1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Strict//EN">
<html>
<head>
<title>Template::FAQ</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/blue.css" title="Clear Blue">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/orange.css" title="Clear Orange">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/green.css" title="Clear Green">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/purple.css" title="Clear Purple">
<link rel="alternate stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/grey.css" title="Clear Grey">
<!--[if IE 6]>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/ie6.css" />
<![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/print.css" media="print">
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/tt2.js"></script>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<meta name="author" content="Andy Wardley">
</head>
<body id="body">
<div id="layout">
<div id="header">
<a href="../index.html" id="logo" alt="" title="Click for the Home Page"><span class="alt">TT2 Home Page</span></a>
<ul id="trail">
<li><a href="..">???</a></li>
<li class="last"><a href="../misc/FAQ.html">FAQ</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="controls">
<a href="#" class="menu show" onclick="widescreen_off(); return false" title="Show Menu">
<span class="about">Click to view the menu. It's very nice.</span>
</a>
<a href="#" class="menu hide" onclick="widescreen_on(); return false" title="Hide Menu">
<span class="about">Click to hide the menu and go all widescreen!</span>
</a>
<div class="pager">
<span class="go back">Back<span class="about">Yeah right, I bet you've love to go back, but you can't.</span></span>
<span class="go up">Up<span class="about">No, you can't go up. You're silly to even think that you could.</span></span>
<span class="go next">Next<span class="about">Since when did going to the next page become so important?</span></span>
</div>
</div>
<h1 class="headline">Template::FAQ</h1>
<h2 class="subhead">Frequently Asked Questions about the Template Toolkit</h1>
</div>
<div id="page">
<div id="sidebar">
<a href="../index.html" id="logo"></a>
<div id="menu">
<ul class="menu">
<li class="l0 first"><a href="../manual/index.html">Manual</a></li>
<li class="l0"><a href="../modules/index.html">Modules</a></li>
<li class="l0"><a href="../tools/index.html">Tools</a></li>
<li class="l0 last"><a href="../tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a></li>
</ul>
<div class="foot"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="section">
<div class="head">
<h1 id="contents" onclick="switch_section(this)" title="Click title to show/hide section content.">Contents</h1>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<ul class="toc">
<li class=""><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
<li class=""><a href="#Template_Toolkit_Language">Template Toolkit Language</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_Why_doesn_t_a_b_IF_c_work_as_expected_">Why doesn't [% a = b IF c %] work as expected?</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_If_I_m_using_TT_to_write_out_a_TT_template_is_there_a_good_way_to_escape_and_">If I'm using TT to write out a TT template, is there a good way to escape [% and %]?</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_How_do_I_iterate_over_a_hash_">How do I iterate over a hash?</a></li>
<li class=""><a href="#Plugins">Plugins</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_How_do_I_get_the_Table_plugin_to_order_data_across_rather_than_down_">How do I get the Table plugin to order data across rather than down?</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_Accessing_Cookies">Accessing Cookies</a></li>
<li class=""><a href="#Extending_the_Template_Toolkit">Extending the Template Toolkit</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_Can_I_serve_templates_from_a_database_">Can I serve templates from a database?</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_Can_I_fetch_templates_via_http_">Can I fetch templates via http?</a></li>
<li class=""><a href="#Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_How_can_I_find_out_the_name_of_the_main_template_being_processed_">How can I find out the name of the main template being processed?</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_How_can_I_find_out_the_name_of_the_current_template_being_processed_">How can I find out the name of the current template being processed?</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_How_do_I_print_the_modification_time_of_the_template_or_component_">How do I print the modification time of the template or component?</a></li>
<li class="sub"><a href="#section_How_can_I_configure_variables_on_a_per_request_basis_">How can I configure variables on a per-request basis?</a></li>
<li class=""><a href="#AUTHOR">AUTHOR</a></li>
<li class=""><a href="#COPYRIGHT">COPYRIGHT</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="pod">
<div class="section">
<div class="head">
<h1 id="DESCRIPTION" onclick="switch_section(this)" title="Click title to show/hide section content.">DESCRIPTION</h1>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="head">
