////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// SFML - Simple and Fast Multimedia Library
// Copyright (C) 2007-2025 Laurent Gomila (laurent@sfml-dev.org)
//
// This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty.
// In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
//
// Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
// including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely,
// subject to the following restrictions:
//
// 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented;
//    you must not claim that you wrote the original software.
//    If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment
//    in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
//
// 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such,
//    and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
//
// 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#pragma once

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Headers
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <SFML/Network/Export.hpp>

#include <SFML/System/Time.hpp>

#include <iosfwd>
#include <optional>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>

#include <cstdint>


namespace sf
{
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief Encapsulate an IPv4 network address
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class SFML_NETWORK_API IpAddress
{
public:
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Construct the address from a null-terminated string view
    ///
    /// Here \a address can be either a decimal address
    /// (ex: "192.168.1.56") or a network name (ex: "localhost").
    ///
    /// \param address IP address or network name
    ///
    /// \return Address if provided argument was valid, otherwise `std::nullopt`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    [[nodiscard]] static std::optional<IpAddress> resolve(std::string_view address);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Construct the address from 4 bytes
    ///
    /// Calling `IpAddress(a, b, c, d)` is equivalent to calling
    /// `IpAddress::resolve("a.b.c.d")`, but safer as it doesn't
    /// have to parse a string to get the address components.
    ///
    /// \param byte0 First byte of the address
    /// \param byte1 Second byte of the address
    /// \param byte2 Third byte of the address
    /// \param byte3 Fourth byte of the address
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    IpAddress(std::uint8_t byte0, std::uint8_t byte1, std::uint8_t byte2, std::uint8_t byte3);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Construct the address from a 32-bits integer
    ///
    /// This constructor uses the internal representation of
    /// the address directly. It should be used for optimization
    /// purposes, and only if you got that representation from
    /// `IpAddress::toInteger()`.
    ///
    /// \param address 4 bytes of the address packed into a 32-bits integer
    ///
    /// \see `toInteger`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    explicit IpAddress(std::uint32_t address);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Get a string representation of the address
    ///
    /// The returned string is the decimal representation of the
    /// IP address (like "192.168.1.56"), even if it was constructed
    /// from a host name.
    ///
    /// \return String representation of the address
    ///
    /// \see `toInteger`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    [[nodiscard]] std::string toString() const;

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Get an integer representation of the address
    ///
    /// The returned number is the internal representation of the
    /// address, and should be used for optimization purposes only
    /// (like sending the address through a socket).
    /// The integer produced by this function can then be converted
    /// back to a `sf::IpAddress` with the proper constructor.
    ///
    /// \return 32-bits unsigned integer representation of the address
    ///
    /// \see `toString`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    [[nodiscard]] std::uint32_t toInteger() const;

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Get the computer's local address
    ///
    /// The local address is the address of the computer from the
    /// LAN point of view, i.e. something like 192.168.1.56. It is
    /// meaningful only for communications over the local network.
    /// Unlike getPublicAddress, this function is fast and may be
    /// used safely anywhere.
    ///
    /// \return Local IP address of the computer on success, `std::nullopt` otherwise
    ///
    /// \see `getPublicAddress`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    [[nodiscard]] static std::optional<IpAddress> getLocalAddress();

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Get the computer's public address
    ///
    /// The public address is the address of the computer from the
    /// internet point of view, i.e. something like 89.54.1.169.
    /// It is necessary for communications over the world wide web.
    /// The only way to get a public address is to ask it to a
    /// distant website; as a consequence, this function depends on
    /// both your network connection and the server, and may be
    /// very slow. You should use it as few as possible. Because
    /// this function depends on the network connection and on a distant
    /// server, you may use a time limit if you don't want your program
    /// to be possibly stuck waiting in case there is a problem; this
    /// limit is deactivated by default.
    ///
    /// \param timeout Maximum time to wait
    ///
    /// \return Public IP address of the computer on success, `std::nullopt` otherwise
    ///
    /// \see `getLocalAddress`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    [[nodiscard]] static std::optional<IpAddress> getPublicAddress(Time timeout = Time::Zero);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Static member data
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // NOLINTBEGIN(readability-identifier-naming)
    static const IpAddress Any;       //!< Value representing any address (0.0.0.0)
    static const IpAddress LocalHost; //!< The "localhost" address (for connecting a computer to itself locally)
    static const IpAddress Broadcast; //!< The "broadcast" address (for sending UDP messages to everyone on a local network)
    // NOLINTEND(readability-identifier-naming)

