifTool</a>, used for
reading and writing meta information in image, audio and video files.
<em>FILE</em> is one or more source file names, directory names, or <code>-</code> for the
standard input.  Information is read from the source files and output in
readable form to the console (or written to output text files with <strong>-w</strong>).</p>
<p>To write, copy or delete information in each <em>FILE</em>, specify new tag values
with the -<em>TAG</em>=[<em>VALUE</em>] syntax or the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> or <strong>-geotag</strong>
options.  By default the original files are preserved with <code>_original</code>
appended to their names -- be sure to verify that the new files are OK
before erasing the originals.  Once in write mode, exiftool will ignore any
read-specific options.</p>
<p>Note:  If <em>FILE</em> is a directory name then only supported file types in the
directory are processed (in write mode only writable types are processed).
However, files may be specified by name, or the <strong>-ext</strong> option may be used
to force processing of files with any extension.</p>
<p>Below is a list of file types and meta information formats currently
supported by ExifTool (r = read, w = write, c = create):</p>
<pre>
  File Types
  ------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+------------
  3FR   r     | DVB   r     | M4A/V r     | PBM   r/w   | RWL   r/w
  3G2   r     | DYLIB r     | MEF   r/w   | PDF   r/w   | RWZ   r
  3GP   r     | EIP   r     | MIE   r/w/c | PEF   r/w   | RM    r
  ACR   r     | EPS   r/w   | MIFF  r     | PFA   r     | SO    r
  AFM   r     | ERF   r/w   | MKA   r     | PFB   r     | SR2   r/w
  AI    r/w   | EXE   r     | MKS   r     | PFM   r     | SRF   r
  AIFF  r     | EXIF  r/w/c | MKV   r     | PGF   r     | SRW   r/w
  APE   r     | F4A/V r     | MNG   r/w   | PGM   r/w   | SVG   r
  ARW   r/w   | FLA   r     | MOS   r/w   | PICT  r     | SWF   r
  ASF   r     | FLAC  r     | MOV   r     | PMP   r     | THM   r/w
  AVI   r     | FLV   r     | MP3   r     | PNG   r/w   | TIFF  r/w
  BMP   r     | FPX   r     | MP4   r     | PPM   r/w   | TTC   r
  BTF   r     | GIF   r/w   | MPC   r     | PPT   r     | TTF   r
  COS   r     | GZ    r     | MPG   r     | PPTX  r     | VRD   r/w/c
  CR2   r/w   | HDP   r/w   | MPO   r/w   | PS    r/w   | VSD   r
  CRW   r/w   | HTML  r     | MQV   r     | PSB   r/w   | WAV   r
  CS1   r/w   | ICC   r/w/c | MRW   r/w   | PSD   r/w   | WDP   r/w
  DCM   r     | IIQ   r/w   | MXF   r     | PSP   r     | WEBP  r
  DCP   r/w   | IND   r/w   | NEF   r/w   | QTIF  r     | WEBM  r
  DCR   r     | ITC   r     | NRW   r/w   | RA    r     | WMA   r
  DFONT r     | JNG   r/w   | NUMBERS r   | RAF   r/w   | WMV   r
  DIVX  r     | JP2   r/w   | ODP   r     | RAM   r     | X3F   r/w
  DJVU  r     | JPEG  r/w   | ODS   r     | RAR   r     | XCF   r
  DLL   r     | K25   r     | ODT   r     | RAW   r/w   | XLS   r
  DNG   r/w   | KDC   r     | OGG   r     | RIFF  r     | XLSX  r
  DOC   r     | KEY   r     | ORF   r/w   | RSRC  r     | XMP   r/w/c
  DOCX  r     | LNK   r     | OTF   r     | RTF   r     | ZIP   r
  DV    r     | M2TS  r     | PAGES r     | RW2   r/w   |</pre>
<pre>
  Meta Information
  ----------------------+----------------------+---------------------
  EXIF           r/w/c  |  CIFF           r/w  |  Ricoh RMETA    r
  GPS            r/w/c  |  AFCP           r/w  |  Picture Info   r
  IPTC           r/w/c  |  Kodak Meta     r/w  |  Adobe APP14    r
  XMP            r/w/c  |  FotoStation    r/w  |  MPF            r
  MakerNotes     r/w/c  |  PhotoMechanic  r/w  |  Stim           r
  Photoshop IRB  r/w/c  |  JPEG 2000      r    |  APE            r
  ICC Profile    r/w/c  |  DICOM          r    |  Vorbis         r
  MIE            r/w/c  |  Flash          r    |  SPIFF          r
  JFIF           r/w/c  |  FlashPix       r    |  DjVu           r
  Ducky APP12    r/w/c  |  QuickTime      r    |  M2TS           r
  PDF            r/w/c  |  Matroska       r    |  PE/COFF        r
  PNG            r/w/c  |  GeoTIFF        r    |  AVCHD          r
  Canon VRD      r/w/c  |  PrintIM        r    |  ZIP            r
  Nikon Capture  r/w/c  |  ID3            r    |  (and more)</pre>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="options">OPTIONS</a></h1>
<p>Case is not significant for any command-line option (including tag and group
names), except for single-character options when the corresponding
upper-case option exists.  Many single-character options have equivalent
long-name versions (shown in brackets), and some options have inverses which
are invoked with a leading double-dash.  Note that multiple single-character
options may NOT be combined into one argument because this would be
interpreted as a tag name.</p>
<p>
</p>
<h2><a name="option_summary">Option Summary</a></h2>
<p><a href="#tag_operations">Tag operations</a></p>
<pre>
  -TAG or --TAG                    Extract or exclude specified tag
  -TAG[+-]=[VALUE]                 Write new value for tag
  -TAG[+-]&lt;=DATFILE                Write tag value from contents of file
  -TAG[+-]&lt;SRCTAG                  Copy tag value (see -tagsFromFile)</pre>
<pre>
  -tagsFromFile SRCFILE            Copy tag values from file
  -x TAG      (-exclude)           Exclude specified tag</pre>
<p><a href="#inputoutput_text_formatting">Input-output text formatting</a></p>
<pre>
  -args       (-argFormat)         Output data as exiftool arguments
  -b          (-binary)            Output data in binary format
  -c FMT      (-coordFormat)       Set format for GPS coordinates
  -charset [[TYPE=]CHARSET]        Specify encoding for special characters
  -csv[=CSVFILE]                   Export/import tags in CSV format
  -d FMT      (-dateFormat)        Set format for date/time values
  -D          (-decimal)           Show tag ID numbers in decimal
  -E, -ex     (-escape(HTML|XML))  Escape values for HTML (-E) or XML (-ex)
  -f          (-forcePrint)        Force printing of all specified tags
  -g[NUM...]  (-groupHeadings)     Organize output by tag group
  -G[NUM...]  (-groupNames)        Print group name for each tag
  -h          (-htmlFormat)        Use HMTL formatting for output
  -H          (-hex)               Show tag ID number in hexadecimal
  -htmlDump[OFFSET]                Generate HTML-format binary dump
  -j[=JSONFILE] (-json)            Export/import tags in JSON format
  -l          (-long)              Use long 2-line output format
  -L          (-latin)             Use Windows Latin1 encoding
  -lang [LANG]                     Set current language
  -n          (--printConv)        Disable print conversion
  -p FMTFILE  (-printFormat)       Print output in specified format
  -s[NUM]     (-short)             Short output format
  -S          (-veryShort)         Very short output format
  -sep STR    (-separator)         Set separator string for list items
  -struct                          Enable output of structured information
  -t          (-tab)               Output in tab-delimited list format
  -T          (-table)             Output in tabular format
  -v[NUM]     (-verbose)           Print verbose messages
  -w[!] EXT   (-textOut)           Write output text files
  -X          (-xmlFormat)         Use RDF/XML output format</pre>
<p><a href="#processing_control">Processing control</a></p>
<pre>
  -a          (-duplicates)        Allow duplicate tags to be extracted
  -e          (--composite)        Do not calculate composite tags
  -ee         (-extractEmbedded)   Extract information from embedded files
  -ext EXT    (-extension)         Process files with specified extension
  -F[OFFSET]  (-fixBase)           Fix the base for maker notes offsets
  -fast[NUM]                       Increase speed for slow devices
  -fileOrder [-]TAG                Set file processing order
  -i DIR      (-ignore)            Ignore specified directory name
  -if EXPR                         Conditionally process files
  -m          (-ignoreMinorErrors) Ignore minor errors and warnings
  -o OUTFILE  (-out)               Set output file or directory name
  -overwrite_original              Overwrite original by renaming tmp file
  -overwrite_original_in_place     Overwrite original by copying tmp file
  -P          (-preserve)          Preserve date/time of original file
  -password PASSWD                 Password for processing protected files
  -q          (-quiet)             Quiet processing
  -r          (-recurse)           Recursively process subdirectories
  -scanForXMP                      Brute force XMP scan
  -u          (-unknown)           Extract unknown tags
  -U          (-unknown2)          Extract unknown binary tags too
  -z          (-zip)               Read/write compressed information</pre>
<p><a href="#special_features">Special features</a></p>
<pre>
  -geotag TRKFILE                  Geotag images from specified GPS log
  -use MODULE                      Add features from plug-in module</pre>
<p><a href="#utilities">Utilities</a></p>
<pre>
  -delete_original[!]              Delete &quot;_original&quot; backups
  -restore_original                Restore from &quot;_original&quot; backups</pre>
<p><a href="#other_options">Other options</a></p>
<pre>
  -@ ARGFILE                       Read command-line arguments from file
  -k          (-pause)             Pause before terminating
  -list[w|f|wf|g[NUM]|d|x]         List various exiftool attributes
  -ver                             Print exiftool version number</pre>
<p><a href="#advanced_options">Advanced options</a></p>
<pre>
  -common_args                     Define common arguments
  -config CFGFILE                  Specify configuration file name
  -execute                         Execute multiple commands on one line
  -srcfile FMT                     Set different source file name
  -stay_open FLAG                  Keep reading -@ argfile even after EOF</pre>
<p>
</p>
<h2><a name="option_details">Option Details</a></h2>
<p>
</p>
<h3><a name="tag_operations">Tag operations</a></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dtag"><strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract information for specified tag (ie. <code>-CreateDate</code>).  A tag name
is the handle by which a piece of information is referenced.  See
<a href="TagNames/index.html">Image::ExifTool::TagNames</a> for documentation on
available tag names.  A tag name may include leading group names separated
by colons (ie. <code>-EXIF:CreateDate</code>, or <code>-Doc1:XMP:Creator</code>), and each group
name may be prefixed by a digit to specify family number (ie.
<code>-1IPTC:City</code>).  Use the <strong>-listg</strong> option to list available group names by
family.
</dd>
<dd>
<p>A special tag name of <code>All</code> may be used to indicate all meta information.
This is particularly useful when a group name is specified to extract all
information in a group (but beware that unless the <strong>-a</strong> option is also
used, some tags in the group may be suppressed by same-named tags in other
groups).  The wildcard characters <code>?</code> and <code>*</code> may be used in a tag name to
match any single character and zero or more characters respectively.  These
may not be used in a group name, with the exception that a group name of
<code>*</code> (or <code>All</code>) may be used to extract all instances of a tag (as if <strong>-a</strong>
was used).  Note that arguments containing wildcards must be quoted on the
command line of most systems to prevent shell globbing, and wildcards may
not be used when writing/deleting tags.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>A <code>#</code> may be appended to the tag name to disable the print conversion on a
per-tag basis (see the <strong>-n</strong> option).  This may also be used when writing or
copying tags.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>If no tags are specified, all available information is extracted (as if
<code>-All</code> had been specified).</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Note:  Descriptions, not tag names, are shown by default when extracting
information.  Use the <strong>-s</strong> option to see the tag names instead.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2d_2dtag"><strong>--</strong><em>TAG</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Exclude specified tag from extracted information.  Same as the <strong>-x</strong> option.