<h1 id="Template_Toolkit_Language" onclick="switch_section(this)" title="Click title to show/hide section content.">Template Toolkit Language</h1>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_Why_doesn_t_a_b_IF_c_work_as_expected_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">Why doesn't [% a = b IF c %] work as expected?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
Because the parser interprets it as
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% a = (b IF c) %]</span></pre>
<p>
Do this instead:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% SET a = b IF c %]</span></pre>
</div>
</div> <div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_If_I_m_using_TT_to_write_out_a_TT_template_is_there_a_good_way_to_escape_and_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">If I'm using TT to write out a TT template, is there a good way to escape [% and %]?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
You can do this: [% stag = "[\%" etag = "%\]" %] and then: [% stag;
'hello'; etag %]
</p>
<p>
Or something like:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% TAGS [- -] %]</span>
[- INCLUDE foo -] # is a directive
<span class="tt">[% INCLUDE foo %]</span> # not a directive, just plain text, passed through</pre>
</div>
</div> <div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_How_do_I_iterate_over_a_hash_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">How do I iterate over a hash?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
This is covered in the <a
href="#section_VMethods">Template::Manual::VMethods</a> section of the
manual page. A list of all the keys that are in the hash can be obtained
with the 'keys' virtual method. You can then iterate over that list and
by looking up each key in turn get the value.
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% FOREACH key = product.keys %]</span>
<span class="tt">[% key %]</span> => <span class="tt">[% product.$key %]</span>
<span class="tt">[% END %]</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="head">
<h1 id="Plugins" onclick="switch_section(this)" title="Click title to show/hide section content.">Plugins</h1>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_How_do_I_get_the_Table_plugin_to_order_data_across_rather_than_down_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">How do I get the Table plugin to order data across rather than down?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
Order the data into rows:
</p>
<pre> Steve Karen Jeff
Brooklyn Nantucket Fairfax
NY MA VA
<span class="tt">[% USE table(data, rows=3) %]</span>
Then ask for each column
<span class="tt">[% FOREACH column = table.cols %]</span>
And then print each item in the column going across the output rows
<span class="tt">[% FOREACH item = column %]</span>
<td><span class="tt">[% item %]</span></td>
<span class="tt">[% END %]</span></pre>
</div>
</div> <div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_Accessing_Cookies" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">Accessing Cookies</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
Jeff Boes <jboes@nexcerpt.com> asks:
</p>
<pre>Does anyone have a quick-n-dirty approach to accessing
cookies from templates? </pre>
<p>
Jonas Liljegren answers:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% USE CGI %]</span>
<p>The value is <span class="tt">[% CGI.cookie('cookie_name') | html %]</span></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="head">
<h1 id="Extending_the_Template_Toolkit" onclick="switch_section(this)" title="Click title to show/hide section content.">Extending the Template Toolkit</h1>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_Can_I_serve_templates_from_a_database_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">Can I serve templates from a database?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
Short answer: yes, Chris Nandor has done this for Slash. You need to
subclass Template::Provider. See the mailing list archives for further
info.
</p>
</div>
</div> <div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_Can_I_fetch_templates_via_http_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">Can I fetch templates via http?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
To do the job properly, you should sublcass Template::Provider to
Template::Provider::HTTP and use a PREFIX_MAP option to bind the 'http'
template prefix to that particular provider (you may want to go digging
around in the <i>Changes</i> file around version 2.01 for more info on
PREFIX_MAP - it may not be properly documented anywhere else...yet!).
e.g. (untested due to lack of existing HTTP Provider - patches welcome!).
</p>
<pre>use Template::Provider::HTTP;</pre>
<pre>my $file = Template::Provider( INCLUDE_PATH => [...] );
my $http = Template::Provider::HTTP->new(...);
my $tt2 = Template->new({
LOAD_TEMPLATES => [ $file, $http ],
PREFIX_MAP => {
file => '0', # file:foo.html
http => '1', # http:foo.html
default => '0', # foo.html => file:foo.html
}
});</pre>
<p>
Now a template specified as:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% INCLUDE foo %]</span></pre>
<p>
will be served by the 'file' provider (the default). Otherwise you can
explicitly add a prefix:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% INCLUDE file:foo.html %]</span>
<span class="tt">[% INCLUDE http:foo.html %]</span>
<span class="tt">[% INCLUDE http://www.xyz.com/tt2/header.tt2 %]</span></pre>
<p>
This same principal can be used to create a DBI template provider. e.g.
