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<UL>
<LI><A href="#intro">Introduction</A></LI>
<LI><A href="#features">Xalan-Java Features</A></LI>
<LI><A href="#towork">Getting to work with Xalan-Java</A></LI>
<LI><A href="#uptospeed">Getting up to speed with XSLT</A></LI>
<LI><A href="#glossary">Glossary</A></LI>
</UL><A name="intro"><!--anchor--></A>
<TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="666699" colspan="2" width="494"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="492"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="2" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="2"><B>Introduction</B></FONT></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD width="10"> </TD><TD width="484"><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
<P>Xalan-Java (named after a rare musical instrument) fully implements the <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt" target="_top">W3C Recommendation XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0</A> and the
<A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath" target="_top">XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0</A>. XSLT is the first part of the XSL stylesheet language for XML. It includes the XSL
Transformation vocabulary and XPath, a language for addressing parts of XML documents. For links to background materials,
discussion groups, frequently asked questions, and tutorials on XSLT, see <A href="#uptospeed">Getting up
to speed with XSLT</A>.</P>
<TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"><TR><TD valign="top" width="20"><IMG alt="Note" border="0" height="24" hspace="0" src="resources/note.gif" vspace="0" width="20"></TD><TD valign="top"><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="-1"><I>XSL also includes a vocabulary for formatting documents, which is not part of Xalan-Java.
For more information, see <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl" target="_top">Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) Version 1.0 W3C Candidate Recommendation</A> and the <A href="http://xml.apache.org/fop">Apache XML FOP (Formatting Objects Project)</A>.</I></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P>You use the XSLT language to compose XSL stylesheets. An XSL stylesheet contains instructions for
transforming XML documents from one document type into another document type (XML, HTML, or other). In structural
terms, an XSL stylesheet specifies the transformation of one tree of nodes (the XML input) into another tree of nodes
(the output or transformation result).</P>
<TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="3" width="100%"><TR><TD valign="top" width="20"><IMG alt="Note" border="0" height="24" hspace="0" src="resources/note.gif" vspace="0" width="20"></TD><TD valign="top"><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="-1"><I>The XSL stylesheet may generate and refer to cascading style sheets (<A href="http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/">CSS</A>) as part of its output.</I></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P>In the following example, the foo.xsl stylesheet is used to transform foo.xml into foo.out:</P>
<P>foo.xml:</P>
<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" width="464"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="462"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="462"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="462"><FONT size="-1"><PRE><?xml version="1.0"?>
<doc>Hello</doc></PRE></FONT></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="462"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="462"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>foo.xsl:</P>
<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" width="464"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="462"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="462"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="462"><FONT size="-1"><PRE><?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="doc">
<out><xsl:value-of select="."/></out>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet></PRE></FONT></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="462"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="462"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>foo.out:</P>
<DIV align="right"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4" width="464"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="462"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="462"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#ffffff" width="462"><FONT size="-1"><PRE><out>Hello</out></PRE></FONT></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="462"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="462"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></DIV>
<P>By default, Xalan-Java uses Xerces-Java, and it may be configured with system properties to work with other XML parsers (see <A href="usagepatterns.html#plug">Plugging in a Transformer and XML parser</A>). The input may be submitted in the form of a stream of XML markup (from a URI, a character or byte stream, or another transformation), a SAX InputStream, or a DOM Node.</P>
<P>Xalan-Java performs the transformations specified in the XSL stylesheet and packages a sequence of SAX events that may be serialized to an output stream or writer, used to build a DOM tree, or forwarded as input to another transformation.</P>
</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR><A name="features"><!--anchor--></A>
<TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="666699" colspan="2" width="494"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="492"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="2" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="2"><B>Xalan-Java Features</B></FONT></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD width="10"> </TD><TD width="484"><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
<UL>
<LI>Implements the relevant W3C specifications: <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt" target="_top">W3C Recommendation XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0</A> and <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath" target="_top">XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0</A>.<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Implements <A href="apidocs/javax/xml/transform/trax.html" target="_top">TRaX (Transformation API for XML)</A>, now part of <A href="http://java.sun.com/xml/docs/api/index.html" target="_top">Java API for XML Parsing 1.0</A>, and builds on
<A href="http://www.megginson.com/SAX/Java/index.html" target="_top">SAX 2</A> and <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-2/" target="_top">DOM level 2</A>.<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>May be configured to work with any XML parser, such
<A href="http://xml.apache.org/xerces-j/index.html">Xerces-Java</A>, that implements <A href="http://java.sun.com/xml/docs/api/index.html" target="_top">Java API for XML Parsing 1.0</A> (see <A href="usagepatterns.html#plug">Plugging in an XML
parser</A>).<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Can process Stream, SAX or DOM input, and output to a Stream, SAX or DOM.<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Transformations may be chained (the output of one transformation may be the input for
another).<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>May be run from the <A href="commandline.html">command line</A> for convenient file-to-file
