# Soros Tutorial – Part Five 🚀 ... Go!
#
# We will complete the following number to English
# number name conversion program, learning special
# features of Soros programming language.

0 zero
1 one
2 two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen

# TASK 1 – Call me again!
#
# A Soros program is a single function, named $(). It’s
# possible to call this function in the regex replacement
# part with arbitrary text as an argument, and its return value
# will be inserted in the regex replacement at the place of
# the function call.
#
# In the following program line, the argument is “4”,
# and function call “$(4)” is replaced with “four”, the
# result of the call of function $ with the argument “4”:

14 $(4)teen

# Extend the line 16 this way!

15 fifteen
16



# TASK 2 – Reference and call...
#
# We can use regex references in function arguments.
# For example, we can describe 18 -> eighteen conversion
# this way, too:

1(8) $(\1)een

# Using the regex pattern \d (matching arbitrary digits),
# give a *single* program line for 17 -> seventeen and
# 19 -> nineteen conversion! (With this, line 14 and 16
# will be unnecessary, too.)



# TASK 3 – Abbreviation of $(\n) is $n
#
# According to the title of this task, $1 means $(\1),
# $2 means $(\2) etc. Rewrite the following program part to
# use this abbreviated form!

20 twenty
2(\d) twenty-$(\1)



# TASK 4 – Boundaries
#
# Soros programs have default automatic zero deletion in
# its arguments, ie. $(1) or $(01) are equivalents. But
# the following program line have a different problem for
# the input number 100: after left zero deletion it still
# remains a zero, resulting “one hundred zero” instead of
# “one hundred”:

1(\d\d) one hundred $1

# The solution is using boundary dependent patterns.
# These patterns can always match at the first run of the
# Soros program, but at the next recursive calls,
# matching depends from the position of the function call:
#
# ^pattern  only matches, if the function call is there at
#           the beginning of the replacement. Example:
#           1(\d) $1teen
#
# pattern$  only matches, if the function call is there at
#           the end of the replacement. Example:
#           2(\d) twenty-$(\1)
#
# ^pattern$ only matches, if the function call is there at
#           the beginning and the end of the replacement.
#           Example:
#           1(\d) $(ordinal |$1)
#
# NOTE: “|” before or after function calls sets explicite
# boundary position.
#
# Correct the bug “one hundred zero” by using the
# correct boundary sign on the program line “0 zero”, also
# create a rule for negative numbers, to handle
# “-0” -> “minus zero” conversion correctly!



# TASK 5 – Deeper in recursion
#
# A recursive call can result further recursive calls,
# allowing to break a complex problem into smaller parts,
# or iterate a repeating task, as in the following
# example.
#
# The first line of the following program uses the
# boundary indicator $ to handle the originally 4-digit
# or less numbers differently. What is the full program
# doing with the other numbers? Try to answer, and
# check it in a different IDE window!
#
# ^(\d{1,4})$ \1
# (\d+)(\d{3}) $1,\2
# .* \0



# TASK 6 – Optional text, depending from the return value
#
# Previously, we had a different program line for 20 and one
# for 21–29 , because English uses a hyphen between the
# number names. Using brackets around the recursive calls,
# we can skip the first program line. The hyphen is only
# added to “thirty”, if the return value of the recursive
# function calls is not empty.

3(\d) thirty[-$(\1)]

# Write a *single* program line to handle “sixty”,
# “seventy” (60–79), and “ninety” (90–99)!



# TASK 7 – Language-dependent program lines
#
# Using [:lang-code:] in a comment sets a
# language-dependent program line. For example,
# German number to number name rules
#
# 3(\d) [$1und]dreissig # [:de-CH:]
# 3(\d) [$1und]dreißig
#
# result “dreissig” for the input “30”, if the language
# of the conversion is de-CH (Swiss Standard German),
# otherwise “dreißig”.
#
# It’s possible to use arbitrary number language codes
# in the same program line.
#
# In Australia, Great Britain, Ireland and New Zealand,
# 101 is “one hundred and one”, in other English speaking
# countries, like USA and Canada, 101 is “one hundred one”.
# Using the language codes en-AU, en-GB, en-IE and en-NZ
# and the previous conditional text, describe number 100–999
# in both variants!