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% INCLUDE dbi:foo.html %]</span></pre>
<p>
But similarly, alas, we don't yet have a DBI provider as part of the
Template Toolkit. There has been some talk on the mailing list about
efforts to develop DBI and/or HTTP providers but as yet no-one has
stepped forward to take up the challenge...
</p>
<p>
In the mean time, Craig's post from the mailing list has some useful
pointers on how to acheive this using existing modules:
</p>
<pre>To: Adam Theo <adamtheo@theoretic.com>
From: Craig Barratt <craig@arraycomm.com>
Date: Fri, 18 May 2001 17:06:59 -0700
> i was wondering if there is anyway to fetch a file using http:// or
> ftp:// and include that?
Here's one way. Set the LOAD_PERL option:
use Template;
my $template = Template->new({
LOAD_PERL => 1
});
$template->process("example.tt", { stdout => *STDOUT })
|| die $template->error();
and then use LWP::UserAgent and HTTP::Request:
<span class="tt">[%
USE ua = LWP.UserAgent;
ua.proxy("http", "http://your_proxy/");
USE req = HTTP.Request("GET", "http://www.cpan.org");
ua.request(req).content;
-%]</span>
For FTP use Net::FTP:
<span class="tt">[%
USE ftp = Net.FTP("ftp.cpan.org");
x = ftp.login("anonymous", "me@here.there");
x = ftp.cwd("/");
x = ftp.get("welcome.msg", stdout);
x = ftp.quit;
-%]</span>
Normally ftp.get would write the file into the current directory.
Instead we pass stdout as a second argument so that it is written
to stdout. We set stdout to STDOUT in the variables we pass to
process.
Craig</pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="head">
<h1 id="Miscellaneous" onclick="switch_section(this)" title="Click title to show/hide section content.">Miscellaneous</h1>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_How_can_I_find_out_the_name_of_the_main_template_being_processed_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">How can I find out the name of the main template being processed?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
The <code>template</code> variable contains a reference to the
Template::Document object for the main template you're processing (i.e.
the one provided as the first argument to the Template process() method).
The <code>name</code> method returns its name.
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% template.name %]</span> # e.g. index.html</pre>
</div>
</div> <div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_How_can_I_find_out_the_name_of_the_current_template_being_processed_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">How can I find out the name of the current template being processed?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
The <code>template</code> variable always references the <i>main</i>
template being processed. So even if you call [% INCLUDE header %], and
that calls [% INCLUDE menu %], the <code>template</code> variable will be
unchanged.
</p>
<p>
index.html:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% template.name %]</span> # index.html
<span class="tt">[% INCLUDE header %]</span></pre>
<p>
header:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% template.name %]</span> # index.html
<span class="tt">[% INCLUDE menu %]</span></pre>
<p>
menu:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% template.name %]</span> # index.html</pre>
<p>
In constrast, the <code>component</code> variable always references the
<i>current</i> template being processed.
</p>
<p>
index.html
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% component.name %]</span> # index.html
<span class="tt">[% INCLUDE header %]</span></pre>
<p>
header:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% component.name %]</span> # header
<span class="tt">[% INCLUDE menu %]</span></pre>
<p>
menu:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% component.name %]</span> # menu</pre>
</div>
</div> <div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_How_do_I_print_the_modification_time_of_the_template_or_component_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">How do I print the modification time of the template or component?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
The <code>template</code> and <code>component</code> variables reference
the main template and the current template being processed (see previous
questions). The <code>modtime</code> method returns the modification time
of the corresponding template file as a number of seconds since the Unix
epoch (00:00:00 GMT 1st January 1970).