May also be used following a <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option to exclude tags from
being copied, or to exclude groups from being deleted when deleting all
information (ie. <code>-all= --exif:all</code> deletes all but EXIF information).  But
note that this will not exclude individual tags from a group delete.
Instead, the tags must be recovered using the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option (ie.
<code>-all= -tagsfromfile @ -artist</code>).  Wildcards are permitted as described
above for <strong>-TAG</strong>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dtag_5b_2b_2d_5d_3d_5bvalue_5d"><strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em>[+-]<strong>=</strong>[<em>VALUE</em>]</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Write a new value for the specified tag (ie. <code>-comment=wow</code>), or delete the
tag if no <em>VALUE</em> is given (ie. <code>-comment=</code>). <code>+=</code> and <code>-=</code> are used to
add or remove existing entries from a list, or to shift date/time values
(see <a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-ExifTool/lib/Image/ExifTool/Shift.pl">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a> for details),
and <code>-=</code> may be used to conditionally remove or replace a tag (see
<a href="#writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a> for examples).
</dd>
<dd>
<p><em>TAG</em> may contain a leading family 0 or 1 group name separated by a colon.
If no group name is specified, the tag is created in the preferred group,
and updated in any other location where a same-named tag already exists. 
The preferred group is the first group in the following list where <em>TAG</em> is
valid: 1) EXIF, 2) IPTC, 3) XMP.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>The special <code>All</code> tag may be used in this syntax only if a <em>VALUE</em> is NOT
given.  This causes all meta information to be deleted (or all information
in a group if <code>-GROUP:All=</code> is used).  Note that not all groups are
deletable.  Use the <strong>-listd</strong> option for a complete list of deletable
groups.  Also, within an image some groups may be contained within others,
and these groups are removed if the containing group is deleted:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
  JPEG Image:
  - Deleting EXIF or IFD0 also deletes ExifIFD, GlobParamIFD,
    GPS, IFD1, InteropIFD, MakerNotes, PrintIM and SubIFD.
  - Deleting ExifIFD also deletes InteropIFD and MakerNotes.
  - Deleting Photoshop also deletes IPTC.</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
  TIFF Image:
  - Deleting EXIF only removes ExifIFD which also deletes
    InteropIFD and MakerNotes.</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Note:  MakerNotes tags may be edited, but not created or deleted
individually. This avoids many potential problems including the inevitable
compatibility problems with OEM software which may be very inflexible about
the information it expects to find in the maker notes.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Special feature:  Integer values may be specified in hexadecimal with a
leading <code>0x</code>, and simple rational values may be specified as fractions.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dtag_3c_3ddatfile_or__2dtag_3c_3dfmt"><strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em>&lt;=<em>DATFILE</em> or <strong>-</strong><em>TAG</em>&lt;=<em>FMT</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set the value of a tag from the contents of file <em>DATFILE</em>.  The file name
may also be given by a <em>FMT</em> string where %d, %f and %e represent the
directory, file name and extension of the original <em>FILE</em> (see the <strong>-w</strong>
option for more details).  Note that quotes are required around this
argument to prevent shell redirection since it contains a <code>&lt;</code> symbol.
<code>+&lt;=</code> or <code>-&lt;=</code> may also be used to add or delete specific list
entries, or to shift date/time values.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dtagsfromfile_srcfile_or_fmt"><strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> <em>SRCFILE</em> or <em>FMT</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy tag values from <em>SRCFILE</em> to <em>FILE</em>.  Tag names on the command line
after this option specify the tags to be copied, or excluded from the copy.
If no tags are specified, then all possible tags (see note 1 below) from the
source file are copied.  More than one <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option may be used
to copy tags from multiple files.
</dd>
<dd>
<p>By default, this option will commute information between same-named tags in
different groups and write each tag to the preferred group.  This allows
some information to be automatically translated when copying between images
of different formats.  However, if a group name is specified for a tag then
the information is written to the original group (unless redirected to
another group, see below).  This works even if <code>All</code> is used as a group
name, so <code>-All:All</code> is used to specify that all information be copied to
the same group in the destination file.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p><em>SRCFILE</em> may be the same as <em>FILE</em> to move information around within a
file.  In this case, <code>@</code> may be used to represent the source file (ie.
<code>-tagsFromFile @</code>), permitting this feature to be used for batch processing
multiple files (see note 4 below).  Specified tags are then copied from each
file in turn as it is rewritten.  For advanced batch use, the source file
name may also be specified using a <em>FMT</em> string in which %d, %f and %e
represent the directory, file name and extension of <em>FILE</em>.  See <strong>-w</strong>
option for <em>FMT</em> string examples.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>A powerful redirection feature allows a destination tag to be specified for
each extracted tag.  With this feature, information may be written to a tag
with a different name or group.  This is done using
&quot;'-<em>SRCTAG</em>&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>'&quot; or
&quot;'-<em>DSTTAG</em>&lt;<em>SRCTAG</em>'&quot; on the command line after
<strong>-tagsFromFile</strong>, and causes the value of <em>SRCTAG</em> to be copied from
<em>SRCFILE</em> and written to <em>DSTTAG</em> in <em>FILE</em>.  Note that this argument
must be quoted to prevent shell redirection, and there is no <code>=</code> sign as
when assigning new values. Both source and destination tags may be prefixed
by a group name, and <code>All</code> or <code>*</code> may be used as a tag or group name.  If
no destination group is specified, the information is written to the
preferred group.  As a convenience, <code>-tagsFromFile @</code> is assumed for any
redirected tags which are specified without a prior <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option.
Copied tags may also be added or deleted from a list with arguments of the
form &quot;'-<em>SRCTAG</em>+&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>'&quot; or
&quot;'-<em>SRCTAG</em>-&gt;<em>DSTTAG</em>'&quot;.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>An extension of the redirection feature allows strings involving tag names
to be used on the right hand side of the <code>&lt;</code> symbol with the syntax
&quot;'-<em>DSTTAG</em>&lt;<em>STR</em>'&quot;, where tag names in <em>STR</em> are
prefixed with a <code>$</code> symbol.  See the <strong>-p</strong> option for more details about
this syntax.  Strings starting with a <code>=</code> sign must insert a single space
after the <code>&lt;</code> to avoid confusion with the <code>&lt;=</code> syntax which would
otherwise attempt to set the tag value from the contents of a file.  A
single space at the start of the string is removed if it exists, but all
other whitespace is preserved.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>See <a href="#copying_examples">COPYING EXAMPLES</a> for examples using <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong>.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Notes:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>1) Some tags (generally tags which may affect the appearance of the image)
are considered ``unsafe'' to write, and are only copied if specified
explicitly.  See the <a href="TagNames/index.html">tag name documentation</a> for
more details about ``unsafe'' tags.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>2) Be aware of the difference between excluding a tag from being copied
(--<em>TAG</em>), and deleting a tag (-<em>TAG</em>=).  Excluding a tag prevents it from
being copied to the destination image, but deleting will remove a
pre-existing tag from the image.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>3) The maker note information is copied as a block, so it isn't affected
like other information by subsequent tag assignments on the command line.
Also, since the PreviewImage referenced from the maker notes may be rather
large, it is not copied, and must be transferred separately if desired.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>4) When performing complex batch processing, it is important to note that
the order of operations is different for tags copied in batch mode.  In
general, tags are copied from batch-mode files after all other command-line
arguments have been applied.  For example, the following two commands are
not equivalent:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # (not batch mode):  Sets xmp:title to 'NEW'
    exiftool -tagsfromfile a.jpg -xmp:title -xmp:title=NEW a.jpg</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # (batch mode):  Preserves original title if it exists
    exiftool -tagsfromfile @ -xmp:title -xmp:title=NEW a.jpg</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>5) The normal behaviour of copied tags differs subtly from that of assigned
tags for List-type tags.  When copying to a list, each copied tag overrides
any previous operations on the list.  While this avoids duplicate list items
when copying groups of tags from a file containing redundant information, it
also prevents values of different tags from being copied into the same list
when this is the intent.  So a <strong>-addTagsFromFile</strong> option is provided which
allows copying of multiple tags into the same list.  ie)</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -addtagsfromfile @ '-subject&lt;make' '-subject&lt;model' ...</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Other than this difference, the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> and <strong>-addTagsFromFile</strong>
options are equivalent.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>6) The <strong>-a</strong> option (allow duplicate tags) is always in effect when reading
tags from <em>SRCFILE</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>7) The <strong>-struct</strong> option is in effect by default when copying tags, but this
may be disabled with <strong>--struct</strong> on the command line.  See the <strong>-struct</strong>
option for details.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_tag"><strong>-x</strong> <em>TAG</em> (<strong>-exclude</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Exclude the specified tag.  There may be multiple <strong>-x</strong> options.  This has
the same effect as --<em>TAG</em> on the command line.  May also be used following
a <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option to exclude tags from being copied.
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<h3><a name="inputoutput_text_formatting">Input-output text formatting</a></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item_args"><strong>-args</strong> (<strong>-argFormat</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Output information in the form of exiftool arguments, suitable for use with
the <strong>-@</strong> option when writing.  May be combined with the <strong>-G</strong> option to
include group names.  This feature may be used to effectively copy tags
between images, but allows the metadata to be altered by editing the
intermediate file (<code>out.args</code> in this example):
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -args -G1 --filename --directory src.jpg &gt; out.args
    exiftool -@ out.args dst.jpg</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Note:  Be careful when copying information with this technique since it is
easy to write tags which are normally considered ``unsafe''.  For instance,
the FileName and Directory tags are excluded in the example above to avoid
renaming and moving the destination file.  Also note that the second command
above will produce warning messages for any tags which are not writable.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_b"><strong>-b</strong> (<strong>-binary</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Output requested data in binary format without tag names or descriptions.
