LifeLines Documentation

LifeLines Version 3.0.50

Thomas T. Wetmore , IV
     _____________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents
   1. Users' Manual

        1.1. INTRODUCTION
        1.2. INSTALLATION
        1.3. STARTING LIFELINES AND CREATING DATABASES
        1.4. INTRODUCTION TO GEDCOM
        1.5. MAIN MENU
        1.6. CODESET
        1.7. ENTERING THE FIRST PERSON
        1.8. SCREEN EDITORS AND ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
        1.9. BASICS OF BROWSING
        1.10. IDENTIFYING A PERSON OR LIST OF PERSONS TO BROWSE
        1.11. ZIP IDENTIFYING A NEW PERSON
        1.12. BROWSE DISPLAY BASICS
        1.13. PERSON BROWSE SCREEN
        1.14. LIST BROWSE SCREEN
        1.15. FAMILY BROWSE SCREEN
        1.16. TANDEM PERSON BROWSE MODE
        1.17. TANDEM FAMILY BROWSE MODE
        1.18. PEDIGREE BROWSE MODE
        1.19. SEARCH MENU

              1.19.1. Search Patterns

        1.20. ADD OPERATION
        1.21. DELETE OPERATION
        1.22. CODESET CONVERSION
        1.23. MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES
        1.24. IMPORT ERRORS
        1.25. HANDLING SOURCE, EVENT AND USER-DEFINED RECORDS
        1.26. FAMILY STRUCTURE AND MERGING PERSONS AND FAMILIES
        1.27. LINKING RECORDS TOGETHER AND USING THE REFN FEATURE
        1.28. System and User Properties

   List of Examples
   1-1. GEDCOM person record
   1-2. Example of NAME formats
   1-3. Example of searching on NAMEs
   1-4. Example family record
   1-5. Default person record template
   1-6. Example editing of template record
   1-7. Example of entering a name
   1-8. Example of using wildcard in browsing
   1-9. Example of using abbreviations
   1-10. Example of replacing the default person record template
   1-11. Example of replaced default person record template
   1-12. Example of replaced single line default person record
          template

   1-13. Example of bad NAME syntax (too many slashes in this case)
   1-14. Example of XREF XYZ being defined twice
   1-15. Example of person multiply defined
   1-16. Example of family record missing key
   1-17. Example of person record missing key
   1-18. Example of level number which is too high
   1-19. Example of lineage-linking line which is missing required
          value

   1-20. Example of a source record
   1-21. Example of referring events from a person record
   1-22. Example of adding a new person
     _____________________________________________________________

Chapter 1. Users' Manual

1.1. INTRODUCTION

   LifeLines is a genealogy program that runs on UNIX systems. It
   maintains genealogical records (persons, families, sources, events
   and others) in a database, and generates reports from those
   records. There are no practical limits on the number of records
   that can be stored in a LifeLines database, nor on the amounts or
   kinds of data that can be kept in the records. LifeLines does not
   contain built-in reports. Instead it provides a programming
   subsystem that you use to program your own reports and charts. The
   programming subsystem also lets you query your databases and
   process your data in any way. LifeLines uses the terminal
   independent features of UNIX to provide a screen and menu based
   user interface.

   LifeLines is a non-commercial, experimental system that is use at
   your own risk software. I developed LifeLines for personal use and
   shared it with friends. Enough of a demand arose through word of
   mouth and internet, that I have made the LifeLines source code and
   other information freely available under an MIT-style license
   reproduced below:

   " Copyright (c) 1991-1999 Thomas T. Wetmore IV Permission is
   hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
   this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
   to deal in the Software without restriction, including without
   limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
   distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
   permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject
   to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this
   permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial
   portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS",
   WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT
   NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
   PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
   AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
   OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
   OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE
   OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. "

   The source code, documentation and a collection of report scripts
   are located at http://lifelines.sourceforge.net/. You can also
   find binary kits for some platforms. If you are a developer and
   wish to contribute enhancements, please sign up on sourceforge and
   contact Marc Nozell who is currently managing the project.

   Note

   Prior to 1999, Lifelines was available on the ftp sites,
   ftp.cac.psu.edu and hoth.stsci.edu. Please use sourceforge
   instead.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.2. INSTALLATION

   You may be installing LifeLines from a source distribution package
   or as an executable program already prepared for your UNIX (or
   MS-Windows) system. The source distribution comes with the readme,
   build script and make files necessary to build LifeLines. Follow
   the instructions in the readme file. A number of executables are
   built which can be put it in a directory in your execution path.
   If you get the program in executable form, follow whatever
   instructions came with it.

   btedit
          a low-level editor for advanced debugging of broken
          LifeLines databases.

   dbverify
          a utility program to verify LifeLines databases.

   llexec
          a stripped down version of the LifeLines program, without
          the user interface for non-interactive processing of report
          programs

   llines
          the LifeLines program with full user interface

   The source distribution package also contains documentation and
   some LifeLines programs. Included with these in the reports
   directory is a brief overview of the reports in the file
   index.html.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.3. STARTING LIFELINES AND CREATING DATABASES

   You normally start LifeLines with the command: lines database
   where database is the name of a LifeLines database. If LifeLines
   finds the database, LifeLines opens the database and takes you to
   the program's main menu. If the database doesn't exist, LifeLines
   asks whether it should create it, and if you answer yes, does so.
   You may create any number of databases, but only one can be
   accessed by LifeLines at a time. If you built the LifeLines
   executable from the source package, the executable may be named
   llines rather than lines. You may either change its name or invoke
   LifeLines by using the command llines instead.

   The full command line interface to LifeLines is:
        lines [-acdfiklnortuwxzCFI][database]


   The following options are supported:

   -C Specify configuration file location (e.g.
   -C/home/bill/lifelines/.linesrc2 ) see the section on System and
   User Properties below
   -F Finnish option (only available if so compiled)
   -I Specify a user property (e.g. -ILLEDITOR=gvim)
   -a log dynamic memory operation (for debugging)
   -c supply cache values (eg, -ci400,4000f400,4000 sets direct indi
   & fam caches to 400, and indirect indi & fam caches to 4000)
   -d debug mode (signal protection disabled for convenience with
   breakpoints)
   -f force open the database - use only in emergency
   -i open database with immutable access (no protection against
   other access -- for use on read-only media)
   -k always show keys (normally keys are suppressed if REFN
   available)
   -l lock (-ly) or unlock (-ln) a database for use with read only
   media (access to a locked database is treated as immutable)
   -n do not use traditional family rules
   -o Specify program output filename (eg, -o/tmp/mytests)
   -r open database with read-only access (protect against other
   writer access)
   -t trace function calls in report programs (for debugging)
   -u specify window size (eg, -u120,34 specifies 120 columns by 34
   rows)
   -w open database with writeable access (protect against other
   writer or reader access)
   -x execute a single lifelines report program directly
   -z Use normal ASCII characters for drawing lines in user interface
   rather than the vt100 special characters.

   the -o option specifies the initial filename to use for output
   when running reports. It only applies to reports run with the -x
   option. This option has no effect on interactively run programs.

   The -r option opens the database with read-only access. When in
   this mode LifeLines will not let you modify the database; no other
   operations are affected. The -w option opens the database with
   writeable access. If the database cannot be opened with the
   requested mode LifeLines quits immediately. When you open a
   database with neither the -r or -w options, LifeLines first tries
   to open the database with writeable access; if not possible
   LifeLines then tries to open the database with read-only access;
   and if this is not possible LifeLines quits. A LifeLines database
   may be open simultaneously by any number of programs with
   read-only access; however, if a database is open by a program with
   writeable access, then it cannot be opened by any other other
   program.

   In rare situations the read/write mode mechanism can fail; when
   this happens a database may appear unopenable. If this happens use
   the -f option to force open the database; this will open the
   database and reset the mode mechanism. This is a dangerous
   feature; you can use it to open the same database with writeable
   access more than once; the results are unpredictable and generally
   disastrous.

   The multiuser protection supplied by this reader/writer access
   mechanism is provided via a flag setting in the database, so both
   read-only and writeable access actually alter the database
   (read-only access only alters the value of this flag). For truly
   read-only access, e.g., for use with read-only media, the best
   solution is to lock (-ly) the database before copying it to the
   read-only media. This annotates the database itself as being for
   immutable access. Alternatively, to use a database already on
   read-only media and not so annotated, use the immutable (-i) flag.

