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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<title>libvirt: Bhyve driver</title>
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<h1>Bhyve driver</h1>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#uri">Connections to the Bhyve driver</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#exconfig">Example guest domain XML configurations</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#usage">Guest usage / management</a>
<ul>
<li>
<a href="#console">Connecting to a guest console</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#xmltonative">Converting from domain XML to Bhyve args</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#zfsvolume">Using ZFS volumes</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#grubbhyve">Using grub2-bhyve or Alternative Bootloaders</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#uefi">Using UEFI bootrom, VNC, and USB tablet</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#clockconfig">Clock configuration</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#e1000">e1000 NIC</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#wired">Wiring guest memory</a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#cputopology">CPU topology</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
Bhyve is a FreeBSD hypervisor. It first appeared in FreeBSD 10.0. However, it's
recommended to keep tracking FreeBSD 10-STABLE to make sure all new features
of bhyve are supported.
In order to enable bhyve on your FreeBSD host, you'll need to load the <code>vmm</code>
kernel module. Additionally, <code>if_tap</code> and <code>if_bridge</code> modules
should be loaded for networking support. Also, <span class="since">since 3.2.0</span> the
<code>virt-host-validate(1)</code> supports the bhyve host validation and could be
used like this:
</p>
<pre>
$ virt-host-validate bhyve
BHYVE: Checking for vmm module : PASS
BHYVE: Checking for if_tap module : PASS
BHYVE: Checking for if_bridge module : PASS
BHYVE: Checking for nmdm module : PASS
$
</pre>
<p>
Additional information on bhyve could be obtained on <a href="http://bhyve.org/">bhyve.org</a>.
</p>
<h2>
<a id="uri">Connections to the Bhyve driver</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#uri" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h2>
<p>
The libvirt bhyve driver is a single-instance privileged driver. Some sample
connection URIs are:
</p>
<pre>
bhyve:///system (local access)
bhyve+unix:///system (local access)
bhyve+ssh://root@example.com/system (remote access, SSH tunnelled)
</pre>
<h2>
<a id="exconfig">Example guest domain XML configurations</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#exconfig" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h2>
<h3>Example config</h3>
<p>
The bhyve driver in libvirt is in its early stage and under active development. So it supports
only limited number of features bhyve provides.
</p>
<p>
Note: in older libvirt versions, only a single network device and a single
disk device were supported per-domain. However,
<span class="since">since 1.2.6</span> the libvirt bhyve driver supports
up to 31 PCI devices.
</p>
<p>
Note: the Bhyve driver in libvirt will boot whichever device is first. If you
want to install from CD, put the CD device first. If not, put the root HDD
first.
</p>
<p>
Note: Only the SATA bus is supported. Only <code>cdrom</code>- and
<code>disk</code>-type disks are supported.
</p>
<pre>
<domain type='bhyve'>
<name>bhyve</name>
<uuid>df3be7e7-a104-11e3-aeb0-50e5492bd3dc</uuid>
<memory>219136</memory>
<currentMemory>219136</currentMemory>
<vcpu>1</vcpu>
<os>
<type>hvm</type>
</os>
<features>
<apic/>
<acpi/>
</features>
<clock offset='utc'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<devices>
<disk type='file'>
<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
<source file='/path/to/bhyve_freebsd.img'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='sata'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
<source file='/path/to/cdrom.iso'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='sata'/>
<readonly/>
</disk>
<interface type='bridge'>
<model type='virtio'/>
<source bridge="virbr0"/>
</interface>
</devices>
</domain>
</pre>
<p>(The <disk> sections may be swapped in order to install from
<em>cdrom.iso</em>.)</p>
<h3>Example config (Linux guest)</h3>
<p>
Note the addition of <bootloader>.
</p>
<pre>
<domain type='bhyve'>
<name>linux_guest</name>
<uuid>df3be7e7-a104-11e3-aeb0-50e5492bd3dc</uuid>
<memory>131072</memory>
<currentMemory>131072</currentMemory>
<vcpu>1</vcpu>
<bootloader>/usr/local/sbin/grub-bhyve</bootloader>
<os>
<type>hvm</type>
</os>
<features>
<apic/>
<acpi/>
</features>
<clock offset='utc'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<devices>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
<source file='/path/to/guest_hdd.img'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='sata'/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
<source file='/path/to/cdrom.iso'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='sata'/>
<readonly/>
</disk>
<interface type='bridge'>
<model type='virtio'/>
<source bridge="virbr0"/>
</interface>
</devices>
</domain>
</pre>
<h3>Example config (Linux UEFI guest, VNC, tablet)</h3>
<p>This is an example to boot into Fedora 25 installation:</p>
<pre>
<domain type='bhyve'>
<name>fedora_uefi_vnc_tablet</name>
<memory unit='G'>4</memory>
<vcpu>2</vcpu>
<os>
<type>hvm</type>
<b><loader readonly="yes" type="pflash">/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd</loader></b>
</os>
<features>
<apic/>
<acpi/>
</features>
<clock offset='utc'/>
<on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
<on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
<on_crash>destroy</on_crash>
<devices>
<disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
<source file='/path/to/Fedora-Workstation-Live-x86_64-25-1.3.iso'/>
<target dev='hdc' bus='sata'/>
<readonly/>
</disk>
<disk type='file' device='disk'>
<driver name='file' type='raw'/>
<source file='/path/to/linux_uefi.img'/>
<target dev='hda' bus='sata'/>
</disk>
<interface type='bridge'>
<model type='virtio'/>
<source bridge="virbr0"/>
</interface>
<serial type="nmdm">
<source master="/dev/nmdm0A" slave="/dev/nmdm0B"/>
</serial>
<b><graphics type='vnc' port='5904'>
<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
</graphics>
<controller type='usb' model='nec-xhci'/>
<input type='tablet' bus='usb'/></b>
</devices>
</domain>
</pre>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="#uefi">UEFI</a> section for a more detailed explanation.</p>
<h2>
<a id="usage">Guest usage / management</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h2>
<h3>
<a id="console">Connecting to a guest console</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#console" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h3>
<p>
Guest console connection is supported through the <code>nmdm</code> device. It could be enabled by adding
the following to the domain XML (<span class="since">Since 1.2.4</span>):
</p>
<pre>
...