This option is mainly used for extracting embedded images or other binary
data, but it may also be useful for some text strings since control
characters (such as newlines) are not replaced by '.' as they are in the
default output.  Also valid in combination with the <code>-X</code> option.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_fmt"><strong>-c</strong> <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-coordFormat</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set the print format for GPS coordinates.  <em>FMT</em> uses the same syntax as
the <code>printf</code> format string.  The specifiers correspond to degrees, minutes
and seconds in that order, but minutes and seconds are optional.  For
example, the following table gives the output for the same coordinate using
various formats:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
            FMT                  Output
    -------------------    ------------------
    &quot;%d deg %d' %.2f&quot;\&quot;    54 deg 59' 22.80&quot;  (default for reading)
    &quot;%d %d %.8f&quot;           54 59 22.80000000  (default for copying)
    &quot;%d deg %.4f min&quot;      54 deg 59.3800 min
    &quot;%.6f degrees&quot;         54.989667 degrees</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Notes:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>1) To avoid loss of precision, the default coordinate format is different
when copying tags using the <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>2) This print formatting may be disabled with the <strong>-n</strong> option to extract
coordinates as signed decimal degrees.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dcharset__5b_5btype_3d_5dcharset_5d"><strong>-charset</strong> [[<em>TYPE</em>=]<em>CHARSET</em>]</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
If <em>TYPE</em> is <code>ExifTool</code> or not specified, this option sets the ExifTool
character encoding for output tag values when reading and input values when
writing.  The default ExifTool encoding is <code>UTF8</code>.  If no <em>CHARSET</em> is
given, a list of available character sets is returned.  Valid <em>CHARSET</em>
values are:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    CHARSET     Alias(es)        Description
    ----------  ---------------  ----------------------------------
    UTF8        cp65001, UTF-8   UTF-8 characters (default)
    Latin       cp1252, Latin1   Windows Latin1 (West European)
    Latin2      cp1250           Windows Latin2 (Central European)
    Cyrillic    cp1251, Russian  Windows Cyrillic
    Greek       cp1253           Windows Greek
    Turkish     cp1254           Windows Turkish
    Hebrew      cp1255           Windows Hebrew
    Arabic      cp1256           Windows Arabic
    Baltic      cp1257           Windows Baltic
    Vietnam     cp1258           Windows Vietnamese
    Thai        cp874            Windows Thai
    MacRoman    cp10000, Roman   Macintosh Roman
    MacLatin2   cp10029          Macintosh Latin2 (Central Europe)
    MacCyrillic cp10007          Macintosh Cyrillic
    MacGreek    cp10006          Macintosh Greek
    MacTurkish  cp10081          Macintosh Turkish
    MacRomanian cp10010          Macintosh Romanian
    MacIceland  cp10079          Macintosh Icelandic
    MacCroatian cp10082          Macintosh Croatian</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Other values of <em>TYPE</em> listed below are used to specify the internal
encoding of various meta information formats.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    TYPE       Description                                  Default
    ---------  -------------------------------------------  -------
    ID3        Internal encoding of ID3v1 information       Latin
    IPTC       Internal IPTC encoding to assume when        Latin
                IPTC:CodedCharacterSet is not defined
    Photoshop  Internal encoding of Photoshop IRB strings   Latin</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>See <a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/faq.html#Q10">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/faq.html#Q10</a> for more
information about coded character sets.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dcsv_5b_3dcsvfile_5d"><strong>-csv</strong>[=<em>CSVFILE</em>]</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Export information in as a CSV file, or import information if <em>CSVFILE</em> is
specified.  The first row of the <em>CSVFILE</em> must be the ExifTool tag names
(with optional group names) for each column of the file.  A special
``SourceFile'' column specifies the files associated with each row of
information (a SourceFile of ``*'' may be used to apply the information to all
target images). The following examples demonstrate basic use of this option:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # generate CSV file with common tags from all images in a directory
    exiftool -common -csv dir &gt; out.csv</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # update metadata for all images in a directory from CSV file
    exiftool -csv=a.csv dir</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Empty values are ignored when importing.  To force a tag to be deleted, use
the <strong>-f</strong> option and set the value to ``-'' in the CSV file.  May be combined
with the <strong>-g</strong> or <strong>-G</strong> option to add group names to the tags.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Special feature:  <code>+=</code><em>CSVFILE</em> may be used to add items to existing
lists.  This affects only list-type tags.  Also applies to the <strong>-j</strong> option.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><strong>-d</strong> <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-dateFormat</strong>)</strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set the format for date/time tag values.  The specifics of the <em>FMT</em> syntax
are system dependent -- consult the <code>strftime</code> man page on your system for
details.  The default format is equivalent to ``%Y:%m:%d %H:%M:%S''.  This
option has no effect on date-only or time-only tags and ignores timezone
information if present.  Only one <strong>-d</strong> option may be used per command.  The
inverse operation (ie. un-formatting a date/time value) is currently not
applied when writing a date/time tag.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_d"><strong>-D</strong> (<strong>-decimal</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Show tag ID number in decimal when extracting information.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_ex"><strong>-E</strong>, <strong>-ex</strong> (<strong>-escapeHTML</strong>, <strong>-escapeXML</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Escape characters in output values for HTML (<strong>-E</strong>) or XML (<strong>-ex</strong>).  For
HTML, all characters with Unicode code points above U+007F are escaped as
well as the following 5 characters: &amp; (&amp;amp;) &#39; (&amp;#39;) &quot; (&amp;quot;)
&gt; (&amp;gt;) and &lt; (&amp;lt;).  For XML, only these 5 characters are
escaped.  The <strong>-E</strong> option is implied with <strong>-h</strong>, and <strong>-ex</strong> is implied with
<strong>-X</strong>.  The inverse conversion is applied when writing tags.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_f"><strong>-f</strong> (<strong>-forcePrint</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Force printing of tags even if their values are not found.  This option only
applies when tag names are specified.  May also be used to add a 'flags'
attribute to the <strong>-listx</strong> output, or to allow tags to be deleted with the
<strong>-csv</strong> option.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dg_5bnum_5d_5b_3anum_2e_2e_2e_5d__28_2dgrouphead"><strong>-g</strong>[<em>NUM</em>][:<em>NUM</em>...] (<strong>-groupHeadings</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Organize output by tag group.  <em>NUM</em> specifies a group family number, and
may be 0 (general location), 1 (specific location), 2 (category), 3
(document number) or 4 (instance number).  Multiple families may be
specified by separating them with colons.  By default the resulting group
name is simplified by removing any leading <code>Main:</code> and collapsing adjacent
identical group names, but this can be avoided by placing a colon before the
first family number (ie. <strong>-g:3:1</strong>).  If <em>NUM</em> is not specified, <strong>-g0</strong> is
assumed.  Use the <strong>-listg</strong> option to list group names for a specified
family.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dg_5bnum_5d_5b_3anum_2e_2e_2e_5d__28_2dgroupname"><strong>-G</strong>[<em>NUM</em>][:<em>NUM</em>...] (<strong>-groupNames</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Same as <strong>-g</strong> but print group name for each tag.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_h"><strong>-h</strong> (<strong>-htmlFormat</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Use HTML table formatting for output.  Implies the <strong>-E</strong> option.  The
formatting options <strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>, <strong>-g</strong>, <strong>-G</strong>, <strong>-l</strong> and <strong>-s</strong> may be used
in combination with <strong>-h</strong> to influence the HTML format.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_h"><strong>-H</strong> (<strong>-hex</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Show tag ID number in hexadecimal when extracting information.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dhtmldump_5boffset_5d"><strong>-htmlDump</strong>[<em>OFFSET</em>]</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Generate a dynamic web page containing a hex dump of the EXIF information.
This can be a very powerful tool for low-level analysis of EXIF information.
The <strong>-htmlDump</strong> option is also invoked if the <strong>-v</strong> and <strong>-h</strong> options are
used together.  The verbose level controls the maximum length of the blocks
dumped.  An <em>OFFSET</em> may be given to specify the base for displayed
offsets.  If not provided, the EXIF/TIFF base offset is used.  Use
<strong>-htmlDump0</strong> for absolute offsets.  Currently only EXIF/TIFF and JPEG
information is dumped, but the -u option can be used to give a raw hex dump
of other file formats.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dj_5b_3djsonfile_5d__28_2djson_29"><strong>-j</strong>[=<em>JSONFILE</em>] (<strong>-json</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Use JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) formatting for console output, or
import JSON file if <em>JSONFILE</em> is specified.  This option may be combined
with <strong>-g</strong> to organize the output into objects by group, or <strong>-G</strong> to add
group names to each tag.  List-type tags with multiple items are output as
JSON arrays unless <strong>-sep</strong> is used.  By default XMP structures are flattened
into individual tags in the JSON output, but the original structure may be
preserved with the <strong>-struct</strong> option (this also causes all List-type XMP
tags to be output as JSON arrays, otherwise single-item lists would be
output as simple strings).  The <strong>-a</strong> option is implied if the <strong>-g</strong> or
<strong>-G</strong> options are used, otherwise it is ignored and duplicate tags are
suppressed.  The <strong>-b</strong>, <strong>-L</strong> and <strong>-charset</strong> options have no effect on the
JSON output.
</dd>
<dd>
<p>If <em>JSONFILE</em> is specified, the file is imported and the tag definitions
from the file are used to set tag values on a per-file basis.  The special
``SourceFile'' entry in each JSON object associates the information with a
specific target file (see the <strong>-csv</strong> option for details).  The imported
JSON file must have the same format as the exported JSON files with the
exception that the <strong>-g</strong> option is not compatible with the import file
format (use <strong>-G</strong> instead).  Additionally, tag names in the input JSON file
may be suffixed with a <code>#</code> to disable print conversion.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_l"><strong>-l</strong> (<strong>-long</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Use long 2-line Canon-style output format.  Adds a description and
unconverted value to the XML output when <strong>-X</strong> is used.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_l"><strong>-L</strong> (<strong>-latin</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Use Windows Latin1 encoding (cp1252) for output tag values instead of the
default UTF-8.  When writing, <strong>-L</strong> specifies that input text values are
Latin1 instead of UTF-8.  Equivalent to <code>-charset latin</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dlang__5blang_5d"><strong>-lang</strong> [<em>LANG</em>]</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set current language for tag descriptions and converted values.  <em>LANG</em> is
<code>de</code>, <code>fr</code>, <code>ja</code>, etc.  Use <strong>-lang</strong> with no other arguments to get a
list of available languages.  The default language is <code>en</code> if <strong>-lang</strong> is
not specified.  Note that tag/group names are always English, independent of
the <strong>-lang</strong> setting, and translation of warning/error messages has not yet
been implemented.
</dd>
<dd>
<p>By default, ExifTool uses UTF-8 encoding for special characters, but the
the <strong>-L</strong> or <strong>-charset</strong> option may be used to invoke other encodings.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Currently, the language support is not complete, but users are welcome to
help improve this by submitting their own translations.  To submit a set of
translations, first use the <strong>-listx</strong> option and redirect the output to a
file to generate an XML tag database, then add entries for other languages,
zip this file, and email it to phil at owl.phy.queensu.ca for inclusion in
ExifTool.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_n"><strong>-n</strong> (<strong>--printConv</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Read and write values as numbers instead of words.  By default, extracted
values are converted to a more human-readable format for printing, but the
<strong>-n</strong> option disables this print conversion for all tags.  For example:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    &gt; exiftool -Orientation -S a.jpg
    Orientation: Rotate 90 CW
    &gt; exiftool -Orientation -S -n a.jpg
    Orientation: 6</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>The print conversion may also be disabled on a per-tag basis by suffixing
the tag name with a <code>#</code> character:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    &gt; exiftool -Orientation# -Orientation -S a.jpg
    Orientation: 6
    Orientation: Rotate 90 CW</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>These techniques may also be used to disable the inverse print conversion
when writing.  For example, the following commands all have the same effect:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    &gt; exiftool -Orientation='Rotate 90 CW' a.jpg
    &gt; exiftool -Orientation=6 -n a.jpg
    &gt; exiftool -Orientation#=6 a.jpg</pre>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_str"><strong>-p</strong> <em>FMTFILE</em> or <em>STR</em> (<strong>-printFormat</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print output in the format specified by the given file or string (and ignore
other format options).  Tag names in the format file or string begin with a
<code>$</code> symbol and may contain a leading group name and/or a trailing <code>#</code>. 