   By default lifelines supports a traditional family concept, that
   is, each family has at most one father and one mother. The -n flag
   relaxes this restriction. However, not all the code in lifelines
   supports these relaxations. For example, the default family browse
   screen will only display two parents, however by switching to one
   of the gedcom modes of displaying the family you can see all the
   data.

   If you don't give the name of a database on the command line,
   LifeLines will prompt you for it. If the name you supply is an
   absolute pathname or a relative pathname it is used as the path to
   the database. If you provided a simple filename and you use the
   LLDATABASES variable or user options (described later), LifeLines
   will search for the database in the directories named in the
   variable; this can be very convenient. If LLDATABASES is not set
   the filename you enter is looked for in the current working
   directory.

   If you would like to choose a database from a list of existing
   ones, enter a single question mark and press return when LifeLines
   prompts you for the database name. LifeLines will then display a
   list of all databases that it can find, and you may select one
   from the list.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.4. INTRODUCTION TO GEDCOM

   LifeLines records are stored in GEDCOM format; you organize, edit
   and maintain your data in this format. GEDCOM is a standard that
   defines a file format for moving genealogical data between
   computer systems. LifeLines has adopted this format for
   structuring the records in its databases. This approach provides a
   structured yet flexible method for storing all the data you wish
   to record. There are few restrictions on the format, amount or
   type of information you may store in a LifeLines database.

   GEDCOM is defined at two levels. At the syntactic level GEDCOM is
   a simple set of rules for organizing and structuring data into
   records, with no concern about the types of records, types or
   formats of information in the records, or the relationships
   between records. At the semantic level GEDCOM adds an additional
   set of rules that specify what record types are allowed, how
   records must be structured, how data within the records must be
   identified and formatted, and what specific relationships between
   the record types are allowed. In principle there can be multiple
   semantic versions of GEDCOM, though in practice there is only one,
   lineage-linked GEDCOM. Unfortunately this semantic version of
   GEDCOM is poorly defined, and every genealogical system has
   interpreted it in different ways.

   LifeLines uses GEDCOM primarily at the syntactic level, though it
   does impose a few of the generally accepted lineage-linked
   semantic restrictions. This means some important things. It means
   that you can store all your genealogical data in your LifeLines
   database, and that you have wide freedom in how you choose your
   own conventions for structuring and formatting your data. But it
   also means that the way you store data in your databases can be
   different from the way that someone else stores their data. This
   can be a problem if you share data with others or share report
   programs with other LifeLines users. My recommendation is to use
   GEDCOM lineage-linking conventions wherever possible.

   LifeLines does not use forms or screens to guide you through
   entering or changing data. Instead you use a screen editor and
   directly edit the data records. This requires you to understand
   the GEDCOM format, and be able to edit data in GEDCOM format,
   before you can use LifeLines. The GEDCOM format is quite simple;
   this introduction will provide all you need to know about GEDCOM
   in order to use LifeLines.

   Here is an example GEDCOM person record:

   Example 1-1. GEDCOM person record 
  0 @I25@ INDI
  1 NAME Thomas Trask /Wetmore/ Sr
  1 SEX M
  1 BIRT
    2 DATE 13 March 1866
    2 PLAC St. Mary's Bay, Digby, Nova Scotia
    2 SOUR Social Security application
  1 NATU
    2 NAME Thomas T. Wetmore
    2 DATE 26 October 1888
    2 PLAC Norwich, New London, Connecticut
    2 AGE 22 years
    2 COUR New London County Court of Common Pleas
    2 SOUR court record from National Archives
  1 OCCU Antiques Dealer
  1 DEAT
    2 NAME Thomas Trask Wetmore
    2 DATE 17 February 1947
    2 PLAC New London, New London, Connecticut
    2 AGE 80 years, 11 months, 4 days
    2 CAUS Heart Attack
    2 SOUR New London Death Records
  1 FAMC @F11@
  1 FAMS @F6@
  1 FAMS @F12@

   A GEDCOM record is made up of lines. Each line has a level number
   and a tag, and most lines have a value following the tag. The
   first line in every record has a cross-reference index between the
   level number and the tag.

   Level numbers allow data to be structured to any degree of detail;
   lines with higher level numbers expand on lines with lower
   numbers. Each record begins at level 0, and each deeper level
   increments the level by one. LifeLines does not restrict the
   structuring depth. Tags are uppercase (by convention) code words
   that specify the kind of information on the line or on the higher
   numbered lines that follow. The information after the tag, if any,
   is the value of the line.

   The first line in a record indicates its type. There are four
   fixed record types in LifeLines databases: person, family, source
   and event. The first, 0 level line in these records have tags
   INDI, FAM, SOUR and EVEN, respectively. Besides these record
   types, you may create your own record types by using any other tag
   on the 0 level line of a record. The lines that begin records are
   the only level 0 lines used in LifeLines. Each level 0 line has a
   cross-reference index between the level number and the tag. This
   index is the record's internal reference key; other records may
   refer to this record by using this index. Cross-reference indexes
   are bracketed by @ characters.

   The first line in the example record has the INDI tag, identifying
   it as a person. The cross-reference index value, I25, can be used
   by other records to refer to this record.

   The second line in the example has the person's name. Each person
   record in a LifeLines database must have at least one 1 NAME line,
   and its value must be in GEDCOM name format. This format allows
   names to be as long as needed, but the surname, which may be
   placed anywhere in the name, must be separated from the rest of
   the name by one or two slashes. For example:

   Example 1-2. Example of NAME formats 
1 NAME John/Smith
1 NAME John /Smith/
1 NAME John/Smith/Jr.

   The second slash is required only if name elements follow the
   surname. White space is optional before the first slash and after
   the second. If you don't know a person's surname, or the person
   doesn't have a surname, you may use / or // or no slashes at all.
   For example:

   Example 1-3. Example of searching on NAMEs 
1 NAME Mary//
1 NAME Mary/
1 NAME Mary

   are all ways to enter a person named Mary with no known surname. A
   person may have any number, including zero, given names and/or
   initials. A LifeLines person record may have any number of 1 NAME
   lines, though the person will be displayed with the first name
   value only. Persons are indexed under all their names, however, so
   you will be able to search for persons by any of their names.

   The next line in the example gives the person's sex. LifeLines
   doesn't require a 1 SEX line, but you should include it. The value
   of the line should be M or F if the sex is known; it can be left
   blank or set to U or ?, say, if not known. A person must have a 1
   SEX line with a value of either M or F before he or she can be
   made a spouse or parent in a family.

   The example record also contains three events: birth,
   naturalization, and death. An event begins with a level 1 line
   whose tag indicates the event type. For example, BIRT is the tag
   for a birth event.

   Events usually have at least a 2 DATE and a 2 PLAC line and often
   a 2 SOUR line. The DATE and PLAC lines give the date and place of
   the event. The value of a LifeLines DATE line is free format,
   though LifeLines will try to parse it for specific day, month and
   year information. The value of a PLAC line is usually a
   comma-separated list of geopolitical units, starting with the most
   specific, ending with the most general. The SOUR line indicates
   the source of information about the event. The SOUR line can be
   the root of a full description of the source, or the value of the
   SOUR line can be a cross-reference key that refers to the source
   record that describes the source.

   The naturalization event (with tag NATU) shows a few other lines.
   The 2 NAME line gives the person's name as recorded in the source
   (only 1 NAME lines must follow GEDCOM format). The 2 AGE line
   gives the person's age at the time of the event. The 2 COUR line
   indicates the court where naturalization occurred.

   The final event is a death event (tag DEAT). The 2 CAUS line gives
   the cause of death.

   At the end of the record are three lines that refer to family
   records. A 1 FAMC line refers to a family record that the person
   belongs to as a child; its value is the cross-reference index
   value of that family. A 1 FAMS line refers to a family record that
   the person belongs to as a spouse or parent.

   When using LifeLines to edit a person, you will not be able to
   edit the cross reference values on the 0 INDI, 1 FAMC or 1 FAMS
   lines; these are maintained by LifeLines.