# TASK 8 – More Functions
#
# In Soros language, there is only one real function, the $(),
# but it’s possible to create function-like structures by using
# prefixes.
#
# Numbertext.org language modules contain functions for
# number to money conversion (“USD 2” -> “two U.S. dollars”),
# number to ordinal name conversion (“2” -> “second”) and
# ordinal-number conversion (“2” -> “2nd”). For example,
# we can define ordinal numbers as follows:
#
# "ordinal 1"	first
# "ordinal 2"	second
# "ordinal 3"	third
#
# According to the quotation marks, the regex patterns can
# contain spaces, too.
#
# For the space separated prefixes, there is a default left
# zero deletion, i.e. $(ordinal 1) is equivalent of
# $(ordinal 001), so program line
#
# "ordinal 1(\d\d)" one hundred $(ordinal \1)
#
# works also for the input 101, 102 etc. correctly using
# only the previous program lines.
#
# Other method of ordinal number conversion is to convert the
# input to the default cardinal number names, and modifying
# their text:
#
# "ordinal (\d+)"	$(ordinal |$1)
# "ordinal (.*)one"	\1first
# "ordinal (.*)two"	\1second
#
# NOTE: As can be seen, it’s possible to embed function
# calls within function calls, too.
#
# What can be the last program line of this function?



# TASK 9 – Prefix “macros”
#
# Prefix macros simplify prefix handling. We can define
# the previous ordinal function as follows, too
# (see “ordinal” between double equal signs):
#
# == ordinal ==
#
# ^0	zeroth
# 1	first
# 2	second
# 3	third
#
# because this will be expanded in the following form:
#
# "^ordinal 0"	zeroth
# "ordinal 1"	first
# "ordinal 2"	second
# "ordinal 3"	third
#
# With the other method, converting cardinal number names,
# and later to ordinal ones:
#
# == ordinal ==
#
# (\d+)		$(ordinal |$1)
# (.*)one	\1first
# (.*)two	\1second
# ...
# (.*)		\1th
#
# How is this expanded?



# TASK 10 – Join Numbertext development!
#
# Your contribution will help LibreOffice and other free
# softwares to support chapter numbering with number names,
# converting money amounts to text (MONEYTEXT), creating
# plural forms of money amounts and support better
# title casing.
#
# Check and fix Soros code of your language on
# http://NUMBERTEXT.org, or if there is no such module yet,
# create it, based on the currency code of the
# English or the more flexible Swedish (sv.sor)
# modules!