Case is not significant.  Braces <code>{}</code> may be used around the tag name to
separate it from subsequent text.  Use <code>$$</code> to represent a <code>$</code> symbol, and
<code>$/</code> for a newline.  Multiple <strong>-p</strong> options may be used, each contributing
a line of text to the output.  Lines beginning with <code>#[HEAD]</code> and
<code>#[TAIL]</code> are output only for the first and last processed files
respectively.  Lines beginning with <code>#[BODY]</code> and lines not beginning with
<code>#</code> are output for each processed file.  Other lines beginning with <code>#</code>
are ignored.  For example, this format file:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # this is a comment line
    #[HEAD]# Generated by ExifTool $exifToolVersion
    File: $FileName - $DateTimeOriginal
    (f/$Aperture, ${ShutterSpeed}s, ISO $EXIF:ISO)
    #[TAIL]# end</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>with this command:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -p test.fmt a.jpg b.jpg</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>produces output like this:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # Generated by ExifTool 8.10
    File: a.jpg - 2003:10:31 15:44:19
    (f/5.6, 1/60s, ISO 100)
    File: b.jpg - 2006:05:23 11:57:38
    (f/8.0, 1/13s, ISO 100)
    # end</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>When <strong>-ee</strong> (<strong>-extractEmbedded</strong>) is combined with <strong>-p</strong>, embedded documents
are effectively processed as separate input files.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>If a specified tag does not exist, a minor warning is issued and the line
with the missing tag is not printed.  However, the <strong>-f</strong> option may be used
to set the value of missing tags to '-', or the <strong>-m</strong> option may be used to
ignore minor warnings and leave the missing values empty.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2ds_5bnum_5d__28_2dshort_29"><strong>-s</strong>[<em>NUM</em>] (<strong>-short</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Short output format.  Prints tag names instead of descriptions.  Add <em>NUM</em>
or up to 3 <strong>-s</strong> options for even shorter formats:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    -s1 or -s        - print tag names instead of descriptions
    -s2 or -s -s     - no extra spaces to column-align values
    -s3 or -s -s -s  - print values only</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Also effective when combined with <strong>-t</strong>, <strong>-h</strong>, <strong>-X</strong> or <strong>-listx</strong> options.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_s"><strong>-S</strong> (<strong>-veryShort</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Very short format.  The same as <strong>-s2</strong> (or two <strong>-s</strong> options).  Tag names
are printed instead of descriptions, and no extra spaces are added to
column-align values.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><strong>-sep</strong> <em>STR</em> (<strong>-separator</strong>)</strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Specify separator string for items in List-type tags.  When reading, the
default is ``, ''.  When writing, this option causes values assigned to
list-type tags to be split into individual items at each substring matching
specified separator.  Space characters in the separator string match zero or
more whitespace characters.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dstruct_2c__2d_2dstruct"><strong>-struct</strong>, <strong>--struct</strong></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Output structured XMP information instead of flattening to individual tags.
This option works well when combined with the XML (<strong>-X</strong>) and JSON (<strong>-j</strong>)
output formats.  For other output formats, the structures are serialized
into the same format as when writing structured information (see
<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html</a> for details).  This
option is enabled by default when copying tags to allow the preservation of
complex structures, but this feature may be disabled with <strong>--struct</strong>. These
options have no effect when assigning new values since both flattened tags
and structured tags may always be written.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_t"><strong>-t</strong> (<strong>-tab</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Output a tab-delimited list of description/values (useful for database
import).  May be combined with <strong>-s</strong> to print tag names instead of
descriptions, or <strong>-S</strong> to print tag values only, tab-delimited on a single
line.  The <strong>-t</strong> option may also be used to add tag table information to the
<strong>-X</strong> option output.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_t"><strong>-T</strong> (<strong>-table</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Output tag values in table form.  Equivalent to <strong>-t -S -q -f</strong>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dv_5bnum_5d__28_2dverbose_29"><strong>-v</strong>[<em>NUM</em>] (<strong>-verbose</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print verbose messages.  <em>NUM</em> specifies the level of verbosity in the
range 0-5, with higher numbers being more verbose.  If <em>NUM</em> is not given,
then each <strong>-v</strong> option increases the level of verbosity by 1.  With any
level greater than 0, most other options are ignored and normal console
output is suppressed unless specific tags are extracted.  Using <strong>-v0</strong>
causes the console output buffer to be flushed after each line (which may be
useful to avoid delays when piping exiftool output), and prints the name of
each processed file when writing.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><strong>-w</strong>[!] <em>EXT</em> or <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-textOut</strong>)</strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Write console output to files with names ending in <em>EXT</em>, one for each
source file.  The output file name is obtained by replacing the source file
extension (including the '.') with the specified extension (and a '.' is
added to the start of <em>EXT</em> if it doesn't already contain one).
Alternatively, a <em>FMT</em> string may be used to give more control over the
output file name and directory.  In the format string, %d, %f and %e
represent the directory, filename and extension of the source file, and %c
represents a copy number which is automatically incremented if the file
already exists.  %d includes the trailing '/' if necessary, but %e does not
include the leading '.'.  For example:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    -w %d%f.txt       # same effect as &quot;-w txt&quot;
    -w dir/%f_%e.out  # write files to &quot;dir&quot; as &quot;FILE_EXT.out&quot;
    -w dir2/%d%f.txt  # write to &quot;dir2&quot;, keeping dir structure
    -w a%c.txt        # write to &quot;a.txt&quot; or &quot;a1.txt&quot; or &quot;a2.txt&quot;...</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Existing files will not be overwritten unless an exclamation point is added
to the option name (ie. <strong>-w!</strong> or <strong>-textOut!</strong>).  Output directories are
created automatically if necessary.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Notes:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>1) In a Windows BAT file the <code>%</code> character is represented by <code>%%</code>, so an
argument like <code>%d%f.txt</code> is written as <code>%%d%%f.txt</code>.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>2) It is not possible to specify a simple filename as an argument for <strong>-w</strong>.
Instead, this simple case is accomplished using shell redirection:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool FILE &gt; out.txt</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Advanced features:  A substring of the original file name, directory or
extension may be taken by specifying a field width immediately following the
'%' character.  If the width is negative, the substring is taken from the
end.  The substring position (characters to ignore at the start or end of
the string) may be given by a second optional value after a decimal point.
For example:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    Input File Name     Format Specifier    Output File Name
    ----------------    ----------------    ----------------
    Picture-123.jpg     %7f.txt             Picture.txt
    Picture-123.jpg     %-.4f.out           Picture.out
    Picture-123.jpg     %7f.%-3f            Picture.123
    Picture-123a.jpg    Meta%-3.1f.txt      Meta123.txt</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>For %c, these modifiers have a different effects.  If a field width is
given, the copy number is padded with zeros to the specified width.  A
leading '-' adds a dash before the copy number, and a '+' adds an underline.
By default, a copy number of zero is omitted, but this can be changed by
adding a decimal point to the modifier.  For example:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    -w A%-cZ.txt      # AZ.txt, A-1Z.txt, A-2Z.txt ...
    -w B%5c.txt       # B.txt, B00001.txt, B00002.txt ...
    -w C%.c.txt       # C0.txt, C1.txt, C2.txt ...
    -w D%-.c.txt      # D-0.txt, D-1.txt, D-2.txt ...
    -w E%-.4c.txt     # E-0000.txt, E-0001.txt, E-0002.txt ...
    -w F%-.4nc.txt    # F-0001.txt, F-0002.txt, F-0003.txt ...
    -w G%+c.txt       # G.txt, G_1.txt G_2.txt ...
    -w H%-lc.txt      # H.txt, H-b.txt, H-c.txt ...</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>A special feature allows the copy number to be incremented for each
processed file by using %C (upper case) instead of %c.  This allows a
sequential number to be added to output file names, even if the names are
different.  For %C, the number before the decimal place gives the starting
index, and the number after the decimal place gives the field width.  The
following examples show the output filenames when used with the command
<code>exiftool rose.jpg star.jpg jet.jpg ...</code>:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    -w %C%f.txt       # 0rose.txt, 1star.txt, 2jet.txt
    -w %f-%10C.txt    # rose-10.txt, star-11.txt, jet-12.txt
    -w %.3C-%f.txt    # 000-rose.txt, 001-star.txt, 002-jet.txt
    -w %57.4C%f.txt   # 0057rose.txt, 0058star.txt, 0059jet.txt</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>All format codes may be modified by 'l' or 'u' to specify lower or upper
case respectively (ie. <code>%le</code> for a lower case file extension).  When used
to modify %c or %C, the numbers are changed to an alphabetical base (see
example H above).  Also, %c may be modified by 'n' to count using natural
numbers starting from 1, instead of 0 (see example F).</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>This same <em>FMT</em> syntax is used with the <strong>-o</strong> and <strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> options,
although %c is only valid for output file names.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_x"><strong>-X</strong> (<strong>-xmlFormat</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Use RDF/XML formatting for console output.  Implies the <strong>-a</strong> option, so
duplicate tags are extracted.  The formatting options <strong>-b</strong>, <strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong>,
<strong>-l</strong>, <strong>-s</strong>, <strong>-sep</strong>, <strong>-struct</strong> and <strong>-t</strong> may be used in combination with
<strong>-X</strong> to affect the output, but note that the tag ID (<strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong> and
<strong>-t</strong>), binary data (<strong>-b</strong>) and structured output (<strong>-struct</strong>) options are
not effective for the short output (<strong>-s</strong>).  Another restriction of <strong>-s</strong> is
that only one tag with a given group and name may appear in the output. 
Note that the tag ID options (<strong>-D</strong>, <strong>-H</strong> and <strong>-t</strong>) will produce
non-standard RDF/XML unless the <strong>-l</strong> option is also used.  By default,
list-type tags with multiple values are formatted as an RDF Bag, but they
are combined into a single string when <strong>-s</strong> or <strong>-sep</strong> is used.  Using
<strong>-L</strong> changes the XML encoding from ``UTF-8'' to ``windows-1252''.  Other
<strong>-charset</strong> settings change the encoding only if there is a corresponding
standard XML character set.  The <strong>-b</strong> option causes binary data values to
be written, encoded in base64 if necessary.  The <strong>-t</strong> option adds tag table
information to the output (table <code>name</code>, decimal tag <code>id</code>, and <code>index</code>
for cases where multiple conditional tags exist with the same ID).
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<h3><a name="processing_control">Processing control</a></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item_a"><strong>-a</strong>, <strong>--a</strong> (<strong>-duplicates</strong>, <strong>--duplicates</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Allow (<strong>-a</strong>) or suppress (<strong>--a</strong>) duplicate tag names to be extracted.  By
default, duplicate tags are suppressed unless the <strong>-ee</strong> or <strong>-X</strong> options
are used or the Duplicates option is enabled in the configuration file.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_e"><strong>-e</strong> (<strong>--composite</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract existing tags only -- don't calculate composite tags.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_ee"><strong>-ee</strong> (<strong>-extractEmbedded</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract information from embedded documents in EPS and PDF files, embedded
MPF images in JPEG and MPO files, streaming metadata in AVCHD videos, and
the resource fork of Mac OS files.  Implies the <strong>-a</strong> option.  Use <strong>-g3</strong> or
<strong>-G3</strong> to identify the originating document for extracted information.
Embedded documents containing sub-documents are indicated with dashes in the
family 3 group name.  (ie. <code>Doc2-3</code> is the 3rd sub-document of the 2nd
embedded document.)
