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<a href="#define-members">Macros</a> |
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<div class="headertitle"><div class="title">PreparedStatement.h File Reference</div></div>
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<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<div class="textblock"><p>A <b>PreparedStatement</b> represents a single SQL statement pre-compiled into byte code for later execution. </p>
<p>The SQL statement may contain <em>in</em> parameters of the form <code>?</code>. Such parameters represent unspecified literal values (or "wildcards") to be filled in later by the various setter methods defined in this interface. Each <em>in</em> parameter has an associated index number which is its sequence in the statement. The first <em>in</em> '?' parameter has index 1, the next has index 2 and so on. A PreparedStatement is created by calling <a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a16dfbbe273d9a872462bed182dec3bb5" title="Prepares a SQL statement for execution.">Connection_prepareStatement()</a>.</p>
<p>Consider this statement: </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> employee(name, photo) <span class="keyword">VALUES</span>(?, ?)</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p> There are two <em>in</em> parameters in this statement, the parameter for setting the name has index 1 and the one for the photo has index 2. To set the values for the <em>in</em> parameters we use a setter method. Assuming name has a string value we use <a class="el" href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05" title="Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given string value.">PreparedStatement_setString()</a>. To set the value of the photo we submit a binary value using the method <a class="el" href="#ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff" title="Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given blob value.">PreparedStatement_setBlob()</a>.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md17"></a>
Example</h2>
<p>To summarize, here is the code in context.</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">PreparedStatement_T p = <a class="code hl_function" href="Connection_8h.html#a16dfbbe273d9a872462bed182dec3bb5">Connection_prepareStatement</a>(con, <span class="stringliteral">"INSERT INTO employee(name, photo) VALUES(?, ?)"</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a class="code hl_function" href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05">PreparedStatement_setString</a>(p, 1, <span class="stringliteral">"Kamiya Kaoru"</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a class="code hl_function" href="#ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff">PreparedStatement_setBlob</a>(p, 2, jpeg, jpeg_size);</div>
<div class="line"><a class="code hl_function" href="#a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f">PreparedStatement_execute</a>(p);</div>
<div class="ttc" id="aConnection_8h_html_a16dfbbe273d9a872462bed182dec3bb5"><div class="ttname"><a href="Connection_8h.html#a16dfbbe273d9a872462bed182dec3bb5">Connection_prepareStatement</a></div><div class="ttdeci">PreparedStatement_T Connection_prepareStatement(T C, const char *sql,...)</div><div class="ttdoc">Prepares a SQL statement for execution.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aPreparedStatement_8h_html_a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05"><div class="ttname"><a href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05">PreparedStatement_setString</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void PreparedStatement_setString(T P, int parameterIndex, const char *x)</div><div class="ttdoc">Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given string value.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aPreparedStatement_8h_html_a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f"><div class="ttname"><a href="#a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f">PreparedStatement_execute</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void PreparedStatement_execute(T P)</div><div class="ttdoc">Executes the prepared SQL statement.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aPreparedStatement_8h_html_ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff"><div class="ttname"><a href="#ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff">PreparedStatement_setBlob</a></div><div class="ttdeci">void PreparedStatement_setBlob(T P, int parameterIndex, const void *x, int size)</div><div class="ttdoc">Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given blob value.</div></div>
</div><!-- fragment --><h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md18"></a>
Reuse</h2>
<p>A PreparedStatement can be reused. That is, the method <a class="el" href="#a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f" title="Executes the prepared SQL statement.">PreparedStatement_execute()</a> can be called one or more times to execute the same statement. Clients can also set new <em>in</em> parameter values and re-execute the statement as shown in this example:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">PreparedStatement_T p = <a class="code hl_function" href="Connection_8h.html#a16dfbbe273d9a872462bed182dec3bb5">Connection_prepareStatement</a>(con, <span class="stringliteral">"INSERT INTO employee(name, photo) VALUES(?, ?)"</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordflow">for</span> (<span class="keywordtype">int</span> i = 0; employees[i]; i++)</div>
<div class="line">{</div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_function" href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05">PreparedStatement_setString</a>(p, 1, employees[i].name);</div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_function" href="#ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff">PreparedStatement_setBlob</a>(p, 2, employees[i].photo.data, employees[i].photo.size);</div>
<div class="line"> <a class="code hl_function" href="#a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f">PreparedStatement_execute</a>(p);</div>
<div class="line">}</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md19"></a>
Result Sets</h2>
<p>Here is another example where we use a Prepared Statement to execute a query which returns a Result Set:</p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line">PreparedStatement_T p = <a class="code hl_function" href="Connection_8h.html#a16dfbbe273d9a872462bed182dec3bb5">Connection_prepareStatement</a>(con, <span class="stringliteral">"SELECT id FROM employee WHERE name LIKE ?"</span>);</div>