   Here is an example family record:

   Example 1-4. Example family record 
  0 @F6@ FAM
  1 HUSB @I25@
  1 WIFE @I26@
  1 MARR
    2 DATE 31 March 1891
    2 PLAC New London, New London, Connecticut
    2 SOUR New London Vital Records
  1 CHIL @I27@
  1 CHIL @I17@

   The 0 FAM line assigns the family the cross-reference index of F6.
   The record contains 1 HUSB and 1 WIFE lines that refer to the two
   spouses/parents. The record also holds a marriage event (tag MARR)
   and two 1 CHIL lines that refer to two children in the family.
   When editing family records, you cannot edit the 0 FAM, 1 HUSB, 1
   WIFE, or 1 CHIL lines; these are maintained by LifeLines.

   When you create new records for your database, you are free to
   invent tags and structure your data in any way you see fit.
   However, it is good practice to use standard GEDCOM tags and value
   formats. LifeLines does enforce a small set of conventions that
   you must obey. Within person records, LifeLines requires that you
   use 1 NAME and 1 SEX lines with their special meanings and value
   formats. Though not required, LifeLines assumes that you will use
   1 BIRT, 1 DEAT, 1 CHR, and 1 BURI lines for birth, death, baptism
   and burial events, respectively. In family records, LifeLines
   assumes you will use the 1 MARR event for marriage events. Within
   person records, you are not allowed to use 0 INDI, 1 FAMC or 1
   FAMS lines, since these are used to maintain linkage information.
   Within family records, you are not allowed to use 0 FAM, 1 HUSB, 1
   WIFE or 1 CHIL lines.

   The indentation shown in the examples is not part of GEDCOM
   format. When LifeLines prepares records for you to edit, however,
   it always indents the records, making them easier to read and
   understand. You do not need to follow this indentation scheme when
   you edit the records. Indentation is removed from the data before
   it is stored in the database.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.5. MAIN MENU

   After LifeLines opens an existing database, or creates a new one,
   it presents you with the main menu:
Please choose an operation:
   b Browse the persons in the database
   s Search database
   a Add information to the database
   d Delete information from the database
   p Pick a report from list and run
   r Generate report by entering report name
   t Modify character translation tables
   u Miscellaneous utilities
   x Handle source, event and other records
   Q Quit current database
   q Quit program

   Select an operation by striking the proper selection letter.

   The browse operation lets you browse the database and perform many
   operations on the data. The search operation provides some simple
   wildcard search capabilities, which lead into browsing particular
   records. The add operation lets you add new information, and the
   delete operation removes information. The report operations read
   report programs and generates output reports. The modify character
   translation tables operation changes the translation tables. The
   miscellaneous utilities operation provides such things as backup
   and restore. The handle source, event and other records operation
   gives you access to these three record types. The quit operation
   closes the database and returns to UNIX.

   The browse operation deserves special mention, because it provides
   a rich environment for searching, viewing, adding, modifying,
   merging and deleting information in the database. You will find
   that you operate from the browsing modes most of the time. The
   operations are all described in later sections.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.6. CODESET

   After you have created a new database, and before you actually add
   any data to it, is the time to set the codeset to be used in the
   database.

   The codeset (or character encoding, to use precise Unicode
   terminology) is the decision as to how letters will be represented
   by the computer. If you have only ever used English letters in
   computing, you may not have had to encounter this issue, because
   as it happens, the English letters (a-z and A-Z) are stored
   numerically in the same fashion in almost all codesets used by
   computers. However, in the field of genealogy, you are especially
   likely to meet letters outside of the English alphabet (for
   example, accented vowels).

   You have fundamentally three choices as to what codeset to use in
   your database, listed below from easiest to most powerful.

   First, you may leave it entirely unspecified. This will give the
   traditional lifelines behavior. This is really only suitable if
   either (a), you only use English (ASCII) data, or (b), you work in
   an environment which entirely uses the same 8-bit codeset (eg, a
   GNU/Linux box which is all ISO-8859-15), and you only run
   lifelines in English. If you use any non-English data on
   MS-Windows, this is not likely to be suitable, because the
   lifelines screens run in the console, but you are likely to use
   MS-Windows applications either for editing or for viewing output,
   and the MS-Windows console uses a different codeset from
   MS-Windows applications. Also, if you use lifelines in a different
   language than English, this may not be suitable, because the
   gettext message catalogs (for non-English interface) will not be
   converted into your codeset.

   Second, you may specify a particular 8-bit codeset. Assuming that
   you have iconv and gettext installed (or you are using the
   MS-Windows version, which comes with these), you may specify any
   8-bit codeset supported by iconv, and iconv supports quite many. A
   natural choice for Western European languages would be ISO-8859-1,
   or (for MS-Windows only) CP-1252. With this option, gettext
   language files will be converted to your codeset.

   Third, you may specify the use of UTF-8. This is a Unicode
   encoding, and is by far the most powerful option. In fact, this is
   the only really convenient way to be able to store, for example,
   names in English, names in Russian, and names in Greek, all in the
   same database, in their native scripts (alphabets). In recent
   versions, lifelines has become more knowledgeable about handling
   UTF-8, so that, for example, upper & lower casing only work
   correctly with versions from 3.0.28 on.

   To actually specify a codeset, enter it via the u(tility)
   o(ptions) page (which is documented below). From the main menu, in
   the English version, press u to reach the utility page, and then o
   to edit the user options. To set a codeset of, e.g., ISO-8859-1,
   enter this string on its own line, without the surrounding quotes:
   "codeset=ISO-8859-1". Or, to specify the use of UTF-8,
   "codeset=UTF-8".

   Further information about codeset conversion is found in the later
   chapter of that name (for example, information about producing
   reports which make use of HTML entity names for non-ASCII
   characters).
     _____________________________________________________________

1.7. ENTERING THE FIRST PERSON

   Note: Before you add the first person to your database, you
   specify internal codeset (review the Codeset chapter for
   information).

   Normally you add persons to the database from the browsing modes,
   but when entering the first person there is no one in the database
   to browse to. To add the first person to a LifeLines database,
   first select the add operation from the main menu. You will be
   prompted with the add menu (described later). Strike p to add a
   person. LifeLines creates a template of a GEDCOM person record,
   and puts you in a screen editor to edit the template. The default
   template is:

   Example 1-5. Default person record template 
  0 INDI
  1 NAME Fname /Surname/
  1 SEX MF
  1 BIRT
    2 DATE
    2 PLAC
    2 SOUR
  1 DEAT
    2 DATE
    2 PLAC
    2 SOUR

   Edit the template to create the new person's record. Change the
   name to the person's name. Assign the person's sex by deleting
   either M or F. Fill out the birth and death events as best you
   can. If the person is alive, remove the death event. Remove any
   DATE and PLAC lines you do not have the information for.

   The default template provides lines for one birth and one death
   event. You can expand the record with other events (even more
   birth or death events) and lines. Indentation makes it easier to
   read and edit the record, but isn't necessary. You may change the
   default edit template by defining the user option INDIREC
   (described later).

   Here is how I might edit the template when creating a record about
   myself:

   Example 1-6. Example editing of template record 
  0 INDI
  1 NAME Thomas Trask /Wetmore/ IV
  1 SEX M
  1 BIRT
    2 DATE 18 December 1949
    2 PLAC New London, New London, Connecticut
    2 SOUR Birth Certificate
  1 OCCU Software Engineer
  1 RESI
    2 DATE 1982 to 1995
    2 PLAC Newburyport, Essex, Massachusetts
    2 ADDR 2 Barton Street, Newburyport, MA 01950

... lots of other events and facts

   When you edit a person record, don't add or modify INDI, FAMC or
   FAMS lines. LifeLines creates and maintains these lines through
   specific user commands.

   When you finish editing and leave the editor, you automatically
   return to LifeLines. If you made an error (eg, didn't use proper
   level numbers or didn't follow the proper name convention),
   LifeLines displays an error message, and asks if you want to
   re-edit the record. If you don't, LifeLines doesn't add the person
   to the database.

   When the record is in proper format, LifeLines asks if you are
   sure you want to add the person to the database. If you answer
   yes, the person is added; if you answer no, the person isn't. In
   both cases LifeLines returns to the main menu.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.8. SCREEN EDITORS AND ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

   With LifeLines you maintain the database records using a screen
   editor. This is different than other genealogical programs where
   screens or forms are used to gather the data.The default screen
   editor for LifeLines is vi. (The MS-Windows version defaults
   instead to notepad.exe.) This can be overridden by the ED, EDITOR
   or LLEDITOR environment variables. For example, if you prefer the
   emacs screen editor, and if you use a bourne-compatible shell, you
   may add the line: ED=emacs
   to your login profile file, and LifeLines will use emacs for
   editing.