private:
    friend SFML_NETWORK_API bool operator<(IpAddress left, IpAddress right);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Member data
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    std::uint32_t m_address; //!< Address stored as an unsigned 32 bit integer
};

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief Overload of `operator==` to compare two IP addresses
///
/// \param left  Left operand (a IP address)
/// \param right Right operand (a IP address)
///
/// \return `true` if both addresses are equal
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] SFML_NETWORK_API bool operator==(IpAddress left, IpAddress right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief Overload of `operator!=` to compare two IP addresses
///
/// \param left  Left operand (a IP address)
/// \param right Right operand (a IP address)
///
/// \return `true` if both addresses are different
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] SFML_NETWORK_API bool operator!=(IpAddress left, IpAddress right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief Overload of `operator<` to compare two IP addresses
///
/// \param left  Left operand (a IP address)
/// \param right Right operand (a IP address)
///
/// \return `true` if `left` is lesser than `right`
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] SFML_NETWORK_API bool operator<(IpAddress left, IpAddress right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief Overload of `operator>` to compare two IP addresses
///
/// \param left  Left operand (a IP address)
/// \param right Right operand (a IP address)
///
/// \return `true` if `left` is greater than `right`
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] SFML_NETWORK_API bool operator>(IpAddress left, IpAddress right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief Overload of `operator<=` to compare two IP addresses
///
/// \param left  Left operand (a IP address)
/// \param right Right operand (a IP address)
///
/// \return `true` if \a left is lesser or equal than \a right
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] SFML_NETWORK_API bool operator<=(IpAddress left, IpAddress right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief Overload of `operator>=` to compare two IP addresses
///
/// \param left  Left operand (a IP address)
/// \param right Right operand (a IP address)
///
/// \return `true` if `left` is greater or equal than `right`
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] SFML_NETWORK_API bool operator>=(IpAddress left, IpAddress right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief Overload of `operator>>` to extract an IP address from an input stream
///
/// \param stream  Input stream
/// \param address IP address to extract
///
/// \return Reference to the input stream
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
SFML_NETWORK_API std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, std::optional<IpAddress>& address);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief Overload of `operator<<` to print an IP address to an output stream
///
/// \param stream  Output stream
/// \param address IP address to print
///
/// \return Reference to the output stream
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
SFML_NETWORK_API std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, IpAddress address);

} // namespace sf


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \class sf::IpAddress
/// \ingroup network
///
/// `sf::IpAddress` is a utility class for manipulating network
/// addresses. It provides a set a implicit constructors and
/// conversion functions to easily build or transform an IP
/// address from/to various representations.
///
/// Usage example:
/// \code
/// auto a2 = sf::IpAddress::resolve("127.0.0.1");      // the local host address
/// auto a3 = sf::IpAddress::Broadcast;                 // the broadcast address
/// sf::IpAddress a4(192, 168, 1, 56);                  // a local address
/// auto a5 = sf::IpAddress::resolve("my_computer");    // a local address created from a network name
/// auto a6 = sf::IpAddress::resolve("89.54.1.169");    // a distant address
/// auto a7 = sf::IpAddress::resolve("www.google.com"); // a distant address created from a network name
/// auto a8 = sf::IpAddress::getLocalAddress();         // my address on the local network
/// auto a9 = sf::IpAddress::getPublicAddress();        // my address on the internet
/// \endcode
///
/// Note that `sf::IpAddress` currently doesn't support IPv6
/// nor other types of network addresses.
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////