<div class="line"><a class="code hl_function" href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05">PreparedStatement_setString</a>(p, 1, <span class="stringliteral">"%oru%"</span>);</div>
<div class="line">ResultSet_T r = <a class="code hl_function" href="#a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63">PreparedStatement_executeQuery</a>(p);</div>
<div class="line"><span class="keywordflow">while</span> (<a class="code hl_function" href="ResultSet_8h.html#a771894bb8c0ddfd90ed6ed9c9c3e46b3">ResultSet_next</a>(r))</div>
<div class="line"> printf(<span class="stringliteral">"employee.id = %d\n"</span>, <a class="code hl_function" href="ResultSet_8h.html#aa73672053b34ee50c21eac0783b28719">ResultSet_getInt</a>(r, 1));</div>
<div class="ttc" id="aPreparedStatement_8h_html_a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63"><div class="ttname"><a href="#a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63">PreparedStatement_executeQuery</a></div><div class="ttdeci">ResultSet_T PreparedStatement_executeQuery(T P)</div><div class="ttdoc">Executes the prepared SQL query.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aResultSet_8h_html_a771894bb8c0ddfd90ed6ed9c9c3e46b3"><div class="ttname"><a href="ResultSet_8h.html#a771894bb8c0ddfd90ed6ed9c9c3e46b3">ResultSet_next</a></div><div class="ttdeci">bool ResultSet_next(T R)</div><div class="ttdoc">Moves the cursor to the next row.</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="aResultSet_8h_html_aa73672053b34ee50c21eac0783b28719"><div class="ttname"><a href="ResultSet_8h.html#aa73672053b34ee50c21eac0783b28719">ResultSet_getInt</a></div><div class="ttdeci">int ResultSet_getInt(T R, int columnIndex)</div><div class="ttdoc">Gets the designated column's value as an int.</div></div>
</div><!-- fragment --><p>A ResultSet returned from <a class="el" href="#a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63" title="Executes the prepared SQL query.">PreparedStatement_executeQuery()</a> is valid until the Prepared Statement is executed again or until the Connection is returned to the Connection Pool.</p>
<h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md20"></a>
Date and Time</h2>
<p><a class="el" href="#a3cf4d848d41a7901727bccac2b58d31c" title="Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given Unix timestamp value.">PreparedStatement_setTimestamp()</a> can be used to set a Unix timestamp value as a <code>time_t</code> type. To set Date, Time or DateTime values, simply use <a class="el" href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05" title="Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given string value.">PreparedStatement_setString()</a> to set a time string in a format understood by your database. For instance to set a SQL Date value,, </p><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a class="code hl_function" href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05">PreparedStatement_setString</a>(p, parameterIndex, <span class="stringliteral">"2019-12-28"</span>);</div>
</div><!-- fragment --><h2><a class="anchor" id="autotoc_md21"></a>
SQL Injection Prevention</h2>
<p>Prepared Statement is particularly useful when dealing with user-submitted data, as properly used Prepared Statements provide strong protection against SQL injection attacks. By separating SQL logic from data, PreparedStatements ensure that user input is treated as data only, not as part of the SQL command.</p>
<p><em>A PreparedStatement is reentrant, but not thread-safe and should only be used by one thread (at a time).</em></p>
<dl class="section note"><dt>Note</dt><dd>Remember that parameter indices in PreparedStatement are 1-based, not 0-based.</dd>
<dd>
To minimizes memory allocation and avoid unnecessary data copying, string and blob values are set by reference and MUST remain valid until either <a class="el" href="#a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f" title="Executes the prepared SQL statement.">PreparedStatement_execute()</a> or <a class="el" href="#a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63" title="Executes the prepared SQL query.">PreparedStatement_executeQuery()</a> is called.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html" title="A Connection represents a connection to a SQL database system.">Connection.h</a> <a class="el" href="ResultSet_8h.html" title="A ResultSet represents a database result set.">ResultSet.h</a> <a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd></dl>
</div><table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a id="define-members" name="define-members"></a>
Macros</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a0acb682b8260ab1c60b918599864e2e5" id="r_a0acb682b8260ab1c60b918599864e2e5"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">#define </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a0acb682b8260ab1c60b918599864e2e5">T</a>   PreparedStatement_T</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a0acb682b8260ab1c60b918599864e2e5"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table><table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a id="typedef-members" name="typedef-members"></a>
Typedefs</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a9e5cf7eed5e2233d2e8e90a70d1e0f77" id="r_a9e5cf7eed5e2233d2e8e90a70d1e0f77"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">typedef struct PreparedStatement_S * </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a9e5cf7eed5e2233d2e8e90a70d1e0f77">T</a></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a9e5cf7eed5e2233d2e8e90a70d1e0f77"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table><table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a id="func-members" name="func-members"></a>
Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><div class="groupHeader">Parameters</div></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05" id="r_a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05">PreparedStatement_setString</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P, int parameterIndex, const char *x)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given string value. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a05d27fb3138e041d4c79c3692d795164" id="r_a05d27fb3138e041d4c79c3692d795164"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a05d27fb3138e041d4c79c3692d795164">PreparedStatement_setSString</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P, int parameterIndex, const char *x, int size)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a05d27fb3138e041d4c79c3692d795164"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given <code>sized</code> string value. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a05d27fb3138e041d4c79c3692d795164"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a350056fea6744da297b674bfbe1ee94e" id="r_a350056fea6744da297b674bfbe1ee94e"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a350056fea6744da297b674bfbe1ee94e">PreparedStatement_setInt</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P, int parameterIndex, int x)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a350056fea6744da297b674bfbe1ee94e"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given int value. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a350056fea6744da297b674bfbe1ee94e"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ac8e3eafb030f466356edc9bdffae841a" id="r_ac8e3eafb030f466356edc9bdffae841a"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#ac8e3eafb030f466356edc9bdffae841a">PreparedStatement_setLLong</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P, int parameterIndex, long long x)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ac8e3eafb030f466356edc9bdffae841a"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given long long value. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ac8e3eafb030f466356edc9bdffae841a"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a023adeb93e4ff455d57a9a5be8d1e26f" id="r_a023adeb93e4ff455d57a9a5be8d1e26f"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a023adeb93e4ff455d57a9a5be8d1e26f">PreparedStatement_setDouble</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P, int parameterIndex, double x)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a023adeb93e4ff455d57a9a5be8d1e26f"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given double value. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a023adeb93e4ff455d57a9a5be8d1e26f"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff" id="r_ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff">PreparedStatement_setBlob</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P, int parameterIndex, const void *x, int size)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given blob value. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a3cf4d848d41a7901727bccac2b58d31c" id="r_a3cf4d848d41a7901727bccac2b58d31c"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a3cf4d848d41a7901727bccac2b58d31c">PreparedStatement_setTimestamp</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P, int parameterIndex, time_t x)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a3cf4d848d41a7901727bccac2b58d31c"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given Unix timestamp value. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:afaa4163d1a916f8943ccf722a83d5b20" id="r_afaa4163d1a916f8943ccf722a83d5b20"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#afaa4163d1a916f8943ccf722a83d5b20">PreparedStatement_setNull</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P, int parameterIndex)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:afaa4163d1a916f8943ccf722a83d5b20"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to SQL NULL. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"><div class="groupHeader">Functions</div></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f" id="r_a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f">PreparedStatement_execute</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Executes the prepared SQL statement. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63" id="r_a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">ResultSet_T </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63">PreparedStatement_executeQuery</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Executes the prepared SQL query. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aaaaec0e14c95b70b342dff0cf604cadd" id="r_aaaaec0e14c95b70b342dff0cf604cadd"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">long long </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#aaaaec0e14c95b70b342dff0cf604cadd">PreparedStatement_rowsChanged</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aaaaec0e14c95b70b342dff0cf604cadd"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Gets the number of rows affected by the most recent SQL statement. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr><td colspan="2"><div class="groupHeader">Properties</div></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ace45c650c6146570da0067a7329edc09" id="r_ace45c650c6146570da0067a7329edc09"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">int </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="#ace45c650c6146570da0067a7329edc09">PreparedStatement_getParameterCount</a> (<a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a> P)</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ace45c650c6146570da0067a7329edc09"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Gets the number of parameters in the prepared statement. <br /></td></tr>
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<h2 class="groupheader">Macro Definition Documentation</h2>
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<td class="memname">#define <a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a>   PreparedStatement_T</td>
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<h2 class="groupheader">Typedef Documentation</h2>
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<td class="memname">typedef struct PreparedStatement_S* <a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a></td>
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<h2 class="groupheader">Function Documentation</h2>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_setString()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void PreparedStatement_setString </td>
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<p>Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given string value. </p>
<p>This method is less efficient than <a class="el" href="#a05d27fb3138e041d4c79c3692d795164" title="Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given sized string value.">PreparedStatement_setSString()</a> as it needs to calculate the string length. Use <a class="el" href="#a05d27fb3138e041d4c79c3692d795164" title="Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given sized string value.">PreparedStatement_setSString()</a> if you know the size of the string.</p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">parameterIndex</td><td>The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ... </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">x</td><td>The string value to set. The string must be a '\0' terminated C-string. NULL is allowed to indicate a SQL NULL value. </td></tr>