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# SOLUTION – TASK 1–7 (for TASK 5, see next SOLUTION)
#
# Solutions marked as TASK 1–7 in comments:
#
# ^0 zero		# TASK 4
# 1 one
# 2 two
# 3 three
# 4 four
# 5 five
# 6 six
# 7 seven
# 8 eight
# 9 nine
# 10 ten
# 11 eleven
# 12 twelve
# 13 thirteen
# # 14 $(4)teen
# 15 fifteen
# # 16 $(6)teen		# TASK 1
# 18 eighteen
# 1(\d) $1teen		# TASK 2
# 20 twenty
# 2(\d) twenty-$1	# TASK 3
# 3(\d) thirty[-$1]
# 4(\d) forty[-$1]
# 5(\d) fifty[-$1]
# 8(\d) eighty[-$1]
# (\d)(\d) $1ty[-$2]	# TASK 5
#
# # separator function
# :0+			# one million
# :0*\d?\d " and "	# one million and twenty-two
# :\d+ ", "		# one million, one thousand
#
# (\d)(\d\d) $1 hundred[ and $2]	# one hundred and one [:en-AU:] [:en-GB:] [:en-IE:] [:en-NZ:] # TASK 6
# (\d)(\d\d) $1 hundred[ $2]		# default: one hundred one # TASK 6
# (\d{1,2})([1-9]\d\d) $1 thousand[ $2]	# ten thousand two hundred
# (\d{1,3})(\d{3}) $1 thousand$(:\2)$2	# one hundred thousand, two hundred
# (\d{1,3})(\d{6}) $1 million$(:\2)$2
# (\d{1,3})(\d{9}) $1 billion$(:\2)$2
#
# # negative number
#
# [-−](\d+) negative |$1 # TASK 4
#
# # decimals
#
# 0[.,] point
# ([-−]?\d+)[.,] $1| point
# ([-−]?\d+[.,]\d*)(\d) $1| |$2
#
# # currency
#
# # unit/subunit singular/plural
#
# us:([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*) \1
# up:([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*) \2
# ss:([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*) \3
# sp:([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*),([^,]*) \4
#
# AUD:(\D+) $(\1: Australian dollar, Australian dollars, cent, cents)
# CAD:(\D+) $(\1: Canadian dollar, Canadian dollars, cent, cents)
# CHF:(\D+) $(\1: Swiss franc, Swiss francs, centime, centimes)
# CNY:(\D+) $(\1: Chinese yuan, Chinese yuan, fen, fen)
# EUR:(\D+) $(\1: euro, euro, cent, cents)
# GBP:(\D+) $(\1: pound sterling, pounds sterling, penny, pence)
# JPY:(\D+) $(\1: Japanese yen, Japanese yen, sen, sen)
# USD:(\D+) $(\1: U.S. dollar, U.S. dollars, cent, cents)
#
# "(JPY [-−]?\d+)[.,](\d\d)0" $1
# "(JPY [-−]?\d+[.,]\d\d)(\d)" $1 $2 rin
#
# "([A-Z]{3}) ([-−]?1)([.,]00?)?" $2$(\1:us)
# "([A-Z]{3}) ([-−]?\d+)([.,]00?)?" $2$(\1:up)
#
# "(CNY [-−]?\d+)[.,](\d)0?" $1 $2 jiao
# "(CNY [-−]?\d+[.,]\d)(\d)" $1 $2 fen
#
# "(([A-Z]{3}) [-−]?\d+)[.,](01)" $1 and |$(1)$(\2:ss)
# "(([A-Z]{3}) [-−]?\d+)[.,](\d)" $1 and |$(\030)$(\2:sp)
# "(([A-Z]{3}) [-−]?\d+)[.,](\d\d)" $1 and |$3$(\2:sp)
#
# == ordinal ==
#
# # convert to text, and recall to convert
# # cardinal names to ordinal ones
#
# ([-−]?\d+) $(ordinal |$1)
#
# (.*)one	\1first
# (.*)two	\1second
# (.*)three	\1third
# (.*)five	\1fifth
# (.*)eight	\1eighth
# (.*)nine	\1ninth
# (.*)twelve	\1twelfth
# (.*)y	\1ieth
# (.*)	\1th # TASK 7
#
# == ordinal-number ==
#
# (.*1\d)	\1th
# (.*1)		\1st
# (.*2)		\1nd
# (.*3)		\1rd
# (.*)		\1th



# SOLUTION – TASK 5
#
# This is a thousand separator
# program extended for all numbers.
# The middle line put a comma before
# the last three digits, and do the
# same for the remaining digits using
# a recursive call, and in that a
# next recursive call etc.
#
# ^(\d{1,4})$ \1
# (\d+)(\d{3}) $1,\2
# .* \0
#
# For example, for the input “10000000”
# the inner states of the calls:
#
# First call:	$(10000),000
# Second call:	$(10),000
# Third call:	10
#
# resulting “10,000,000” in the end of
# all returns.



# SOLUTION – TASK 9
#
# As before in TASK 8:
#
# "ordinal (\d+)"	$(ordinal |$1)
# "ordinal (.*)one"	\1first
# "ordinal (.*)two"	\1second
# ...
# "ordinal (.*)"	\1th



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# CONGRATULATIONS – You have finished Tutorial Five! 🙂
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