transformations.<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Includes an <A href="usagepatterns.html#applet">applet wrapper</A>.<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>May be used in a <A href="samples.html#servlet">servlet</A> to transform XML documents into
HTML and serve the results to clients.<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Supports the creation of <A href="extensions.html">Java and scripting language extensions</A>. and
provides a growing library of extension elements and functions.</LI>
</UL>
</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR><A name="towork"><!--anchor--></A>
<TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="666699" colspan="2" width="494"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="492"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="2" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="2"><B>Getting to work with Xalan-Java</B></FONT></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD width="10"> </TD><TD width="484"><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
<P>For instructions and some suggestions about how to get started using Xalan-Java, see
<A href="getstarted.html">Getting Started</A>.</P>
</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR><A name="uptospeed"><!--anchor--></A>
<TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="666699" colspan="2" width="494"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="492"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="2" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="2"><B>Getting up to speed with XSLT</B></FONT></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD width="10"> </TD><TD width="484"><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
<P>If you are still working through the details of the XSLT spec (the W3C 1.0 Recommendation), you may want
to consult one or more of the following:</P>
<UL>
<LI>Michael Kay's <A href="http://www.wrox.com/Consumer/Store/Details.asp?ISBN=1861003129">XSLT Programmer's
Reference</A>, Wrox Press, 2000<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Neil Bradley's XSL Companion, Addison-Wesley, 2000<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Elliotte Rusty Harold's <A href="http://metalab.unc.edu/xml/books/bible/updates/14.html">Chapter 14 of
the XML Bible: XSL Transformations</A><BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Crane Softwright's <A href="http://www.CraneSoftwrights.com/training/">Free preview of Practical
Transformation Using XSLT and XPath</A><BR><BR></LI>
<LI>The Mulberry <A href="http://www.mulberrytech.com/xsl/xsl-list/">XSL-List -- Open Forum on XSL</A>
(of interest to XSL users at all levels)<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Dave Pawson's <A href="http://www.dpawson.co.uk/xsl/xslfaq.html" target="_top">XSL Frequently Asked Questions</A><BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Objects by Design's <A href="http://www.objectsbydesign.com/projects/xmi_to_html.html">Transforming XMI to
HTML</A> (oriented towards XMI, "an XML-based, stream representation of a UML model," but also covers "generic"
XML transformations)<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Objects by Design;'s <A href="http://objectsbydesign.com/projects/xslt/xslt_by_example.html">XSLT by
Example</A><BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Miloslav Nic's <A href="http://zvon.vscht.cz/HTMLonly/XSLTutorial/Books/Book1/index.html">XSL Tutorial</A>
<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>OASIS (the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards):
<A href="http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/xsl.html">Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL)</A> by Robin
Cover<BR><BR></LI>
<LI>Donald Ball's <A href="http://www.webslingerZ.com/balld/xsl/designer_manual.xml">A Guide to XML and XSL for
Designers</A><BR><BR></LI>
<LI>XSLT - XSL Transformations in
<A href="http://www.brics.dk/~amoeller/XML/">The XML Revolution: Technologies for the future Web</A> by
Anders Møller and Michael I. Schwartzbach</LI>
</UL>
<P>When you come across other useful introductory or background materials, please email <A href="mailto:xalan-dev@xml.apache.org">Xalan Development Mailing List</A>, so we can add them to this list.</P>
</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR><A name="glossary"><!--anchor--></A>
<TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="666699" colspan="2" width="494"><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="494"><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#039acc" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#039acc" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" width="492"><FONT color="#ffffff" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif" size="+1"><IMG border="0" height="2" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="2"><B>Glossary</B></FONT></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="492"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="492"></TD><TD bgcolor="#017299" height="1" width="1"><IMG border="0" height="1" hspace="0" src="resources/void.gif" vspace="0" width="1"></TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR><TR><TD width="10"> </TD><TD width="484"><FONT color="#000000" face="arial,helvetica,sanserif">
<DL>
<DT>XSLT Namespace</DT>
<DD>The <A href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/">XML namespace</A> for XSLT. An XML namespace is a
collection of element and attribute names, identified by a Unique Resource Identifier (URI), which often takes the form of
a URL, but is really just a unique string, not a pointer to a web page. The XSLT namespace URI is
http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform. In each XSLT stylesheet, you must declare this namespace in the stylesheet element
tag and bind it to a local prefix. Like the XSLT specification, we always use xsl as the XSLT namespace prefix in our
descriptions and examples, although you are free to bind any prefix to this namespace.<BR><BR></DD>
<DT>XSL Instruction</DT>
<DD>Any tag associated with the XSLT namespace.<BR><BR></DD>
<DT>Template</DT>
<DD>An element, usually with child elements, that specifies a "rule" or set of
instructions to perform when a particular kind of node is encountered in the source tree.<BR><BR></DD>
<DT>XSL Template Instruction</DT>
<DD>Any tag that occurs inside an xsl:template element and is associated with the XSLT namespace.<BR><BR></DD>
<DT>Source Tree</DT>
<DD>The XML tree input to the XSL process.<BR><BR></DD>
<DT>Result Tree</DT>
<DD>The tree that is output by the XSL process.<BR><BR></DD>
<DT>Match Pattern</DT>
<DD>The part of a template that defines the kind(s) of nodes to which the template applies.<BR><BR></DD>
</DL>
<P>For more definitions of XSLT terminology, see Dave Pawson's
<A href="http://www.dpawson.co.uk/xsl/vocab.html">XSLT Terminology
Clarification</A> and the Glossary in Michael Kay's
<A href="http://www.wrox.com/Consumer/Store/Details.asp?ISBN=1861003129">XSLT Programmer's Reference</A>.</P>
</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><BR>
</TD></TR></TABLE></TD></TR></TABLE><BR><TABLE border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="620"><TR><TD bgcolor="#0086b2"><IMG height="1" src="images/dot.gif" width="1"></TD></TR><TR><TD align="center"><FONT color="#0086b2" size="-1"><I>
Copyright © 2000 The Apache Software Foundation.
All Rights Reserved.
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