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</dd>
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<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
<table class="exception">
<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database access error occurs or if parameter index is out of range </td></tr>
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</dd>
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<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd>
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<a class="el" href="#a05d27fb3138e041d4c79c3692d795164" title="Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given sized string value.">PreparedStatement_setSString</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a05d27fb3138e041d4c79c3692d795164">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_setSString()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void PreparedStatement_setSString </td>
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<p>Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given <code>sized</code> string value. </p>
<p>This method is more efficient than <a class="el" href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05" title="Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given string value.">PreparedStatement_setString()</a> as it doesn't need to calculate the string length.</p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">parameterIndex</td><td>The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ... </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">x</td><td>The string value to set. The string need not be '\0' terminated. NULL is allowed to indicate a SQL NULL value. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">size</td><td>The length of the byte string. For instance, the value returned by <code>strlen(3)</code>. If size is negative, it will be treated as 0. </td></tr>
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</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
<table class="exception">
<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database access error occurs or if parameter index is out of range </td></tr>
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</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd>
<dd>
<a class="el" href="#a618654d179459a9394828a4117f97d05" title="Sets the in parameter at index parameterIndex to the given string value.">PreparedStatement_setString</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a350056fea6744da297b674bfbe1ee94e">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_setInt()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void PreparedStatement_setInt </td>
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<p>Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given int value. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">parameterIndex</td><td>The first parameter is 1, the second is 2,.. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">x</td><td>The int value to set </td></tr>
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<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database access error occurs or if parameter index is out of range </td></tr>
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</dd>
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<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ac8e3eafb030f466356edc9bdffae841a">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_setLLong()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void PreparedStatement_setLLong </td>
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<p>Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given long long value. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">parameterIndex</td><td>The first parameter is 1, the second is 2,.. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">x</td><td>The long long value to set </td></tr>
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<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database access error occurs or if parameter index is out of range </td></tr>
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<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a023adeb93e4ff455d57a9a5be8d1e26f">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_setDouble()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void PreparedStatement_setDouble </td>
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<p>Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given double value. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">parameterIndex</td><td>The first parameter is 1, the second is 2,.. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">x</td><td>The double value to set </td></tr>
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</dd>
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<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database access error occurs or if parameter index is out of range </td></tr>
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<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ac19d3cb5e6ee2222c1320f9aee7547ff">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_setBlob()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void PreparedStatement_setBlob </td>
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<p>Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given blob value. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">parameterIndex</td><td>The first parameter is 1, the second is 2,.. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">x</td><td>The blob value to set. NULL is allowed to indicate a SQL NULL value </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">size</td><td>The number of bytes in the blob. If size is negative, it will be treated as 0. </td></tr>
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<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database access error occurs or if parameter index is out of range </td></tr>
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<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a3cf4d848d41a7901727bccac2b58d31c">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_setTimestamp()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void PreparedStatement_setTimestamp </td>
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<p>Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to the given Unix timestamp value. </p>
<p>The timestamp value given in <code>x</code> is expected to be a UTC timestamp, representing the number of seconds since the Unix epoch, regardless of the system's local timezone. For instance, a value returned by <code>time(3)</code> is appropriate for this parameter.</p>