   There are four other, LifeLines specific environment variables.
   They are LLDATABASES, LLARCHIVES, LLPROGRAMS and LLREPORTS.
   LLDATABASES and LLPROGRAMS are UNIX path list variables.

   There is also a configuration file, and entries in it may be used
   in lieu of environment variables. It is ordinarily named .linesrc
   under UNIX, and lines.cfg under MS-Windows. A sample configuration
   file should have been included in the distribution.

   See the section on System and User properties for more details.

   LLDATABASES can be set to a list of directories that hold
   LifeLines databases. When you execute the LifeLines program, these
   directories will be searched in turn for the database mentioned on
   the command line. For example,
   LLDATABASES=.:/home/ttw4/LifeLines/Databases
   indicates that databases should be searched for in the current
   directory first, and if not found there, then searched for in:
   /home/ttw4/LifeLines/Databases

   Each LifeLines database is implemented as a directory with
   specific contents. The LLDATABASES variable should be set to a
   list of directories that contain these database directories, not
   to a list of database directories themselves.

   The environment variable LLPROGRAMS is used in the same way, but
   to specify the search path for LifeLines report generating and
   other programs (described later).

   LLARCHIVES and LLREPORTS can each be set to specify a single
   directory. LLARCHIVES is used to select a directory where all
   database backup files will be stored, and LLREPORTS is used to
   select a directory where all generated reports and program outputs
   will be placed.

   New databases without explicit paths will be created in the first
   directory listed in the LLDATABASES path. (This is a change;
   versions from 3.0.6 to 3.0.31 used a now obsolete variable
   LLNEWDBDIR).

   You are not required to use these environment variables; when a
   variable is not defined, LifeLines uses the current directory as
   its default value. If you do use the variables, you can override
   their use by specifying files and directories as either absolute
   or relative paths.

   You may use the configuration file in lieu of environment
   variables. This is especially oriented towards users on MS-Windows
   systems, on which environment variables are not as common a
   configuration technique.

   LifeLines uses the curses library for terminal independent I/O.
   This requires you to specify your terminal type with the TERM
   environment variable. (This is not relevant in the MS-Windows
   version.)
     _____________________________________________________________

1.9. BASICS OF BROWSING

   You will use the browsing screens of LifeLines most of the time.
   When in these modes you can quickly search for or browse through
   the persons and families in the database. When you find a person
   or family you are interested in, you can then edit their records.

   The browsing screens also allow you to add new persons and
   families to the database, add spouses to families, add children to
   families, swap the order of spouses and children, merge persons
   and merge families, and perform other operations. The browsing
   screens also lets you remove spouses from families and remove
   children from families.

   There are six browsing screens. The person and family screens
   concentrate on a single person and family, respectively. The list
   screen allows you to browse through a list of persons. The two
   person browse screen shows two persons at once, and the two family
   browse screen shows two families at once. The auxiliary screen is
   used browsing any other type of records (e.g., events, sources,
   notes).

   Each browsing screen has multiple view modes. The view mode
   affects how the information is displayed on the screen, but does
   not affect the menu choices available at the bottom of the screen.
   Menu commands are available on each screen to change amongst the
   view modes available for that screen.

   The person screen has the most view modes. It has normal mode,
   which shows a summary of the vital records of the person. It (like
   all other screens) has GEDCOM mode, which shows the actual GEDCOM
   data of the record, and also expanded GEDCOM mode, which shows the
   actual GEDCOM data, but augments it with information on each line
   that contains a cross-reference (GEDCOM xref). It has two pedigree
   or tree modes, one showing an ancestral tree and one showing a
   descendant tree. The depth of the pedigree trees shown may be
   adjusted via menu commands.

   The two person browse screen has the same modes as the person
   screen.

   The two family browse screen and tandem family screen alike have
   normal mode (showing a summary of vitals), GEDCOM mode, and
   expanded GEDCOM mode.

   The auxiliary screen has only GEDCOM mode and expanded GEDCOM
   mode. (The list screen has no view modes at present).
     _____________________________________________________________

1.10. IDENTIFYING A PERSON OR LIST OF PERSONS TO BROWSE

   To enter the browsing modes from the main menu strike b. LifeLines
   asks you to identify a person or list of persons to browse to:
Please identify person or persons to browse to.
Enter name, key, refn or list:

   Enter either a name or partial name, or an internal key value, or
   a user-defined reference key (described later) or the name of a
   previously defined list of persons (described later), and strike
   return.

   LifeLines allows wide flexibility in how to enter names. You may
   enter a name in upper or lower case or any combination. You may
   leave out all but the first given name, and, for given names, you
   may leave out any letters except the first. You may leave vowels
   out of the surname, and after four or five consonants have been
   typed, you may leave them out too. You must separate the given
   names from the surname by a slash, and if you enter given names
   after the surname (as in Chinese names), or any modifiers (such as
   Jr, Sr, IV, etc.), they must be separated from the surname by
   another slash. Here are a few of the ways I can enter my name:

   Example 1-7. Example of entering a name 

   Thomas Trask /Wetmore/ IV
   thomas/wetmore/iv
   t t/wetmr/i
   th tr/Wetmore
   t/wtmr/iv

   You may browse to the list of all persons with the same surname by
   using the * character as the first initial. For example:

   Example 1-8. Example of using wildcard in browsing 

   */wetmore
   matches all persons with surname Wetmore. This is the only
   wildcard feature supported in browsing. (However, the search
   operation provides some simple wildcards for finding individual
   name fragments, or searching by user-defined reference keys. The
   search operation is accessed via a different choice off of the
   main menu.)

   After you enter a name, LifeLines searches for all persons who
   match. There are three possibilities: no one matches; one person
   matches; or more than one person matches. In the first case
   LifeLines writes:
There is no one in the database with that name or key.

   and leaves you in the main menu.

   If one person matches, LifeLines enters the person browse mode
   displaying the matched person. If more than one person matches,
   LifeLines enters the list browsing mode with the list of matching
   persons.

   You may also identify a person by entering his or her internal,
   cross-reference key value. The internal key values of all person
   records are an I followed by digits. When you enter a key value
   you may omit the I. If LifeLines finds a person with the key value
   you provide, LifeLines enters the person browsing mode displaying
   that person. You can also browse to a Family, Source, or Note by
   entering it's key, but you must include the letter identifing the
   key type, thus F11, S1, or N3 would browse to the family, source
   or note corresponding to the key if it exists.

   The browse command b is also available from most browsing modes.
   The command works the same way from those modes as it does from
   the main menu.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.11. ZIP IDENTIFYING A NEW PERSON

   Some LifeLines operations need you to identify a person, not for
   the purpose of browsing, but for the purpose of completing an
   operation you have requested. For example, when you add a child to
   a family, LifeLines may ask you to identify the child. When this
   happens a panel pops up that asks you to identify a person. You
   respond by typing a name or key exactly as you would for the b
   command. If no one matches, LifeLines returns to the previous
   browsing mode. If the name matches persons in the database
   LifeLines displays something like:
Please choose from among these records.
  >Thomas Trask Wetmore, b. 1826, N.B. (42)
   Thomas Trask Wetmore IV, b. 1949, Conn. (1)
   Thomas Trask Wetmore III, b. 1925, Conn. (6)
   Thomas Trask Wetmore Jr, b. 1896, Conn. (11)
   Thomas Trask Wetmore Sr, b. 1866, N.S. (23)
   Thomas Trask Wetmore V, b. 1982, Mass. (5)
_______________________________________________
Commands: j Move down k Move up i Select q Quit

   Use the j and k commands to move the selection cursor (>) to the
   correct person, and then use the i command to select that person.
   There may be more persons in the list than you can see at once. If
   this is so then you can use the j and k commands to scroll through
   the full list. If you don't find the proper person, use the q
   command and LifeLines asks whether you want to enter another name.