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_ext"><strong>-ext</strong> <em>EXT</em>, <strong>--ext</strong> <em>EXT</em> (<strong>-extension</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Process only files with (<strong>-ext</strong>) or without (<strong>--ext</strong>) a specified
extension.  There may be multiple <strong>-ext</strong> and <strong>--ext</strong> options.  Extensions
may begin with a leading '.', and case is not significant.  For example:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -ext .JPG DIR            # process only JPG files
    exiftool --ext crw --ext dng DIR  # process all but CRW and DNG
    exiftool --ext . DIR              # ignore if no extension</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Using this option has two main advantages over specifying <code>*.EXT</code> on the
command line:  1) It applies to files in subdirectories when combined with
the <strong>-r</strong> option.  2) The <strong>-ext</strong> option is case-insensitive, which is
useful when processing files on case-sensitive filesystems.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2df_5boffset_5d__28_2dfixbase_29"><strong>-F</strong>[<em>OFFSET</em>] (<strong>-fixBase</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Fix the base for maker notes offsets.  A common problem with some image
editors is that offsets in the maker notes are not adjusted properly when
the file is modified.  This may cause the wrong values to be extracted for
some maker note entries when reading the edited file.  This option allows an
integer <em>OFFSET</em> to be specified for adjusting the maker notes base offset.
If no <em>OFFSET</em> is given, ExifTool takes its best guess at the correct base.
Note that exiftool will automatically fix the offsets for images which store
original offset information (ie. newer Canon models).  Offsets are fixed
permanently if <strong>-F</strong> is used when writing EXIF to an image. ie)
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -F -exif:resolutionunit=inches image.jpg</pre>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dfast_5bnum_5d"><strong>-fast</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Increase speed of extracting information from JPEG images.  With this
option, ExifTool will not scan to the end of a JPEG image to check for an
AFCP or PreviewImage trailer, or past the first comment in GIF images or the
audio/video data in WAV/AVI files to search for additional metadata.  These
speed benefits are small when reading images directly from disk, but can be
substantial if piping images through a network connection.  For more
substantial speed benefits, <strong>-fast2</strong> also causes exiftool to avoid
extracting any EXIF MakerNote information.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dfileorder__5b_2d_5dtag"><strong>-fileOrder</strong> [-]<em>TAG</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set file processing order according to the sorted value of the specified
<em>TAG</em>.  For example, to process files in order of date:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -fileOrder DateTimeOriginal DIR</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Additional <strong>-fileOrder</strong> options may be added as secondary sort keys. 
Floating point values are sorted numerically, and all other values are
sorted alphabetically.  The sort order may be reversed by prefixing the tag
name with a <code>-</code> (ie. <code>-fileOrder -createdate</code>).  A <code>#</code> may be appended to
the tag name to disable print conversion for the sorted values.  Note that
this option has a large performance impact since it involves an additional
processing pass of each file.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_dir"><strong>-i</strong> <em>DIR</em> (<strong>-ignore</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Ignore specified directory name.  Use multiple <strong>-i</strong> options to ignore more
than one directory name.  A special <em>DIR</em> value of <code>SYMLINKS</code> (case
sensitive) may be specified to ignore symbolic links when the <strong>-r</strong> option
is used.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dif_expr"><strong>-if</strong> <em>EXPR</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Specify a condition to be evaluated before processing each <em>FILE</em>.  <em>EXPR</em>
is a Perl-like expression containing tag names prefixed by <code>$</code> symbols.  It
is evaluated with the tags from each <em>FILE</em> in turn, and the file is
processed only if the expression returns true.  Unlike Perl variable names,
tag names are not case sensitive and may contain a hyphen.  As well, tag
names may have a leading group name separated by a colon, and/or a trailing
<code>#</code> character to disable print conversion.  When multiple <strong>-if</strong> options
are used, all conditions must be satisfied to process the file. Returns an
exit status of 1 if all files fail the condition.  Below are a few examples:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # extract shutterspeed from all Canon images in a directory
    exiftool -shutterspeed -if '$make eq &quot;Canon&quot;' dir</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # add one hour to all images created on or after Apr. 2, 2006
    exiftool -alldates+=1 -if '$CreateDate ge &quot;2006:04:02&quot;' dir</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # set EXIF ISO value if possible, unless it is set already
    exiftool '-exif:iso&lt;iso' -if 'not $exif:iso' dir</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    # find images containing a specific keyword (case insensitive)
    exiftool -if '$keywords =~ /harvey/i' -filename dir</pre>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_m"><strong>-m</strong> (<strong>-ignoreMinorErrors</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Ignore minor errors and warnings.  This enables writing to files with minor
errors and disables some validation checks which could result in minor
warnings.  Generally, minor errors/warnings indicate a problem which usually
won't result in loss of metadata if ignored.  However, there are exceptions,
so ExifTool leaves it up to you to make the final decision.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><strong>-o</strong> <em>OUTFILE</em> or <em>FMT</em> (<strong>-out</strong>)</strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set the output file or directory name when writing information.  (Without
this option, the original file is renamed to <code>FILE_original</code> and output is
sent to <em>FILE</em>.)  <em>OUTFILE</em> may be <code>-</code> to write to stdout.  The output
file name may also be specified using a <em>FMT</em> string in which %d, %f and %e
represent the directory, file name and extension of <em>FILE</em>.  Also, %c may
be used to add a copy number.  See the <strong>-w</strong> option for <em>FMT</em> string
examples.
</dd>
<dd>
<p>The output file is taken to be a directory name if it already exists as a
directory or if the name ends with '/'.  Output directories are created if
necessary.  Existing files will not be overwritten.  Combining the
<strong>-overwrite_original</strong> option with <strong>-o</strong> causes the original source file to
be erased after the output file is successfully written.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>A special feature of this option allows the creation of certain types of
files from scratch.  Currently, this can be done with XMP, ICC/ICM, MIE, VRD
and EXIF files by specifying the appropriate extension for <em>OUTFILE</em>.  The
file is then created from a combination of information in <em>FILE</em> (as if the
<strong>-tagsFromFile</strong> option was used), and tag values assigned on the command
line.  If no <em>FILE</em> is specified, the output file may be created from
scratch using only tags assigned on the command line.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2doverwrite_original"><strong>-overwrite_original</strong></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Overwrite the original <em>FILE</em> (instead of preserving it by adding
<code>_original</code> to the file name) when writing information to an image.
Caution: This option should only be used if you already have separate backup
copies of your image files.  The overwrite is implemented by renaming a
temporary file to replace the original.  This deletes the original file and
replaces it with the edited version in a single operation.  When combined
with <strong>-o</strong>, this option causes the original file to be deleted if the output
file was successfully written.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2doverwrite_original_in_place"><strong>-overwrite_original_in_place</strong></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Similar to <strong>-overwrite_original</strong> except that an extra step is added to
allow the original file attributes to be preserved.  For example, on a Mac
this causes the original file creation date, ownership, type, creator, label
color and icon to be preserved.  This is implemented by opening the original
file in update mode and replacing its data with a copy of a temporary file
before deleting the temporary.  The extra step results in slower
performance, so the <strong>-overwrite_original</strong> option should be used instead
unless necessary.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_p"><strong>-P</strong> (<strong>-preserve</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Preserve the filesystem modification date/time of the original file
(<code>FileModifyDate</code>) when writing.  Note that some filesystems (ie. Mac and
Windows) store a creation date which is not preserved by this option.  For
these systems, the <strong>-overwrite_original_in_place</strong> option may be used to
preserve the creation date.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dpassword_passwd"><strong>-password</strong> <em>PASSWD</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Specify password to allow processing of password-protected PDF documents. 
If a password is required but not given, a warning is issued and the
document is not processed.  Ignored if a password is not required.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_q"><strong>-q</strong> (<strong>-quiet</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Quiet processing.  One <strong>-q</strong> suppresses normal informational messages, and a
second <strong>-q</strong> suppresses warnings as well.  Error messages can not be
suppressed, although minor errors may be downgraded to warnings with the
<strong>-m</strong> option.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_r"><strong>-r</strong> (<strong>-recurse</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Recursively process files in subdirectories.  Only meaningful if <em>FILE</em> is
a directory name.  By default, exiftool will also follow symbolic links to
directories if supported by the system, but this may be disabled with
<code>-i SYMLINKS</code> (see the <strong>-i</strong> option for details).
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dscanforxmp"><strong>-scanForXMP</strong></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Scan all files (even unsupported formats) for XMP information unless found
already.  When combined with the <strong>-fast</strong> option, only unsupported file
types are scanned.  Warning: It can be time consuming to scan large files.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_u"><strong>-u</strong> (<strong>-unknown</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract values of unknown tags.  Add another <strong>-u</strong> to also extract unknown
information from binary data blocks.  This option applies to tags with
numerical tag ID's, and causes tag names like ``Exif_0xc5d9'' to be generated
for unknown information.  It has no effect on information types which have
human-readable tag ID's (such as XMP), since unknown tags are extracted
automatically from these formats.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_u"><strong>-U</strong> (<strong>-unknown2</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract values of unknown tags as well as unknown information from some
binary data blocks.  This is the same as two <strong>-u</strong> options.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_z"><strong>-z</strong> (<strong>-zip</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
When reading, causes information to be extracted from .gz and .bz2
compressed images.  (Only one image per archive. Requires gzip and bzip2 to
be installed on the system.)  When writing, causes compressed information to
be written if supported by the image format.  (ie. The PNG format supports
compressed text.)
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<h3><a name="special_features">Special features</a></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dgeotag_trkfile"><strong>-geotag</strong> <em>TRKFILE</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Geotag images from the specified GPS track log file.  Using the <strong>-geotag</strong>
option is equivalent to writing a value to the <code>Geotag</code> tag.  After the
<strong>-geotag</strong> option has been specified, the value of the <code>Geotime</code> tag is
written to define a date/time for the position interpolation.  If <code>Geotime</code>
is not specified, the value is copied from <code>DateTimeOriginal</code>.  For
example, the following two commands are equivalent:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -geotag track.log image.jpg
    exiftool -geotag &quot;-Geotime&lt;DateTimeOriginal&quot; image.jpg</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>When the <code>Geotime</code> value is converted to UTC, the local system timezone is
assumed unless the date/time value contains a timezone.  Writing <code>Geotime</code>
causes the following 8 EXIF tags to be created:  GPSLatitude,
GPSLatitudeRef, GPSLongitude, GPSLongitudeRef, GPSAltitude, GPSAltitudeRef,
GPSDateStamp and GPSTimeStamp.  Alternately <code>XMP:Geotime</code> may be written to
create the following 5 XMP tags: GPSLatitude, GPSLongitude, GPSAltitude,
GPSAltitudeRef and GPSDateTime.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>The <code>Geosync</code> tag may be used to specify a time correction which is applied
to each <code>Geotime</code> value for synchronization with GPS time.  For example,
the following command compensates for image times which are 1 minute and 20
seconds behind GPS:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -geosync=+1:20 -geotag a.log DIR</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p><code>Geosync</code> must be set before <code>Geotime</code> (if specified) to be effective.
Advanced <code>Geosync</code> features allow a linear time drift correction and
synchronization from previously geotagged images.  See ``geotag.html'' in the
full ExifTool distribution for more information.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Multiple <strong>-geotag</strong> options may be used to concatinate GPS track log data.
