/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2008, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *   $PostgreSQL: pgjdbc/org/postgresql/core/VisibleBufferedInputStream.java,v 1.3 2008/01/08 06:56:27 jurka Exp $
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
package org.postgresql.core;

import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * A faster version of BufferedInputStream. Does no synchronisation and
 * allows direct access to the used byte[] buffer. 
 * 
 * @author Mikko Tiihonen
 */
public class VisibleBufferedInputStream extends InputStream {

    /**
     * If a direct read to byte array is called that would require
     * a smaller read from the wrapped stream that MINIMUM_READ then
     * first fill the buffer and serve the bytes from there. Larger
     * reads are directly done to the provided byte array.
     */
    private static final int MINIMUM_READ = 1024;
    
    /**
     * In how large spans is the C string zero-byte scanned.
     */
    private static final int STRING_SCAN_SPAN = 1024;

    /**
     * The wrapped input stream.
     */
    private final InputStream wrapped;

    /**
     * The buffer.
     */
    private byte[] buffer;

    /**
     * Current read position in the buffer.
     */
    private int index;

    /**
     * How far is the buffer filled with valid data.
     */
    private int endIndex;

    /**
     * Creates a new buffer around the given stream.
     * 
     * @param in The stream to buffer.
     * @param bufferSize The initial size of the buffer. 
     */
    public VisibleBufferedInputStream(InputStream in, int bufferSize) {
        wrapped = in;
        buffer = new byte[bufferSize < MINIMUM_READ ?
                          MINIMUM_READ : bufferSize];
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public int read() throws IOException {
        if (ensureBytes(1)) {
            return buffer[index++] & 0xFF;
        }
        return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Reads byte from the buffer without any checks. This method never
     * reads from the underlaying stream.
     * Before calling this method the {@link #ensureBytes} method must
     * have been called.
     * 
     * @return The next byte from the buffer.
     * @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException If ensureBytes was not called
     * to make sure the buffer contains the byte.  
     */
    public byte readRaw() {
        return buffer[index++];
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the buffer contains at least n bytes.
     * This method invalidates the buffer and index fields.
     * 
     * @param n The amount of bytes to ensure exists in buffer
     * @return true if required bytes are available and false if EOF
     * @throws IOException If reading of the wrapped stream failed.
     */
    public boolean ensureBytes(int n) throws IOException {
        int required = n - endIndex + index;
        while (required > 0) {
            if (!readMore(required)) {
                return false;
            }
            required = n - endIndex + index;
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Reads more bytes into the buffer.
     * 
     * @param wanted How much should be at least read.
     * @return True if at least some bytes were read.
     * @throws IOException If reading of the wrapped stream failed.
     */
    private boolean readMore(int wanted) throws IOException {
        if (endIndex == index) {
            index = 0;
            endIndex = 0;
        }
        int canFit = buffer.length - endIndex;
        if (canFit < wanted) {
            // would the wanted bytes fit if we compacted the buffer
            // and still leave some slack
            if (index + canFit > wanted + MINIMUM_READ) {
                compact();
            } else {
                doubleBuffer();
            }
            canFit = buffer.length - endIndex;
        }
        int read = wrapped.read(buffer, endIndex, canFit);
        if (read < 0) {
            return false;
        }
        endIndex += read;
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Doubles the size of the buffer.
     */
    private void doubleBuffer() {
        byte[] buf = new byte[buffer.length * 2];
        moveBufferTo(buf);
        buffer = buf;
    }

    /**
     * Compacts the unread bytes of the buffer to the beginning of the buffer.
     */
    private void compact() {
        moveBufferTo(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * Moves bytes from the buffer to the begining of the destination buffer.
     * Also sets the index and endIndex variables.
     * 
     * @param dest The destination buffer.
     */
    private void moveBufferTo(byte[] dest) {
        int size = endIndex - index;
        System.arraycopy(buffer, index, dest, 0, size);
        index = 0;
        endIndex = size;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public int read(byte to[], int off, int len) throws IOException {
        if ((off | len | (off + len) | (to.length - (off + len))) < 0) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        } else if (len == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // if the read would go to wrapped stream, but would result
        // in a small read then try read to the buffer instead
        int avail = endIndex - index;
        if (len - avail < MINIMUM_READ) {
            ensureBytes(len);
            avail = endIndex - index;
        }

        // first copy from buffer
        if (avail > 0) {
            if (len <= avail) {
                System.arraycopy(buffer, index, to, off, len);
                index += len;
                return len;
            }
            System.arraycopy(buffer, index, to, off, avail);
            len -= avail;
            off += avail;
        }
        int read = avail;

        // good place to reset index because the buffer is fully drained
        index = 0;
        endIndex = 0;
        
        // then directly from wrapped stream
        do {
            int r = wrapped.read(to, off, len);
            if (r <= 0) {
                return (read == 0) ? r : read;
            }
            read += r;
            off += r;
            len -= r;
        } while (len > 0);

        return read;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public long skip(long n) throws IOException {
        int avail = endIndex - index;
        if (avail >= n) {
            index += n;
            return n;
        }
        n -= avail;
        index = 0;
        endIndex = 0;
        return avail + wrapped.skip(n);
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public int available() throws IOException {
        int avail = endIndex - index;
        return avail > 0 ? avail : wrapped.available();
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void close() throws IOException {
        wrapped.close();
    }

    /**
     * Returns direct handle to the used buffer. Use the {@link #ensureBytes}
     * to prefill required bytes the buffer and {@link #getIndex} to fetch
     * the current position of the buffer.
     *  
     * @return The underlaying buffer. 
     */
    public byte[] getBuffer() {
        return buffer;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current read position in the buffer.
     * 
     * @return the current read position in the buffer.
     */
    public int getIndex() {
        return index;
    }

    /**
     * Scans the length of the next null terminated string (C-style string) from
     * the stream.
     * 
     * @return The length of the next null terminated string.
     * @throws IOException If reading of stream fails.
     * @throws EOFxception If the stream did not contain any null terminators.
     */
    public int scanCStringLength() throws IOException {
        int pos = index;
        for (;;) {
            while (pos < endIndex) {
                if (buffer[pos++] == '\0') {
                    return pos - index;
                }
            }
            if (!readMore(STRING_SCAN_SPAN)) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            pos = index;
        }
    }
}