   With version 3.0.15, lists may also be navigated with the up and
   down arrows, PageUp and PageDown keys, Home and End keys, and the
   Enter key. Shift-PageUp and Shift-PageDown move more than one page
   at a time in a given direction. The keyboard equivalents are
   j=UpArrow, k=DownArrow, u=PageUp, d=PageDown, ^=Home, $=End,
   U=Shift-PageUp, D=Shift-PageDown, i=Enter.

   When LifeLines creates a list of names for you to select from, it
   tries to add extra information to the name; this helps determine
   which name to choose, and is important in databases where many
   persons have the same name. LifeLines also places the person's key
   value at the end of each menu line; this may be helpful in large
   databases.

   Some browse screens provide the z command, which allows you to
   browse to a new person using the zip style of identification
   rather than the b style.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.12. BROWSE DISPLAY BASICS

   The screen display for each browsing screen is made up of panels.
   At the bottom of each display is a message panel used for one line
   messages. Each display contains one or two data panels showing
   information from the database. And each display has a panel with
   the operation menu available for that screen.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.13. PERSON BROWSE SCREEN

   After you identify a person to browse to, LifeLines enters the
   person browse screen. The top panel in the display gives basic
   information about the person (in the normal, or vitals, mode,
   which is the default). The middle panel provides a menu of
   commands. For example:
person: Thomas Trask WETMORE Sr (25)
  born: 13 March 1866, St. Mary's Bay, Digby, Nova Scotia
  died: 17 February 1947, New London, New London, Connecticut
  father: Daniel Lorenzo WETMORE, b. 1821, N.S., d. 1903, Conn. (48)
  mother: Mary Ann DOTY, b. 1824, N.S., d. 1897, Conn. (59)
  spouse: Margaret Ellen KANEEN, b. 1855, Eng., d. 1900, Conn. (26)
    child: Portia Louise WETMORE, b. 1892, Conn., d. 1921, Conn. (27)
    child: Thomas Trask WETMORE, b. 1896, Conn., d. 1970, Conn. (17)
  spouse: Arleen M KEENEY, m. 1914, Conn. (75)
_______________________________________________________________________
Please choose an operation:             (pg 1/3)
  e  Edit the person       g  Browse to family    p  Pedigree mode
  f  Browse to father      u  Browse to parents   n  Create new person
  m  Browse to mother      b  Browse to persons   a  Create new family
  s  Browse to spouse/s    h  Add as spouse       x  Swap two families
  c  Browse to children    i  Add as child        tt Enter tandem mode
  o  Browse to older sib   r  Remove as spouse    ?  Other menu choices
  y  Browse to younger sib d  Remove as child     q  Return to main menu
_______________________________________________________________________
LifeLines -- Person Browse Screen

   The commands perform a wide variety of functions.

   e Edit the person. 
          Edit the person's database record. LifeLines puts the
          record in a file, and then runs a screen editor so you can
          edit the record. When you return from the editor, LifeLines
          asks you to confirm any changes; the person is changed only
          if you answer yes.

   f Browse to father.
          Browse to the person's father. If the father isn't in the
          database, LifeLines doesn't change the display. If there
          are more than one father, LifeLines asks you to select one.

   m Browse to mother.
          Browse to the person's mother. If the mother isn't in the
          database, LifeLines doesn't change the display. If there
          are more than one mother, LifeLines asks you to select one.

   s Browse to spouse/s.
          Browse to the person's spouse. If the person has more than
          one spouse, LifeLines asks you to select one. If the person
          has no spouse, the display does not change.

   c Browse to children.
          Browse to one of the person's children. If there is more
          than one child, LifeLines asks you to select one. If the
          person has no children, the display does not change.

   o Browse to older sib.
          Browse to the person's next older sibling. If the person
          has no such sibling, the display does not change. Only
          siblings from the same family are browsed by this command.

   y Browse to younger sib.
          Browse to the person's next younger sibling. If the person
          has no such sibling, the display does not change. Only
          siblings from the same family are browsed by this command.

   g Browse to family.
          Browse to the family the person is a spouse or parent in,
          and switch to the family browse mode. If the person is in
          more than one family, LifeLines asks you to identify which
          one. If the person is not a spouse or parent in any family,
          the display does not change.

   u Browse to parents.
          Browse to the family the person is a child in, and switch
          to the family browse mode. If the person is not a child in
          a family, the display does not change. If the person is a
          child in more than one family, LifeLines asks you to
          identify which one.

   b Browse to persons.
          Browse to a new person or list of persons. LifeLines asks
          you to identify a person or persons by name, key or list
          name, and depending on how many persons are identified,
          switches either to the list browse mode, or remains in the
          person browse mode.

   h Add as spouse.
          Add the person as a spouse/parent to an existing family.
          LifeLines asks you to identify the family, and then asks
          you to confirm the request.

   i Add as child.
          Add the person as a child to an existing family. The person
          may already be a child in another family. LifeLines asks
          you to identify the family, and then asks you to confirm
          the request.

   r Remove as spouse.
          Remove the person as a spouse or parent from an existing
          family. If the person is a spouse or parent in more than
          one family, LifeLines asks you to identify the family.

   d Remove as child.
          Remove the person as a child in an existing family.

   n Create new person.
          Create and add a new person to the database. LifeLines
          creates a record template and puts you into the screen
          editor to edit the record. When you return from the editor,
          LifeLines asks you to confirm the operation. If you do, the
          new person is added and becomes the current person. If not,
          the new person is not added, and LifeLines returns to the
          original display.

   a Create new family.
          Create and add a new family to the database. The new family
          may have the current person as either a spouse/parent or as
          a child; LifeLines asks which. If you choose to create a
          family with the person as a spouse/parent, LifeLines asks
          you to identify the other spouse if he or she is known. In
          either case LifeLines creates a family template, and places
          you in the screen editor. When you return from the editor,
          LifeLines asks you to confirm the operation. If you do,
          LifeLines adds the family and shifts into family browse
          mode. If the command you ran just before the a command were
          the n command, and you choose to create a family with the
          person as a spouse/parent, LifeLines guesses that the other
          spouse in the family will be the person displayed just
          before the new person was created. LifeLines asks you if
          this is the case, and if so, automatically make that person
          the other spouse in the new family. If this is not the
          case, LifeLines asks you to identify the other spouse.

   p Pedigree mode.
          Change to pedigree browse mode. The person becomes the root
          person in the pedigree display.

   x Swap two families.
          Swap (change chronological order) any two families that the
          person belongs to as a spouse or parent. LifeLines asks you
          to identify the two families and then swaps them.

   tt Enter tandem mode.
          Change to the tandem person browse mode. LifeLines first
          asks you to identify the second person.

   ? Other menu choices.
          Go to the next page of menu choices. This will have no
          effect on the upper (data) portion of the screen, but it
          allows you to page through all available commands for this
          display screen.

   q Return to main menu.
          Return to the LifeLines main menu.

   z Zip browse to person.
          Zip browse to a new person. LifeLines asks you to identify
          a person by name or key value, and if you do so, browses to
          that person.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.14. LIST BROWSE SCREEN

   This browse screen handles lists of persons. The top panel shows
   information about one person in the list. The left panel shows a
   list of up to 12 persons. The person shown in the top panel is
   identified by the > character. The right panel is the menu of
   available commands.
person: Thomas Trask WETMORE Sr (25)
  born: 13 March 1866, St. Mary's Bay, Digby, Nova Scotia
  died: 17 February 1947, New London, New London, Connecticut
  father: Daniel Lorenzo WETMORE, b. 1821, N.S., d. 1903, Conn. (48)
  mother: Mary Ann DOTY, b. 1824, N.S., d. 1897, Conn. (59)
  spouse: Margaret Ellen KANEEN, b. 1855, Eng., d. 1900, Conn. (26)
_______________________________________________________________________
  Thomas Trask WETMORE (42)                Choose an operation:
  Thomas Trask WETMORE III (6)              j Move down list
  Thomas Trask WETMORE IV (1)               k Move up list
  Thomas Trask WETMORE (11)                 e Edit this person
 >Thomas Trask WETMORE Sr (23)              i Browse this person
  Thomas Trask WETMORE (5)                  m Mark this person
                                            r Remove from list
                                            t Enter tandem mode
                                            n Name this list
                                            b Browse new persons
                                            a Add to this list
                                            x Swap mark/current
                                            q Return to main menu
_______________________________________________________________________
LifeLines -- List Browse Screen

   j Move down list.
          Move down the list one person. The list panel is only large
          enough to show 12 persons. However, the list may contain
          many more persons. Use the j and k commands to scroll to
          these other persons.

   k Move up list.
          Move up the list one person. The list panel is only large
          enough to show 12 persons. However, the list may contain
          many more persons. Use the j and k commands to scroll to
          these other persons.