Also, a single <strong>-geotag</strong> option may be used to load multiple track log
files by using wildcards in the <em>TRKFILE</em> name, but note that in this case
<em>TRKFILE</em> must be quoted on most systems (with the notable exception of
Windows) to prevent filename expansion.  For example:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -geotag &quot;TRACKDIR/*.log&quot; IMAGEDIR</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Currently supported track file formats are GPX, NMEA RMC/GGA/GLL, KML, IGC,
Garmin XML and TCX, and Magellan PMGNTRK.  See <a href="#geotagging_examples">GEOTAGGING EXAMPLES</a> for
examples.  Also see ``geotag.html'' in the full ExifTool distribution and the
<a href="ExifTool.html#options">Image::ExifTool Options</a> for more details and
for information about geotag configuration options.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2duse_module"><strong>-use</strong> <em>MODULE</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Add features from specified plug-in <em>MODULE</em>.  Currently, the MWG module is
the only plug-in module distributed with exiftool.  This module adds
read/write support for tags as recommended by the Metadata Working Group. 
To save typing, <code>-use MWG</code> is assumed if the <code>MWG</code> group is specified for
any tag on the command line.  See the
<a href="TagNames/MWG.html">MWG Tags documentation</a> for more
details.
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<h3><a name="utilities">Utilities</a></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2drestore_original"><strong>-restore_original</strong></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2ddelete_original_5b_21_5d"><strong>-delete_original</strong>[!]</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
These utility options automate the maintenance of the <code>_original</code> files
created by exiftool.  They have no effect on files without an <code>_original</code>
copy.  The <strong>-restore_original</strong> option restores the specified files from
their original copies by renaming the <code>_original</code> files to replace the
edited versions.  For example, the following command restores the originals
of all .jpeg images in directory <a href="#item_dir"><code>DIR</code></a>:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -restore_original -ext jpg DIR</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>The <strong>-delete_original</strong> option deletes the <code>_original</code> copies of all files
specified on the command line.  Without a trailing <code>!</code> this option prompts
for confirmation before continuing.  For example, the following command
deletes <code>a.jpg_original</code> if it exists, after asking ``Are you sure?'':</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    exiftool -delete_original a.jpg</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>These options may not be used with other options to read or write tag values
in the same command, but may be combined with options such <strong>-ext</strong>, <strong>-if</strong>,
<strong>-r</strong>, <strong>-q</strong> and <strong>-v</strong>.</p>
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<h3><a name="other_options">Other options</a></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2d_40_argfile"><strong>-@</strong> <em>ARGFILE</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Read command-line arguments from the specified file.  The file contains one
argument per line (NOT one option per line -- some options require
additional arguments which must be placed on separate lines).  Blank lines
and lines beginning with <code>#</code> and are ignored.  Normal shell processing of
arguments is not performed, which among other things means that arguments
should not be quoted.  <em>ARGFILE</em> may exist relative to either the current
directory or the exiftool directory unless an absolute pathname is given.
</dd>
<dd>
<p>For example, the following <em>ARGFILE</em> will set the value of Copyright to
``Copyright YYYY, Phil Harvey'', where ``YYYY'' is the year of CreateDate:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    -d
    %Y
    -copyright&lt;Copyright $createdate, Phil Harvey</pre>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_k"><strong>-k</strong> (<strong>-pause</strong>)</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Pause with the message <code>-- press any key --</code> or <code>-- press RETURN --</code>
(depending on your system) before terminating.  This option is used to
prevent the command window from closing when run as a Windows drag and drop
application.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dlist_2c__2dlistw_2c__2dlistf_2c__2dlistr_2c__2d"><strong>-list</strong>, <strong>-listw</strong>, <strong>-listf</strong>, <strong>-listr</strong>, <strong>-listwf</strong>,
<strong>-listg</strong>[<em>NUM</em>], <strong>-listd</strong>, <strong>-listx</strong></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print a list of all valid tag names (<strong>-list</strong>), all writable tag names
(<strong>-listw</strong>), all supported file extensions (<strong>-listff</strong>), all recognized file
extensions (<strong>-listr</strong>), all writable file extensions (<strong>-listwf</strong>), all tag
groups [in a specified family] (<strong>-listg</strong>[<em>NUM</em>]), all deletable tag groups
(<strong>-listd</strong>), or an XML database of tag details (<strong>-listx</strong>).  The <strong>-list</strong>,
<strong>-listw</strong> and <strong>-listx</strong> options may be followed by an additional argument of
the form <code>-GROUP:All</code> to list all tags in a specific group, where <code>GROUP</code>
is one or more family 0-2 group names (excepting EXIF IFD groups) separated
by colons.  With <strong>-listg</strong>, <em>NUM</em> may be given to specify the group family,
otherwise family 0 is assumed.  When combined with <strong>-listx</strong>, the <strong>-s</strong>
option shortens the output by omitting the descriptions and values, and
<strong>-f</strong> adds a 'flags' attribute.  Here are some examples:
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    -list               # list all tag names
    -list -EXIF:All     # list all EXIF tags
    -list -xmp:time:all # list all XMP tags relating to time
    -listw -XMP-dc:All  # list all writable XMP-dc tags
    -listf              # list all supported file extensions
    -listr              # list all recognized file extensions
    -listwf             # list all writable file extensions
    -listg1             # list all groups in family 1
    -listd              # list all deletable groups
    -listx -EXIF:All    # list database of EXIF tags in XML format
    -listx -XMP:All -s  # list short XML database of XMP tags</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>Note that none of the <strong>-list</strong> options require an input <em>FILE</em>.</p>
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dver"><strong>-ver</strong></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print exiftool version number.
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<h3><a name="advanced_options">Advanced options</a></h3>
<p>Among other things, the advanced options allow complex processing to be
performed from a single command without the need for additional scripting.
This may be particularly useful for implementations such as Windows
drag-and-drop applications.  These options may also be used to improve
performance in multi-pass processing by reducing the overhead required to
load exiftool for each invocation.</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dcommon_args"><strong>-common_args</strong></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Specifies that all arguments following this option are common to all
executed commands when <strong>-execute</strong> is used.  This and the <strong>-config</strong> option
are the only options that may not be used inside a <strong>-@</strong> <em>ARGFILE</em>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dconfig_cfgfile"><strong>-config</strong> <em>CFGFILE</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Load specified configuration file instead of the default ``.ExifTool_config''.
If used, this option must come before all other arguments on the command
line.  The <em>CFGFILE</em> name may contain a directory specification (otherwise
the file must exist in the current directory), or may be set to an empty
string (``'') to disable loading of the config file.  See the sample
configuration file and ``config.html'' in the full ExifTool distribution for
more information about the ExifTool configuration file.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dexecute"><strong>-execute</strong></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Execute command for all arguments up to this point on the command line.
Allows multiple commands to be executed from a single command line.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dsrcfile_fmt"><strong>-srcfile</strong> <em>FMT</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Specify a different source file to be processed based on the name of the
original <em>FILE</em>.  This may be useful in some special situations for
processing related preview images or sidecar files.  See the <strong>-w</strong> option
for a description of the <em>FMT</em> syntax.  Note that file name <em>FMT</em> strings
for all options are based on the original <em>FILE</em> specified from the command
line, not the name of the source file specified by <strong>-srcfile</strong>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item__2dstay_open_flag"><strong>-stay_open</strong> <em>FLAG</em></a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
If <em>FLAG</em> is <code>1</code> or <code>True</code>, causes exiftool keep reading from the <strong>-@</strong>
<em>ARGFILE</em> even after reaching the end of file.  This feature allows calling
applications to pre-load exiftool, thus avoiding the overhead of loading
exiftool for each command.  The procedure is as follows:
</dd>
<dd>
<p>1) Execute <code>exiftool -stay_open True -@ ARGFILE</code>, where <em>ARGFILE</em> is the
name of an existing (possibly empty) argument file or <code>-</code> to pipe arguments
from the standard input.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>2) Write exiftool command-line arguments to <em>ARGFILE</em>, one argument per
line (see the <strong>-@</strong> option for details).</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>3) Write <code>-execute\n</code> to <em>ARGFILE</em>, where <code>\n</code> represents a newline
sequence.  (Note: You may need to flush your write buffers here if using
buffered output.)  Exiftool will then execute the command with the arguments
received up to this point, send a ``{ready}'' message to stdout when done
(unless the <strong>-q</strong> option is used), and continue trying to read arguments for
the next command from <em>ARGFILE</em>.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>4) Repeat steps 2 and 3 for each command.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>5) Write <code>-stay_open\nFalse\n</code> to <em>ARGFILE</em> when done.  This will cause
exiftool to process any remaining arguments then exit normally.</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>The input <em>ARGFILE</em> may be changed at any time before step 5 above by
writing the following lines to the currently open <em>ARGFILE</em>:</p>
</dd>
<dd>
<pre>
    -stay_open
    True
    -@
    NEWARGFILE</pre>
</dd>
<dd>
<p>This causes <em>ARGFILE</em> to be closed, and <em>NEWARGFILE</em> to be kept open.
(Without the <strong>-stay_open</strong> here, exiftool would have returned to reading
arguments from <em>ARGFILE</em> after reaching the end of <em>NEWARGFILE</em>.)</p>
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="reading_examples">READING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: Beware when cutting and pasting these examples into your terminal!
Some characters such as single and double quotes and hyphens may have been
changed into similar-looking but functionally-different characters by the
text formatter used to display this documentation.  Also note that Windows
users must use double quotes instead of single quotes as below around
arguments containing special characters.</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2da__2du__2dg1_a_2ejpg">exiftool -a -u -g1 a.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print all meta information in an image, including duplicate and unknown
tags, sorted by group (for family 1).
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dcommon_dir">exiftool -common dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print common meta information for all images in <code>dir</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dt__2dcreatedate__2daperture__2dshutter">exiftool -T -createdate -aperture -shutterspeed -iso dir &gt; out.txt</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
List specified meta information in tab-delimited column form for all images
in <code>dir</code> to an output text file named ``out.txt''.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2ds__2dimagesize__2dexposuretime_b_2ejpg">exiftool -s -ImageSize -ExposureTime b.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print ImageSize and ExposureTime tag names and values.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dl__2dcanon_c_2ejpg_d_2ejpg">exiftool -l -canon c.jpg d.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print standard Canon information from two image files.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dr__2dw__2etxt__2dcommon_pictures">exiftool -r -w .txt -common pictures</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Recursively extract common meta information from files in <code>pictures</code>
directory, writing text output to <code>.txt</code> files with the same names.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2db__2dthumbnailimage_image_2ejpg__3e_th">exiftool -b -ThumbnailImage image.jpg &gt; thumbnail.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Save thumbnail image from <code>image.jpg</code> to a file called <code>thumbnail.jpg</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2db__2djpgfromraw__2dw__jfr_2ejpg__2dext">exiftool -b -JpgFromRaw -w _JFR.JPG -ext CRW -r .</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Recursively extract JPG image from all Canon CRW files in the current
directory, adding <code>_JFR.JPG</code> for the name of the output JPG files.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dd__27_25r__25a_2c__25b__25e_2c__25y_27">exiftool -d '%r %a, %B %e, %Y' -DateTimeOriginal -S -s *.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print formatted date/time for all JPG files in the current directory.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2difd1_3axresolution__2difd1_3ayresoluti">exiftool -IFD1:XResolution -IFD1:YResolution image.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract image resolution from EXIF IFD1 information (thumbnail image IFD).
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2d_2aresolution_2a_27_image_2ejpg">exiftool '-*resolution*' image.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract all tags with names containing the word ``Resolution'' from an image.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dxmp_3aauthor_3aall__2da_image_2ejpg">exiftool -xmp:author:all -a image.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract all author-related XMP information from an image.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dxmp__2db_a_2ejpg__3e_out_2exmp">exiftool -xmp -b a.jpg &gt; out.xmp</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract complete XMP data record intact from <code>a.jpg</code> and write it to
<code>out.xmp</code> using the special <code>XMP</code> tag (see the Extra tags in
<a href="TagNames/index.html">Image::ExifTool::TagNames</a>).