</p>
<p>
This number doesn't mean much to anyone (except perhaps serious Unix
geeks) so you'll probably want to use the Date plugin to format it for
human consumption.
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% USE Date %]</span></pre>
<pre><span class="tt">[% template.name %]</span> last modified <span class="tt">[% Date.format(template.modtime) %]</span></pre>
</div>
</div> <div class="subsection">
<div class="head">
<h2 id="section_How_can_I_configure_variables_on_a_per_request_basis_" onclick="switch_subsection(this)" title="Click title to show/hide sub-section content.">How can I configure variables on a per-request basis?</h2>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
One easy way to acheive this is to define a single PRE_PROCESS template
which loads in other configuration files based on variables defined or
other conditions.
</p>
<p>
For example, my setup usually looks something like this:
</p>
<pre>PRE_PROCESS => 'config/main'</pre>
<p>
config/main:
</p>
<pre>[% DEFAULT style = 'text'
section = template.section or 'home';</pre>
<pre> PROCESS config/site
+ config/urls
+ config/macros
+ "config/style/$style"
+ "config/section/$section"
+ ...
%]</pre>
<p>
This allows me to set a single 'style' variable to control which config
file gets pre-processed to set my various style options (colours, img
paths, etc). For example:
</p>
<p>
config/style/basic:
</p>
<pre>[% style = {
name = style # save existing 'style' var as 'style.name'</pre>
<pre># define various other style variables....
col = {
back => '#ffffff'
text => '#000000'
# ...etc...
}</pre>
<pre>logo = {
# ...etc...
}</pre>
<pre> # ...etc...
}
%]</pre>
<p>
Each source template can declare which section it's in via a META
directive:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% META
title = 'General Information'
section = 'info'
%]</span></pre>
<pre>...</pre>
<p>
This controls which section configuration file gets loaded to set various
other variables for defining the section title, menu, etc.
</p>
<p>
config/section/info:
</p>
<pre><span class="tt">[% section = {
name = section # save 'section' var as 'section.name'
title = 'Information'
menu = [ ... ]
# ...etc...
}
%]</span></pre>
<p>
This illustrates the basic principal but you can extend it to perform
pretty much any kind of per-document initialisation that you require.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="head">
<h1 id="AUTHOR" onclick="switch_section(this)" title="Click title to show/hide section content.">AUTHOR</h1>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
Andy Wardley <abw@wardley.org> <a
href="http://wardley.org/">http://wardley.org/</a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="head">
<h1 id="COPYRIGHT" onclick="switch_section(this)" title="Click title to show/hide section content.">COPYRIGHT</h1>
<a href="#body" class="top" title="Back up to the top of the page" >Top</a>
</div>
<div class="body">
<p>
Copyright (C) 1996-2007 Andy Wardley. All Rights Reserved.
</p>
<p>
This module is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>
<br class="clear" />
<div class="pageinfo">
/misc/FAQ.html last modified 10:38:14 01-Jun-2007
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<a href="http://opensource.org/" class="osi"></a>
<div class="controls">
<div class="pager">
<span class="go back">Back<span class="about"></span></span>
<span class="go up">Up<span class="about"></span></span>
<span class="go next">Next<span class="about"></span></span>
</div>
</div>
<div class="copyright">
Copyright © 1996-2007 <a href="http://wardley.org/">Andy Wardley</a>. All Rights Reserved.
</div>
<div class="licence">
The <a href="http://template-toolkit.org/">Template Toolkit</a> is <a href="http://opensource.org/">Open Source</a> software.
You can redistribute and/or modify it under the terms of the <a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php">GNU Public Licence</a>
or the <a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/artistic-license.php">Perl Artistic Licence</a>.
</div>
</div>
<div id="palette">
<ul>
<li class="first"><a href="#" class="blue" onclick="set_style('Clear Blue')"></a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="orange" onclick="set_style('Clear Orange')"></a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="green" onclick="set_style('Clear Green')"></a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="purple" onclick="set_style('Clear Purple')"></a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="grey" onclick="set_style('Clear Grey')"></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div> </body>
</html>
|