          With version 3.0.15, lists may also be navigated with the
          up and down arrows, PageUp and PageDown keys, Home and End
          keys, and the Enter key. Shift-PageUp and Shift-PageDown
          move more than one page at a time in a given direction. The
          keyboard equivalents are j=UpArrow, k=DownArrow, u=PageUp,
          d=PageDown, ^=Home, $=End, U=Shift-PageUp,
          D=Shift-PageDown, i=Enter.

   e Edit this person.
          Edit the displayed person's database record. LifeLines runs
          the editor on the person's record. When you return from the
          editor, LifeLines asks you to confirm any changes, and then
          leaves you in the list browse screen.

   i Browse this person.
          Change to the person browse screen with the current person.

   m Mark this person.
          Mark the current person if he/she is not marked; unmark the
          person is he/she is. The marked person is shown with an x
          by his/her name. Marked persons are used by the t and x
          commands. Only one person may be marked at a time.

   r Remove from list.
          Remove the current person from the browse list (not from
          the database).

   t Enter tandem mode.
          Change to the tandem person mode with the current person
          and the marked person as the two persons. If no person is
          marked there is no change.

   n Name this list.
          Lists of persons may be named, allowing you to quickly
          browse back to them by giving a list name in response to
          the b command from different modes. LifeLines will prompt
          you for the name. List names are most convenient when
          short.

   b Browse new persons.
          Browse to a new person or list of persons. You can identify
          a person or list of persons by name, internal or user key
          or by list name.

   a Add to this list.
          Add more persons to the current browse list. LifeLines asks
          you to identify a new person or list of persons by name,
          key or list name, and they are added to and name-sorted
          into the current list.

   x Swap mark/current.
          Swap the current person with the marked person in the list.

   q Return to main menu.
          Return to the LifeLines main menu.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.15. FAMILY BROWSE SCREEN

   This browse screen displays information about a family. The top
   panel shows basic information about the family. The bottom panel
   shows the menu of available commands. If the database contains
   more than two parents for this family only the first two are
   displayed.
father: Thomas Trask WETMORE IV (1)
  born: 18 December 1949, New London, New London, Connecticut
  died:
mother: Luann Frances GRENDA (2)
  born: 10 July 1949, Pittsburgh, Allegheny, Pennsylvania
  died:
married: 1 August 1970, Governors Island, New York, New York
  child: Anna Vivian Wetmore, b. 1974, Alaska (3)
  child: Marie Margaret WETMORE, b. 1979, Conn. (4)
  child: Thomas Trask WETMORE V, b. 1982, Mass. (5)
_______________________________________________________________________
Please choose an operation:            (pg 1/4)
 e  Edit the family       %s  Add source           r  Remove spouse from
 f  Browse to father      %e  Add event            d  Remove child from
 m  Browse to mother      %o  Add other            x  Swap two children
 c  Browse to children    s  Add spouse to family  ?  Other menu choices
 n  Create new person     a  Add child to family   q  Return to main menu
_______________________________________________________________________
LifeLines -- Family Browse Screen (* toggles menu)

   e Edit the family.
          Edit the family's record. LifeLines writes the record to a
          file and puts you into an editor to edit the file. When you
          return from the editor, LifeLines asks you to confirm the
          update; the family is changed only if you do so.

   f Browse to father.
          Browse to the father/husband of the family, switching to
          person browse screen. If the father is not there, there is
          no change.

   mBrowse to mother. 
          Browse to the mother/wife of the family, switching to
          person browse screen. If the mother is not there, there is
          no change.

   c Browse to children.
          Browse to a child in the family, switching to the person
          browse screen. If the family has more than one child,
          LifeLines asks you to identify a specific child.

   n Create new person.
          Create and add a new person to the database. LifeLines
          creates a record template and puts you into the screen
          editor to edit the record. When you return from the editor,
          LifeLines asks you to confirm the operation. If you do, the
          new person is added to the database. If not, the new person
          is not added. In both cases the display does not change.

   s Add spouse to family.
          Add a spouse to the family. LifeLines asks you to identify
          the new spouse. If the command you ran just before the s
          command were the n command, LifeLines guesses that the new
          spouse will be the person just created. LifeLines asks if
          this is the case, and if so, makes that person the second
          spouse in the family. If not, LifeLines asks you to
          identify the other spouse.

   a Add child to family.
          Add a child to the family. LifeLines asks you to identify
          the new child. If the command you ran just before the a
          command were the n command, LifeLines guesses that the new
          child will be the person just created. LifeLines asks if
          this is the case, and if so, adds that child to the family.
          If not, LifeLines asks you to identify the child. If the
          family already has children, LifeLines also asks where to
          place the new child in the family.

   r Remove spouse from.
          Remove a parent/spouse from the family. LifeLines asks you
          to identify the person, and if you do, removes him or her.
          The person is not removed from the database.

   d Remove child from.
          Remove a child from the family. LifeLines asks you to
          identify the child should, and if you do, removes the child
          from the family. The person is not removed from the
          database.

   x Swap two children.
          Swap (change the chronological order) of any two children
          in the family. LifeLines asks you to identify the two
          children and then swaps them.

   t Enter family tandem.
          This command takes you to the tandem family browse screen.
          LifeLines asks you to identify a second family, and then
          takes you to the tandem family screen, displaying both the
          two families.

   b Browse to persons.
          Browse to a new person or list of persons. You can identify
          a person or list by name, by key, or by list name. If you
          successfully identify a new person or persons you will
          switch into the person or list browse screens.

   z Browse to person.
          Zip browse to a new person. LifeLines asks you to identify
          a person by name or key value, and if you do, browses to
          that person.

   q Return to main menu.
          Return to the LifeLines main menu.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.16. TANDEM PERSON BROWSE MODE

   The tandem person browse screen displays information about two
   persons. Its main use it to support the person merging operation.
   The top two panels show two persons in the format used in the
   person and list screen displays. The bottom panel gives the menu
   of available commands. For example:
  person: Thomas Trask WETMORE Sr (25)
  born: 13 March 1866, St. Mary's Bay, Digby, Nova Scotia
  died: 17 February 1947, New London, New London, Connecticut
  father: Daniel Lorenzo WETMORE, b. 1821, N.S., d. 1903, Conn. (48)
  mother: Mary Ann DOTY, b. 1824, N.S., d. 1897, Conn. (59)
  spouse: Margaret Ellen KANEEN, b. 1855, Eng., d. 1900, Conn. (26)
______________________________________________________________________
person: Thomas Trask WETMORE IV (1)
  born: 18 December 1949, New London, New London, Connecticut
  died:
  father: Thomas Trask WETMORE III, b. 1925, Conn. (6)
  mother: Joan Marie HANCOCK, b. 1928, Conn. (7)
  spouse: Luann Frances GRENDA, m. 1970, N.Y. (2)
______________________________________________________________________
Please choose an operation:
 e Edit top person    s Browse top spouse/s   a Add family
 t Browse to top      c Browse top children   j Merge bottom to top
 f Browse top father  b Browse to persons     x Switch top/bottom
 m Browse top mother  d Copy top to bottom    q Return to main menu
______________________________________________________________________
LifeLines - Two Person Browse Screen

   e Edit top person.
          Edit the top person's record. LifeLines writes the record
          to a file, and puts you in the screen editor to edit the
          file. When you return from the editor, LifeLines asks you
          to confirm the update; the person is changed only if you do
          so.

   t Browse to top.
          Switch to the person display with the top person as current
          person.

   f Browse top father.
          Replace the top person with his/her father.

   m Browse top mother.
          Replace the top person with his/her mother.

   s Browse top spouse/s.
          Replace the the top person with his/her spouse. If the
          person has more than one spouse, LifeLines asks you to
          identify one.

   c Browse top children.
          Replace the top person with one of his/her children. If the
          person has more than one child, LifeLines asks you to
          identify the one.

   b Browse to persons.
          Browse to a new person or list of persons. LifeLines asks
          you to identify a new person or persons by name, key or
          list name, and then does as described in the section on
          identifying a person.