<p>Note on database-specific behavior:</p><ul>
<li>SQLite: Stores the time_t value as a 64-bit integer. This preserves the exact UTC timestamp, which can be correctly interpreted in any timezone when retrieved.</li>
<li>MySQL, PostgreSQL and Oracle: Convert and store the timestamp in their respective datetime formats, preserving the UTC value.</li>
</ul>
<p>This approach ensures consistent timestamp handling across different timezones and database systems. When retrieving the timestamp, use appropriate time conversion functions to interpret the value in the desired timezone.</p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">parameterIndex</td><td>The first parameter is 1, the second is 2, ... </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">x</td><td>The UTC timestamp value to set. E.g., a value returned by time(3) </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
<table class="exception">
<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database access error occurs or if parameter index is out of range </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd>
<dd>
<a class="el" href="ResultSet_8h.html#a073df52b04dfbaaaf088baede0f770f5" title="Gets the designated column's value as a Unix timestamp.">ResultSet_getTimestamp</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#afaa4163d1a916f8943ccf722a83d5b20">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_setNull()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void PreparedStatement_setNull </td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a></td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em>P</em></span>, </td>
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<td class="paramtype">int</td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em>parameterIndex</em></span> )</td>
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<p>Sets the <em>in</em> parameter at index <code>parameterIndex</code> to SQL NULL. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">parameterIndex</td><td>The first parameter is 1, the second is 2,.. </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
<table class="exception">
<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database access error occurs or if parameter index is out of range </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
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<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a6f0eb01daec7f61bf92707b7de0a246f">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_execute()</h2>
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<td class="memname">void PreparedStatement_execute </td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a></td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em>P</em></span></td><td>)</td>
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<p>Executes the prepared SQL statement. </p>
<p>Executes the prepared SQL statement, which may be an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement or an SQL statement that returns nothing, such as an SQL DDL statement.</p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
<table class="exception">
<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database error occurs </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
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<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a3e33ed8289ac8b8b11438b009a169e63">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_executeQuery()</h2>
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<td class="memname">ResultSet_T PreparedStatement_executeQuery </td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a></td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em>P</em></span></td><td>)</td>
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<p>Executes the prepared SQL query. </p>
<p>Executes the prepared SQL statement, which returns a single ResultSet object. A ResultSet is valid until the next call to a PreparedStatement method or until the Connection is returned to the Connection Pool. <em>This means that Result Sets cannot be saved between queries</em>.</p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>A ResultSet object that contains the data produced by the prepared statement. </dd></dl>
<dl class="exception"><dt>Exceptions</dt><dd>
<table class="exception">
<tr><td class="paramname">SQLException</td><td>If a database error occurs </td></tr>
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</dd>
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<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><a class="el" href="ResultSet_8h.html" title="A ResultSet represents a database result set.">ResultSet.h</a> </dd>
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<a class="el" href="SQLException_8h.html" title="Signals that an SQL specific exception has occurred.">SQLException.h</a> </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aaaaec0e14c95b70b342dff0cf604cadd">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_rowsChanged()</h2>
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<td class="memname">long long PreparedStatement_rowsChanged </td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a></td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em>P</em></span></td><td>)</td>
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<p>Gets the number of rows affected by the most recent SQL statement. </p>
<p>If used with a transaction, this method should be called <em>before</em> commit is executed, otherwise 0 is returned.</p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
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</dd>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>The number of rows changed by the last (DIM) SQL statement </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ace45c650c6146570da0067a7329edc09">◆ </a></span>PreparedStatement_getParameterCount()</h2>
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<td class="memname">int PreparedStatement_getParameterCount </td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="Connection_8h.html#a8dc1b239f8e305fbd1406ff041c89151">T</a></td> <td class="paramname"><span class="paramname"><em>P</em></span></td><td>)</td>
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<p>Gets the number of parameters in the prepared statement. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">P</td><td>A PreparedStatement object </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>The number of <em>in</em> parameters in this prepared statement </dd></dl>
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