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dp__27_24filename_has_date__24datetimeo">exiftool -p '$filename has date $dateTimeOriginal' -q -f dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Print one line of output containing the file name and DateTimeOriginal for
each image in directory <code>dir</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dee__2dp__27_24gpslatitude_2c__24gpslon">exiftool -ee -p '$gpslatitude, $gpslongitude, $gpstimestamp' a.m2ts</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract all GPS positions from an AVCHD video.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dicc_profile__2db__2dw_icc_image_2ejpg">exiftool -icc_profile -b -w icc image.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Save complete ICC_Profile from an image to an output file with the same name
and an extension of <code>.icc</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dhtmldump__2dw_tmp_2f_25f__25e_2ehtml_t">exiftool -htmldump -w tmp/%f_%e.html t/images</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Generate HTML pages from a hex dump of EXIF information in all images from
the <code>t/images</code> directory.  The output HTML files are written to the <code>tmp</code>
directory (which is created if it didn't exist), with names of the form
'FILENAME_EXT.html'.
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
<p>Note that quotes are necessary around arguments which contain certain
special characters such as <code>&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;</code> or any white space.  These
quoting techniques are shell dependent, but the examples below will work for
most Unix shells.  With the Windows cmd shell however, double quotes should
be used (ie. -Comment=&#34;This is a new comment&#34;).</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dcomment_3d_27this_is_a_new_comment_27_">exiftool -Comment='This is a new comment' dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Write new comment to a JPG image (replaces any existing comment).
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dcomment_3d__2do_newdir__2a_2ejpg">exiftool -comment= -o newdir *.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Remove comment from all JPG images in the current directory, writing the
modified images to a new directory.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dkeywords_3dexif__2dkeywords_3deditor_d">exiftool -keywords=EXIF -keywords=editor dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Replace existing keyword list with two new keywords (<code>EXIF</code> and <code>editor</code>).
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dkeywords_2b_3dword__2do_newfile_2ejpg_">exiftool -Keywords+=word -o newfile.jpg src.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy a source image to a new file, and add a keyword (<code>word</code>) to the
current list of keywords.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dcredit_2d_3dxxx_dir">exiftool -credit-=xxx dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Delete Credit information from all files in a directory where the Credit
value was (<code>xxx</code>).
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dxmp_3adescription_2dde_3d_27k_26uuml_3">exiftool -xmp:description-de='k&amp;uuml;hl' -E dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Write alternate language for XMP:Description, using HTML character escaping
to input special characters.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dall_3d_dst_2ejpg">exiftool -all= dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Delete all meta information from an image.  Note: You should NOT do this to
RAW images (except DNG) since proprietary RAW image formats often contain
information in the makernotes that is necessary for converting the image.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dall_3d__2dcomment_3d_27lonely_27_dst_2">exiftool -all= -comment='lonely' dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Delete all meta information from an image and add a comment back in.  (Note
that the order is important: <code>-comment='lonely' -all=</code> would also delete
the new comment.)
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dall_3d__2d_2djfif_3aall_dst_2ejpg">exiftool -all= --jfif:all dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Delete all meta information except JFIF group from an image.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dphotoshop_3aall_3d_dst_2ejpg">exiftool -Photoshop:All= dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Delete Photoshop meta information from an image (note that the Photoshop
information also includes IPTC).
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dr__2dxmp_2dcrss_3aall_3d_dir">exiftool -r -XMP-crss:all= DIR</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Recursively delete all XMP-crss information from images in a directory.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2dthumbnailimage_3c_3dthumb_2ejpg_27_">exiftool '-ThumbnailImage&lt;=thumb.jpg' dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set the thumbnail image from specified file (Note: The quotes are neccessary
to prevent shell redirection).
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2djpgfromraw_3c_3d_25d_25f_jfr_2ejpg_">exiftool '-JpgFromRaw&lt;=%d%f_JFR.JPG' -ext CRW -r .</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Recursively write JPEG images with filenames ending in <code>_JFR.JPG</code> to the
JpgFromRaw tag of like-named files with extension <code>.CRW</code> in the current
directory.  (This is the inverse of the <code>-JpgFromRaw</code> command of the
<a href="#reading_examples">READING EXAMPLES</a> section above.)
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2ddatetimeoriginal_2d_3d_270_3a0_3a0_1_3">exiftool -DateTimeOriginal-='0:0:0 1:30:0' dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Adjust original date/time of all images in directory <code>dir</code> by subtracting
one hour and 30 minutes.  (This is equivalent to <code>-DateTimeOriginal-=1.5</code>.
See <a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-ExifTool/lib/Image/ExifTool/Shift.pl">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a> for details.)
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dcreatedate_2b_3d3__2dmodifydate_2b_3d3">exiftool -createdate+=3 -modifydate+=3 a.jpg b.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Add 3 hours to the CreateDate and ModifyDate timestamps of two images.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dalldates_2b_3d1_3a30__2dif__27_24make_">exiftool -AllDates+=1:30 -if '$make eq &#34;Canon&#34;' dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Shift the values of DateTimeOriginal, CreateDate and ModifyDate forward by 1
hour and 30 minutes for all Canon images in a directory.  (The AllDates tag
is provided as a shortcut for these three tags, allowing them to be accessed
via a single tag.)
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dxmp_3acity_3dkingston_image1_2ejpg_ima">exiftool -xmp:city=Kingston image1.jpg image2.nef</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Write a tag to the XMP group of two images.  (Without the <code>xmp:</code> this tag
would get written to the IPTC group since <code>City</code> exists in both, and IPTC
is preferred by default.)
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_unknown">exiftool -LightSource-='Unknown (0)' dst.tiff</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Delete <code>LightSource</code> tag only if it is unknown with a value of 0.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dwhitebalance_2d_3dauto__2dwhitebalance">exiftool -whitebalance-=auto -WhiteBalance=tung dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set <code>WhiteBalance</code> to <code>Tungsten</code> only if it was previously <code>Auto</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dcomment_2d_3d__2dcomment_3d_27new_comm">exiftool -comment-= -comment='new comment' a.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Write a new comment only if the image doesn't have one already.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2do__25d_25f_2exmp_dir">exiftool -o %d%f.xmp dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Create XMP meta information data files for all images in <code>dir</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2do_test_2exmp__2downer_3dphil__2dtitle_">exiftool -o test.xmp -owner=Phil -title='XMP File'</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Create an XMP data file only from tags defined on the command line.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2dicc_profile_3c_3d_25d_25f_2eicc_27_">exiftool '-ICC_Profile&lt;=%d%f.icc' image.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Write ICC_Profile to an image from a <code>.icc</code> file of the same name.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dhierarchicalkeywords_3d_27_7bkeyword_3">exiftool -hierarchicalkeywords='{keyword=one,children={keyword=B}}'</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Write structured XMP information.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtrailer_3aall_3d_image_2ejpg">exiftool -trailer:all= image.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Delete any trailer found after the end of image (EOI) in a JPEG file.  A
number of digital cameras store a large PreviewImage after the JPEG EOI, and
the file size may be reduced significantly by deleting this trailer.  See
the <a href="TagNames/JPEG.html">JPEG Tags documentation</a> for a
list of recognized JPEG trailers.
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="copying_examples">COPYING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
<p>These examples demonstrate the ability to copy tag values between files.</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile_src_2ecrw_dst_2ejpg">exiftool -tagsFromFile src.crw dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy the values of all writable tags from <code>src.crw</code> to <code>dst.jpg</code>, writing
the information to the preferred groups.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile_src_2ejpg__2dall_3aall_ds">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -all:all dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy the values of all writable tags from <code>src.jpg</code> to <code>dst.jpg</code>,
preserving the original tag groups.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dall_3d__2dtagsfromfile_src_2ejpg__2dex">exiftool -all= -tagsfromfile src.jpg -exif:all dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Erase all meta information from <code>dst.jpg</code> image, then copy EXIF tags from
<code>src.jpg</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dexif_3aall_3d__2dtagsfromfile__40__2da">exiftool -exif:all= -tagsfromfile @ -all:all -unsafe bad.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Rebuild all EXIF meta information from scratch in an image.  This technique
can be used in JPEG images to repair corrupted EXIF information which
otherwise could not be written due to errors. The <code>Unsafe</code> tag is a
shortcut for unsafe EXIF tags in JPEG images which are not normally copied. 
See the <a href="TagNames/index.html">tag name documentation</a> for more details
about unsafe tags.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile_a_2ejpg_out_2exmp">exiftool -Tagsfromfile a.jpg out.xmp</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy meta information from <code>a.jpg</code> to an XMP data file.  If the XMP data
file <code>out.xmp</code> already exists, it will be updated with the new information.
Otherwise the XMP data file will be created.  Only XMP, ICC and MIE files
may be created like this (other file types may be edited but not created).
See <a href="#writing_examples">WRITING EXAMPLES</a> above for another technique to generate XMP files.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile_a_2ejpg__2dxmp_3aall_3d__">exiftool -tagsFromFile a.jpg -XMP:All= -ThumbnailImage= -m b.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy all meta information from <code>a.jpg</code> to <code>b.jpg</code>, deleting all XMP
information and the thumbnail image from the destination.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile_src_2ejpg__2dtitle__2daut">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -title -author=Phil dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy title from one image to another and set a new author name.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile_a_2ejpg__2diso__2dtagsfro">exiftool -TagsFromFile a.jpg -ISO -TagsFromFile b.jpg -comment
dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy ISO from one image and Comment from another image to a destination
image.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile_src_2ejpg__2dexif_3aall__">exiftool -tagsfromfile src.jpg -exif:all --subifd:all dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy only the EXIF information from one image to another, excluding SubIFD
tags.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2ddatetimeoriginal_3efilemodifydate_2">exiftool '-DateTimeOriginal&gt;FileModifyDate' dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Use the original date from the meta information to set the same file's
filesystem modification date for all images in a directory.  (Note that
<code>-TagsFromFile @</code> is assumed if no other <strong>-TagsFromFile</strong> is specified when
redirecting information as in this example.)
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile_src_2ejpg__27_2dall_3exmp">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg '-all&gt;xmp:all' dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy all possible information from <code>src.jpg</code> and write in XMP format to
<code>dst.jpg</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2d_40_iptc2xmp_2eargs__2diptc_3aall_3d_a">exiftool -@ iptc2xmp.args -iptc:all= a.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Translate IPTC information to XMP with appropriate tag name conversions, and
delete the original IPTC information from an image.  This example uses
iptc2xmp.args, which is a file included with the ExifTool distribution that
contains the required arguments to convert IPTC information to XMP format.