   d Copy top to bottom.
          Copy the top person into the bottom person. A new person is
          not created; the same person is displayed twice.

   a Add family.
          Create a new family record; LifeLines assumes the two
          displayed persons are to become the spouses/parents in the
          new family; they must be of opposite sex.

   j Merge bottom to top.
          Merge the bottom person into the top person. LifeLines
          combines the two person records and places you in the
          screen editor to edit the combined record. When you are
          done, if you confirm the operation, LifeLines removes the
          bottom person from the database, and the top person is
          given the combined record. See the section on merging.

   x Switch top/bottom.
          Swap the two persons in the display.

   q Return to main menu.
          Return to the LifeLines main menu.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.17. TANDEM FAMILY BROWSE MODE

   The tandem family browse screen displays information about two
   families. Its main use it to support the family merging
   operation.The top two panels provide information about the two
   families you are browsing, and the bottom panel holds the menu of
   available commands. For example:
father: Thomas Trask WETMORE IV (1)
  born: 18 December 1949, New London, New London, Connecticut
mother: Luann Frances GRENDA (2)
  born: 10 July 1949, Pittsburgh, Allegheny, Pennsylvania
married: 1 August 1970, Governors Island, New York, New York
  child: Anna Vivian WETMORE, b. 1974, Alaska (3)
__________________________________________________________________
father: Thomas Trask WETMORE III (6)
  born: 26 October 1925, New London, New London, Connecticut
wife: Joan Marie Hancock (7)
  born: 6 June 1928, New London, New London, Connecticut
married: 5 February 1949, New London, New London, Connecticut
  child: Thomas Trask WETMORE IV, b. 1949, Conn. (1)
__________________________________________________________________
Please choose an operation:            (pg 1/3)
 e  Edit top person       m  Browse to mothers     )b Scroll bottom down
 t  Browse to top         (t Scroll top up         (( Scroll both up
 b  Browse to bottom      )t Scroll top down       ?  Other menu choices
 f  Browse to fathers     (b Scroll bottom up      q  Return to main menu
__________________________________________________________________
LifeLines -- Two Family Browse Screen (* toggles menu)

   e Edit top family.
          This command lets you edit the top family's record.
          LifeLines writes the record into a file, and then puts you
          into an editor to edit that information. When you return
          from the editor, LifeLines asks you whether you are sure
          you want to update the family in the database. The family
          is changed only if you answer yes.

   t Browse to top.
          Change to the family browse screen with the top family the
          current family.

   b Browse to bottom.
          Change to the single family browse screen with the bottom
          family the current family.

   f Browse to fathers.
          Change to the tandem person screen with the fathers of the
          two families as the two persons.

   m Browse to mothers.
          Change to the tandem person screen with the mothers of the
          two families as the two persons.

   (t Scroll top up.
          TODO

   )t Scroll top down.
          TODO

   (b Scroll bottom up.
          TODO

   )b Scroll bottom down.
          TODO

   (( Scroll both up.
          TODO

   )) Scroll both down.
          TODO

   # Toggle childnos.
          TODO

   (1-9) Browse to child.
          TODO

   j Merge bottom to top.
          Merge the bottom family into the top family. LifeLines
          combines the two family records and places you in the
          screen editor to edit the combined record. When you are
          done, if you confirm the operation, LifeLines deletes the
          bottom family from the database, and the top family is
          given the combined record. See the section on merging.

   x Switch top/bottom.
          Swap the two families in the display.

          [There are some more miscellaneous commands available on
          the menus.]

   q Return to main menu.
          Return to the LifeLines main menu.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.18. PEDIGREE BROWSE MODE

   The pedigree browse screen displays a four-generation pedigree for
   the current person. The top panel holds the pedigree, and the
   bottom panel holds the menu of available commands. For example:
                  John WETMORE [1755-1848] (32)
            Daniel Van Cott WETMORE [1791-1881] (41)
                  Anna VAN COTT [1757-1802] (33)
      Daniel Lorenzo WETMORE [1821-1903] (48)
                  Thomas TRASK [-1836] (81)
            Hannah TRASK [1797-1829] (46)
                  Susannah PORTER [1754-] (82)
Thomas Trask WETMORE Sr [1866-1947] (25)
                  Samuel DOTY [1759-] (501)
            Samuel DOTY [1787-] (74)
                  Hephzibah PORTER [1764-1853] (502)
      Mary Ann DOTY [1827-1897] (59)
                  Nathan SAVERY [1748-1826] (510)
            Lydia SAVERY [1806-] (75)
                  Deidamia SABEAN [1765-1845] (511)
__________________________________________________________________
Please choose an operation:
 e Edit the person   m Browse to mother    g Browse to family
 i Browse to person  s Browse to spouse/s  b Browse to persons
 f Browse to father  c Browse to children  q Return to main menu
__________________________________________________________________
LifeLines - Pedigree Browse Mode

   e Edit the person.
          Edit the current person.

   i Browse to person.
          Change to the person display mode with the current person.

   f Browse to father.
          Browse to the father of the current person, shifting the
          pedigree one generation back. If the father is not in the
          database, there is no change.

   m Browse to mother.
          Browse to the mother of the current person, shifting the
          pedigree one generation back. If the mother is not in the
          database, there is no change.

   s Browse to spouse/s.
          Browse to a spouse of the current person, shifting the
          display to the pedigree of that person. If the current
          person has more than one spouse, LifeLines asks you to
          identify the spouse; if the person has no spouse there is
          no change.

   c Browse to children.
          Browse to a child of the current person, shifting the
          pedigree one generation forward. If the current person has
          more than one child, LifeLines asks you to identify the
          child; if the person has no children there is no change.

   g Browse to family.
          Change to the family display; the family will be the one
          that the current person belongs to as spouse or parent. If
          there are more than one, LifeLines asks you to identify the
          proper one.

   b Browse to persons.
          Browse to another person or list of persons; if you
          identify a single person the display remains in the
          pedigree display; if you identify more than one person the
          display changes to the list browse mode.

   q Return to main menu.
          Leave the pedigree browsing mode and return to the main
          menu.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.19. SEARCH MENU

   If you choose Search database from the main menu, LifeLines
   displays the search menu:
How would you like to find a record?
  v Review visit history (12 records)
  c Review change history (3 records)
  f Full database scan
  q Return to previous menu

   The first two items will depend on your previous activity. If you
   have browsed to individuals or family records in the database, the
   first item will appear similar to what's shown above, if you
   haven't it will just contain a note that the visit history is
   empty. The second item will appear similar to what's shown above
   if you have changed individual records in this session with
   LifeLines, otherwise it will contain a note that the change
   history is empty.

   Selecting a non-empty visit history or change history will bring
   up a list of individuals (or families) that are in the history,
   allowing you to browse to that individual or family.

   If you choose Full database scan off the search menu, LifeLines
   displays the fullscan menu.
What scan type?
  f  Full name scan
  n  Name fragment (whitespace-delimited) scan
  r  Refn scan
  q  Return to previous menu

   The first two items on this menu allow you to search all the NAME
   records in the current database. If you choose Full name scan you
   are prompted for a search pattern and then LifeLines searches for
   all the individual NAME records whose value matches the pattern
   supplied. If you choose the Name fragment scan, you will be
   prompted for a search pattern and then LifeLines will search for
   whitespace delimited words within individual NAME records that
   match the pattern supplied.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.19.1. Search Patterns

   The pattern supplied to the search commands is used to match
   against the names in the database. The following characters have
   special meaning when used in a pattern:

   ? Matches any single character
   * Matches zero or more occurrences of any character
   SUB a control Z (^Z) is similar to '*', this matches zero or more
   occurences of any characters other than '.'. (of course you
   probably can't type this on unix)
   [ab] A set of characters enclosed in square brackets matches the
   single characters listed between the brackets. If the dash '-'
   character is to be included, it must immediately follow the
   opening bracket '['. If the closing bracket ']' character is to be
   included, it must be preceded by a quote '`'.
   [a-z] Matches a single character in the range 'a' to 'z'. Ranges
   and sets may be combined within the same set of brackets.
   !R Matches a single character not in the range 'R'. If range 'R'
   includes the dash '-' character, the dash must immediately follow
   the '!'.
   ! Makes the following pattern match any string except those what
   it would normally match.
   QUOTE (On DOS this is `, on UNIX it is \) Makes the next character
   a regular (nonspecial) character. Note that to match the quote
   character itself, it must be quoted. Note that this character must
   be escaped if used within string constants ("\\").