<devices>
<serial type="nmdm">
<source master="/dev/nmdm0A" slave="/dev/nmdm0B"/>
</serial>
</devices>
...</pre>
<p>Make sure to load the <code>nmdm</code> kernel module if you plan to use that.</p>
<p>
Then <code>virsh console</code> command can be used to connect to the text console
of a guest.</p>
<p><b>NB:</b> Some versions of bhyve have a bug that prevents guests from booting
until the console is opened by a client. This bug was fixed in FreeBSD
<a href="http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/262884">r262884</a>. If
an older version is used, one either has to open a console manually with <code>virsh console</code>
to let a guest boot or start a guest using:</p>
<pre>start --console domname</pre>
<p><b>NB:</b> A bootloader configured to require user interaction will prevent
the domain from starting (and thus <code>virsh console</code> or <code>start
--console</code> from functioning) until the user interacts with it manually on
the VM host. Because users typically do not have access to the VM host,
interactive bootloaders are unsupported by libvirt. <em>However,</em> if you happen to
run into this scenario and also happen to have access to the Bhyve host
machine, you may select a boot option and allow the domain to finish starting
by using an alternative terminal client on the VM host to connect to the
domain-configured null modem device. One example (assuming
<code>/dev/nmdm0B</code> is configured as the slave end of the domain serial
device) is:</p>
<pre>cu -l /dev/nmdm0B</pre>
<h3>
<a id="xmltonative">Converting from domain XML to Bhyve args</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#xmltonative" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h3>
<p>
The <code>virsh domxml-to-native</code> command can preview the actual
<code>bhyve</code> commands that will be executed for a given domain.
It outputs two lines, the first line is a <code>bhyveload</code> command and
the second is a <code>bhyve</code> command.
</p>
<p>Please note that the <code>virsh domxml-to-native</code> doesn't do any
real actions other than printing the command, for example, it doesn't try to
find a proper TAP interface and create it, like what is done when starting
a domain; and always returns <code>tap0</code> for the network interface. So
if you're going to run these commands manually, most likely you might want to
tweak them.</p>
<pre>
# virsh -c "bhyve:///system" domxml-to-native --format bhyve-argv --xml /path/to/bhyve.xml
/usr/sbin/bhyveload -m 214 -d /home/user/vm1.img vm1
/usr/sbin/bhyve -c 2 -m 214 -A -I -H -P -s 0:0,hostbridge -s 3:0,virtio-net,tap0,mac=52:54:00:5d:74:e3 -s 2:0,virtio-blk,/home/user/vm1.img -s 1,lpc -l com1,/dev/nmdm0A vm1
</pre>
<h3>
<a id="zfsvolume">Using ZFS volumes</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#zfsvolume" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h3>
<p>It's possible to use ZFS volumes as disk devices <span class="since">since 1.2.8</span>.
An example of domain XML device entry for that will look like:</p>
<pre>
...
<disk type='volume' device='disk'>
<source pool='zfspool' volume='vol1'/>
<target dev='vdb' bus='virtio'/>
</disk>
...</pre>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="storage.html">Storage documentation</a> for more details on storage
management.</p>
<h3>
<a id="grubbhyve">Using grub2-bhyve or Alternative Bootloaders</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#grubbhyve" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h3>
<p>It's possible to boot non-FreeBSD guests by specifying an explicit
bootloader, e.g. <code>grub-bhyve(1)</code>. Arguments to the bootloader may be
specified as well. If the bootloader is <code>grub-bhyve</code> and arguments
are omitted, libvirt will try and infer boot ordering from user-supplied
<boot order='N'> configuration in the domain. Failing that, it will boot
the first disk in the domain (either <code>cdrom</code>- or
<code>disk</code>-type devices). If the disk type is <code>disk</code>, it will
attempt to boot from the first partition in the disk image.</p>
<pre>
...