Also included with the distribution are xmp2iptc.args (which performs the
inverse conversion) and a few more .args files for other conversions between
EXIF, IPTC and XMP.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile__25d_25f_2ecrw__2dr__2dex">exiftool -tagsfromfile %d%f.CRW -r -ext JPG dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Recursively rewrite all <code>JPG</code> images in <code>dir</code> with information copied from
the corresponding <code>CRW</code> images in the same directories.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2dmake_2b_3ekeywords_27_image_2ejpg">exiftool '-make+&gt;keywords' image.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Add camera make to list of keywords.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2dcomment_3ciso_3d_24exif_3aiso_expos">exiftool '-comment&lt;ISO=$exif:iso Exposure=${shutterspeed}' dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set the Comment tag of all images in <code>dir</code> from the values of the EXIF:ISO
and ShutterSpeed tags.  The resulting comment will be in the form ``ISO=100
Exposure=1/60''.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dtagsfromfile_src_2ejpg__2dicc_profile_">exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -icc_profile dst.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy ICC_Profile from one image to another.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong>exiftool -TagsFromFile src.jpg -all:all dst.mie</strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Copy all meta information in its original form from a JPEG image to a MIE
file.  The MIE file will be created if it doesn't exist.  This technique can
be used to store the metadata of an image so it can be inserted back into
the image (with the inverse command) later in a workflow.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2do_dst_2emie__2dall_3aall_src_2ejpg">exiftool -o dst.mie -all:all src.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
This command performs exactly the same task as the command above, except
that the <strong>-o</strong> option will not write to an output file that already exists.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dxmp_3aflash_3d_22_7bmode_3don_2cfired_">exiftool -XMP:Flash=``{mode=on,fired=true,return=not}'' a.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Write a structured tag.  See
<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/struct.html</a> for more details.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dif__27_24jpgfromraw_27__2db__2djpgfrom">exiftool -if '$jpgfromraw' -b -jpgfromraw -w %d%f_%ue.jpg -execute
-if '$previewimage' -b -previewimage -w %d%f_%ue.jpg -execute
-tagsfromfile @ -srcfile %d%f_%ue.jpg -overwrite_original
-common_args --ext jpg DIR</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
[Advanced] Extract JpgFromRaw or PreviewImage from all but JPG files in DIR,
saving them with file names like <code>image_EXT.jpg</code>, then add all meta
information from the original files to the extracted images.  Here, the
command line is broken into three sections (separated by <strong>-execute</strong>
options), and each is executed as if it were a separate command.  The
<strong>-common_args</strong> option causes the <code>--ext jpg DIR</code> arguments to be applied
to all three commands, and the <strong>-srcfile</strong> option allows the extracted JPG
image to be the source file for the third command (whereas the RAW files are
the source files for the other two commands).
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="renaming_examples">RENAMING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
<p>By writing the <code>FileName</code> and <code>Directory</code> tags, files are renamed and/or
moved to new directories.  This can be particularly useful and powerful for
organizing files by date when combined with the <strong>-d</strong> option.  New
directories are created as necessary, but existing files will not be
overwritten.  The format codes %d, %f and %e may be used in the new file
name to represent the directory, name and extension of the original file,
and %c may be used to add a copy number if the file already exists (see the
<strong>-w</strong> option for details).  Note that if used within a date format string,
an extra '%' must be added to pass these codes through the date/time parser.
(And further note that in a Windows batch file, all '%' characters must also
be escaped, so in this extreme case '%%%%f' is necessary to pass a simple
'%f' through the two levels of parsing.)  See
<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/filename.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/filename.html</a> for additional
documentation and examples.</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dfilename_3dnew_2ejpg_dir_2fold_2ejpg">exiftool -filename=new.jpg dir/old.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Rename <code>old.jpg</code> to <code>new.jpg</code> in directory <code>dir</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2ddirectory_3d_25e_dir">exiftool -directory=%e dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Move all files from directory <code>dir</code> into directories named by the original
file extensions.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2ddirectory_3cdatetimeoriginal_27__2d">exiftool '-Directory&lt;DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y/%m/%d dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Move all files in <code>dir</code> into a directory hierarchy based on year, month and
day of <code>DateTimeOriginal</code>.  ie) This command would move the file
<code>dir/image.jpg</code> with a <code>DateTimeOriginal</code> of <code>2005:10:12 16:05:56</code> to
<code>2005/10/12/image.jpg</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2do__2e__27_2ddirectory_3cdatetimeorigin">exiftool -o . '-Directory&lt;DateTimeOriginal' -d %Y/%m/%d dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Same effect as above except files are copied instead of moved.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2dfilename_3c_25f__24_7bfocallength_7">exiftool '-filename&lt;%f_${focallength}.%e' dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Rename all files in <code>dir</code> by adding FocalLength to the file name.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2dfilename_3ccreatedate_27__2dd__25y_">exiftool '-FileName&lt;CreateDate' -d %Y%m%d_%H%M%S%%-c.%%e dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Rename all images in <code>dir</code> according to the <code>CreateDate</code> date and time,
adding a copy number with leading '-' if the file already exists (<code>%-c</code>),
and preserving the original file extension (<code>%e</code>).  Note the extra '%'
necessary to escape the filename codes (<code>%c</code> and <code>%e</code>) in the date format
string.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dr__27_2dfilename_3ccreatedate_27__2dd_">exiftool -r '-FileName&lt;CreateDate' -d %Y-%m-%d/%H%M_%%f.%%e dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Both the directory and the filename may be changed together via the
<code>FileName</code> tag if the new <code>FileName</code> contains a '/'.  The example above
recursively renames all images in a directory by adding a <code>CreateDate</code>
timestamp to the start of the filename, then moves them into new directories
named by date.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__27_2dfilename_3c_24_7bcreatedate_7d__24f">exiftool '-FileName&lt;${CreateDate}_$filenumber.jpg' -d %Y%m%d *.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Set the filename of all JPG images in the current directory from the
CreateDate and FileNumber tags, in the form ``20060507_118-1861.jpg''.
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="geotagging_examples">GEOTAGGING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
<p>ExifTool implements geotagging via 3 special tags: Geotag (which for
convenience is also implemented as an exiftool option), Geosync and Geotime.
The examples below highlight some geotagging features.  See
<a href="http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/geotag.html">http://owl.phy.queensu.ca/~phil/exiftool/geotag.html</a> for additional
documentation.</p>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dgeotag_track_2elog_a_2ejpg">exiftool -geotag track.log a.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Geotag an image (<code>a.jpg</code>) from position information in a GPS track log
(<code>track.log</code>).  Since the <code>Geotime</code> tag is not specified, the value of
DateTimeOriginal is used for geotagging.  Local system time is assumed
unless DateTimeOriginal contains a timezone.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dgeotag_t_2elog__2dgeotime_3d_272009_3a">exiftool -geotag t.log -geotime='2009:04:02 13:41:12-05:00' a.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Geotag an image with the GPS position for a specific time.  (Note that the
<code>Geotag</code> tag must be assigned before <code>Geotime</code> for the GPS data to be
available when <code>Geotime</code> is set.)
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dgeotag_log_2egpx__27_2dxmp_3ageotime_3">exiftool -geotag log.gpx '-xmp:geotime&lt;createdate' dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Geotag all images in directory <code>dir</code> with XMP tags instead of EXIF tags,
based on the image CreateDate.  (In this case, the order of the arguments
doesn't matter because tags with values copied from other tags are always
set after constant values.)
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dgeotag_a_2elog__2dgeosync_3d_2d20_dir">exiftool -geotag a.log -geosync=-20 dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Geotag images in directory <code>dir</code>, accounting for image timestamps which
were 20 seconds ahead of GPS.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dgeotag_a_2elog__2dgeosync_3d1_2ejpg__2">exiftool -geotag a.log -geosync=1.jpg -geosync=2.jpg dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Geotag images using time synchronization from two previously geotagged images
(1.jpg and 2.jpg), synchronizing the image and GPS times using a linear time
drift correction.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dgeotag_a_2elog__27_2dgeotime_3c_24_7bc">exiftool -geotag a.log '-geotime&lt;${createdate}+01:00' dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Geotag images in <code>dir</code> using CreateDate with the specified timezone.  If
CreateDate already contained a timezone, then the timezone specified on the
command line is ignored.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dgeotag_3d_a_2ejpg">exiftool -geotag= a.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Delete GPS tags which may have been added by the geotag feature.  Note that
this does not remove all GPS tags -- to do this instead use <code>-gps:all=</code>.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dxmp_3ageotag_3d_a_2ejpg">exiftool -xmp:geotag= a.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Delete XMP GPS tags which were added by the geotag feature.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dxmp_3ageotag_3dtrack_2elog_a_2ejpg">exiftool -xmp:geotag=track.log a.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Geotag an image with XMP tags, using the time from DateTimeOriginal.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dgeotag_a_2elog__2dgeotag_b_2elog__2dr_">exiftool -geotag a.log -geotag b.log -r dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Combine multiple track logs and geotag an entire directory tree of images.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dgeotag__27tracks_2f_2a_2elog_27__2dr_d">exiftool -geotag 'tracks/*.log' -r dir</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Read all track logs from the <code>tracks</code> directory.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool__2dp_gpx_2efmt__2dd__25y_2d_25m_2d_25dt_2">exiftool -p gpx.fmt -d %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ dir &gt; out.gpx</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Generate a GPX track log from all images in directory <code>dir</code>.  This example
uses the <code>gpx.fmt</code> file included in the full ExifTool distribution package
and assumes that the images in <code>dir</code> have all been previously geotagged.
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="piping_examples">PIPING EXAMPLES</a></h1>
<dl>
<dt><strong><a name="item_cat_a_2ejpg__7c_exiftool__2d">cat a.jpg | exiftool -</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract information from stdin.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool_image_2ejpg__2dthumbnailimage__2db__7c_ex">exiftool image.jpg -thumbnailimage -b | exiftool -</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract information from an embedded thumbnail image.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_cat_a_2ejpg__7c_exiftool__2diptc_3akeywords_2b_3df">cat a.jpg | exiftool -iptc:keywords+=fantastic - &gt; b.jpg</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Add an IPTC keyword in a pipeline, saving output to a new file.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_wget__2dqo__2d_http_3a_2f_2fa_2edomain_2ecom_2fbig">wget -qO - <a href="http://a.domain.com/bigfile.jpg">http://a.domain.com/bigfile.jpg</a> | exiftool -fast -</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Extract information from an image over the internet using the GNU wget
utility.  The <strong>-fast</strong> option prevents exiftool from scanning for trailer
information, so only the meta information header is transferred.
</dd>
<p></p>
<dt><strong><a name="item_exiftool_a_2ejpg__2dthumbnailimage__2db__7c_exifto">exiftool a.jpg -thumbnailimage -b | exiftool -comment=wow - |
exiftool a.jpg -thumbnailimage'&lt;=-'</a></strong><br />
</dt>
<dd>
Add a comment to an embedded thumbnail image.  (Why anyone would want to do
this I don't know, but I've included this as an example to illustrate the
flexibility of ExifTool.)
</dd>
<p></p></dl>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a></h1>
<p>The exiftool application exits with a status of 0 on success, or 1 if an
error occured or if all files failed the <strong>-if</strong> condition.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="author">AUTHOR</a></h1>
<p>Copyright 2003-2011, Phil Harvey</p>
<p>This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
same terms as Perl itself.</p>
<p>
</p>
<hr />
<h1><a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a></h1>
<p><a href="ExifTool.html">Image::ExifTool(3pm)</a>,
<a href="TagNames/index.html">Image::ExifTool::TagNames(3pm)</a>,
<a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-ExifTool/lib/Image/ExifTool/Shortcuts.pm">Image::ExifTool::Shortcuts(3pm)</a>,
<a href="http://search.cpan.org/dist/Image-ExifTool/lib/Image/ExifTool/Shift.pl">Image::ExifTool::Shift.pl</a></p>
<table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3">
<tr><td class="block" style="background-color: #cccccc" valign="middle">
<big><strong><span class="block">&nbsp;exiftool Application Documentation</span></strong></big>
</td></tr>
</table>

</body>

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