<bootloader>/usr/local/sbin/grub-bhyve</bootloader>
<bootloader_args>...</bootloader_args>
...
</pre>
<p>Caveat: <code>bootloader_args</code> does not support any quoting.
Filenames, etc, must not have spaces or they will be tokenized incorrectly.</p>
<h3>
<a id="uefi">Using UEFI bootrom, VNC, and USB tablet</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#uefi" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h3>
<p><span class="since">Since 3.2.0</span>, in addition to <a href="#grubbhyve">grub-bhyve</a>,
non-FreeBSD guests could be also booted using an UEFI boot ROM, provided both guest OS and
installed <code>bhyve(1)</code> version support UEFI. To use that, <code>loader</code>
should be specified in the <code>os</code> section:</p>
<pre>
<domain type='bhyve'>
...
<os>
<type>hvm</type>
<loader readonly="yes" type="pflash">/usr/local/share/uefi-firmware/BHYVE_UEFI.fd</loader>
</os>
...
</pre>
<p>This uses the UEFI firmware provided by
the <a href="https://www.freshports.org/sysutils/bhyve-firmware/">sysutils/bhyve-firmware</a>
FreeBSD port.</p>
<p>VNC and the tablet input device could be configured this way:</p>
<pre>
<domain type='bhyve'>
<devices>
...
<graphics type='vnc' port='5904'>
<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
</graphics>
<controller type='usb' model='nec-xhci'/>
<input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>
</devices>
...
</domain>
</pre>
<p>This way, VNC will be accessible on <code>127.0.0.1:5904</code>.</p>
<p>Please note that the tablet device requires to have a USB controller
of the <code>nec-xhci</code> model. Currently, only a single controller of this
type and a single tablet are supported per domain.</p>
<p><span class="since">Since 3.5.0</span>, it's possible to configure how the video device is exposed
to the guest using the <code>vgaconf</code> attribute:</p>
<pre>
<domain type='bhyve'>
<devices>
...
<graphics type='vnc' port='5904'>
<listen type='address' address='127.0.0.1'/>
</graphics>
<video>
<driver vgaconf='on'/>
<model type='gop' heads='1' primary='yes'/>
</video>
...
</devices>
...
</domain>
</pre>
<p>If not specified, bhyve's default mode for <code>vgaconf</code>
will be used. Please refer to the
<a href="https://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=bhyve&sektion=8&manpath=FreeBSD+12-current">bhyve(8)</a>
manual page and the <a href="https://wiki.freebsd.org/bhyve">bhyve wiki</a> for more details on using
the <code>vgaconf</code> option.</p>
<p><span class="since">Since 3.7.0</span>, it's possible to use <code>autoport</code>
to let libvirt allocate VNC port automatically (instead of explicitly specifying
it with the <code>port</code> attribute):</p>
<pre>
<graphics type='vnc' autoport='yes'>
</pre>
<h3>
<a id="clockconfig">Clock configuration</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#clockconfig" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h3>
<p>Originally bhyve supported only localtime for RTC. Support for UTC time was introduced in
<a href="http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/284894">r284894</a> for <i>10-STABLE</i> and
in <a href="http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/279225">r279225</a> for <i>-CURRENT</i>.
It's possible to use this in libvirt <span class="since">since 1.2.18</span>, just place the
following to domain XML:</p>
<pre>
<domain type="bhyve">
...
<clock offset='utc'/>
...
</domain>
</pre>
<p>Please note that if you run the older bhyve version that doesn't support UTC time, you'll
fail to start a domain. As UTC is used as a default when you do not specify clock settings,
you'll need to explicitly specify 'localtime' in this case:</p>
<pre>
<domain type="bhyve">
...
<clock offset='localtime'/>
...
</domain>
</pre>
<h3>
<a id="e1000">e1000 NIC</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#e1000" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h3>
<p>As of <a href="https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/302504">r302504</a> bhyve
supports Intel e1000 network adapter emulation. It's supported in libvirt
<span class="since">since 3.1.0</span> and could be used as follows:</p>
<pre>
...
<interface type='bridge'>
<source bridge='virbr0'/>
<model type='<b>e1000</b>'/>
</interface>
...
</pre>
<h3>
<a id="wired">Wiring guest memory</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#wired" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h3>
<p><span class="since">Since 4.4.0</span>, it's possible to specify that guest memory should
be wired and cannot be swapped out as follows:</p>
<pre>
<domain type="bhyve">
...
<memoryBacking>
<locked/>
</memoryBacking>
...
</domain>
</pre>
<h3>
<a id="cputopology">CPU topology</a>
<a class="headerlink" href="#cputopology" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a>
</h3>
<p><span class="since">Since 4.5.0</span>, it's possible to specify guest CPU topology, if bhyve
supports that. Support for specifying guest CPU topology was added to bhyve in
<a href="http://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/base/332298">r332298</a> for <i>-CURRENT</i>.
Example:</p>
<pre>
<domain type="bhyve">
...
<cpu>
<topology sockets='1' cores='2' threads='1'/>
</cpu>
...
</domain>
</pre>
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