   Upper and lower case alphabetic characters are considered
   identical, i.e., 'a' and 'A' match each other. (What constitutes a
   lowercase letter depends on the current locale settings.)

   Spaces and control characters (other than control z) are treated
   as normal characters,

   As an example, consider the following NAME record:
1 NAME John /Smith/

   When doing a full name search, the value searched is the complete
   gedcom name value including the slashes used to delimit the
   surname. in order to have a match, the search pattern must match
   the slashes. Thus
*smith

   will not match this name, whereas
*smith/

   will match.

   When doing a name fragment search, the slashes are removed from
   the surname before trying to match the name, thus
smith
smi*
joh*
*hn

   will all match this NAME record.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.20. ADD OPERATION

   If you choose the add operation from the main menu, LifeLines
   displays the add menu:
What do you want to add?
  p Person - add new person to the database
  f Family - create family record from one or two spouses
  c Child - add a child to an existing family
  s Spouse - add a spouse to an existing family
  q Quit - return to the previous menu

   These operations work in a straightforward way. LifeLines asks you
   the necessary questions, and lets you cancel at any time. The
   operations provided by this menu are also available from the
   browsing modes, and are often easier to perform there.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.21. DELETE OPERATION

   If you choose the delete operation at the main menu, LifeLines
   displays the delete menu:
What do you want to delete?
  c Child - remove a child from his/her family
  s Spouse - remove a spouse from a family
  p Person - remove a person completely
  q Quit - return to the previous menu

   These operations also work in a straightforward way. LifeLines
   asks you the necessary questions and lets you cancel at any time.

   You may also remove a child from his/her family, or remove a
   spouse/parent from his/her family, from the person browsing mode.
   In both cases, only a relationship is removed, not a person. On
   the other hand, the delete menu must be used if you want to
   completely remove a person from the database; this cannot be done
   from the browsing mode.

   There is no special operation for removing a family record.
   LifeLines silently removes any family record that has no parent or
   child associated with it.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.22. CODESET CONVERSION

   (This section was previously entitled CHARACTER TRANSLATION.)

   The intention is that you need only specify the internal codeset
   for each database you create (and this step may be automated via
   the NewDbProps property), and all else works pretty well without
   tuning. That is, lifelines tries to guess the correct codeset for
   your environment (including guessing the console and windows
   codesets when operating under MS-Windows, which it should do
   fairly well).

   However, you may encounter situations where you wish to alter the
   codeset behavior, or the codeset conversion is not operating
   correctly (in which case we hope you will report the problem to
   the mailing list and/or sourceforge bugs list).

   There are two ways to amend codeset conversion. The first method
   is by changing configuration variables. For example, if you wish
   to generate an HTML report of all your data, which includes names
   in Russian (in Cyrillic letters), for your cousin, and you know
   that your cousin's computer has no font for Cyrillic letters, you
   might wish to temporarily adjust your report output codeset so
   that you will get interpolated ASCII letters for the Russian
   letters. You could do this by temporarily altering the
   configuration variable ReportCodesetOut to be "ASCII" (actually,
   if any of your data has characters in it that are reserved in
   HTML, such as the less than sign, or the ampersand, you would
   probaby want "ASCII//HTML").

   The second way to change codeset conversion, and the only way in
   lifelines 3.0.6, is to edit the embedded character translation
   tables, in which you actually specify the letters you want
   converted, letter by letter, and how you want them converted. This
   method, unlike the first, even works in databases with no
   specified internal codeset.

   If you choose the modify character translation tables operation
   from the main menu, LifeLines displays the character translation
   menu:
Which character mapping do you want to edit?
   e Editor to Internal mapping
   m Internal to Editor mapping
   i GEDCOM to Internal mapping
   x Internal to GEDCOM mapping
   d Internal to Display mapping
   r Internal to Report mapping
   q Return to main menu

   LifeLines can do codeset conversion in changing text from one form
   to another, and lifelines supports five different forms.

   internal
          for records in the database

   editor
          for records being edited

   display
          for records being displayed

   report
          for records written to output file

   GEDCOM
          for records read in from or written out to GEDCOM

   When converting text from one form to another LifeLines normally
   uses iconv conversion, and codesets specified in configuration
   variables. This may be augmented by codeset translation or
   extension using the text conversion (*.tt) files in the tt
   subdirectory. To use the tables in the tt subdirectory, you need
   to set the property "TTPATH" in your LifeLines configuration file
   to the path of the tt directory. There are two types of files in
   this directory.

   Files of the form <codeset>_<codeset1>.tt convert from one codeset
   to another. For example, CP1250_UTF-8.tt can be used to convert
   characters in codeset CP1250 to their representations in UTF-8.

   Files of the form <codeset>__<subcodeset>.tt apply a conversion
   within the codeset, for example, UTF-8__html.tt is a
   sub-conversion that converts UTF-8 characters that have special
   escape codes within html to those special codes. For example,
   specifing the report codeset to be UTF-8//html will apply the html
   sub-conversion to all the data being written. Probably not what
   you really wanted. See the report language function convertcode()
   in the reportmanual for details.

   If your system lacks iconv, or you need more specialized
   conversion than provided with iconv, you may either write a text
   conversion file (a tt file), or you may edit one of the
   in-database translation tables.

   The in-database translation tables convert between forms (as
   listed above). Every translation table converts either to the
   internal form, or from the internal form. That is, the internal
   form is used as an intermediate step in all operations. There are
   six supported translation tables. The following table shows the
   six tables and describes when they are applied:

   internal to editor
          when converting from internal, database form to editor form

   editor to internal
          when converting from editor form back to internal, database
          form

   GEDCOM to internal
          when reading GEDCOM input records and writing them to
          database

   internal to GEDCOM
          when writing internal database records to external GEDCOM
          file

   internal to display
          when displaying a record in a browsing mode display screen

   internal to report
          when writing internal database records to external report
          file

   After you select a translation table you are placed in the editor
   to edit the table. Translation tables are made up of lines that
   look like:
pattern pattern

   where a tab separates the patterns. Each pattern is an arbitrary
   sequence of verbatim ASCII characters and escape sequences.
   Translation occurs by finding all occurrences that match left
   patterns and replacing them with the corresponding right patterns.

   There are five escape mechanisms used in patterns:

   #nnn
          nnn is a decimal character value

   $hh
          hh is a hexadecimal character value

   \ #
          represents the # character

   \$
          represents the $ character

   \\
          represents the \ character

   It is possible, and desirable, to provide a short name for the
   translation table, using the "##!name: " command. An example would
   be
##!name: UTF-8 to latex

   Naming the translation table is desirable because these names are
   displayed, at least in part and if they fit, on the translation
   table menu.

   It is possible to format the file using a character other than tab
   as the separator between source and destination code. To do
   requires using the "##!sep" command. Those exact six characters
   must begin the line, and then the next character is the new
   separator for all following lines. For clarity, this should only
   occur once, and near the top of the file before any actual
   translation lines, and a fairly clear separator should be used
   (e.g., the equal sign "=").

   Any line which is blank, or which begins with two hash marks (##),
   is ignored. Therefore, comments begin with two hash marks.

   For advanced users, it is possible to mix different types of
   conversion, for example iconv conversion and also translation
   table conversion, in the same form step. For example, it is
   possible to convert internal database text (internal form) first
   via the "internal to GEDCOM" in-database translation table, and
   then via the iconv conversion from configured internal codeset to
   configured GEDCOM codeset. In-database translation tables are
   always applied in the internal codeset, so when converting to the
   internal form, they are applied after iconv and/or tt conversions,
   and when converting from internal form, they are applied first.

   An example of adding a mixin in-database translation table might
   be to escape certain characters which are control characters to an
   output computer language, e.g., latex. One could create an
   "Internal to Report" mapping in UTF-8 (if the database is
   internally UTF-8) to escape any characters that may occur in place
   names or textual descriptions and inadvertently cause grief in
   latex processing.

   However, in this case, one could also write a tt file to achieve
   the same results, and be shared across databases, by naming it,
   eg, UTF-8__latex.tt. The double underscore ("__") signifies that
   this is a conversion to be applied to text which is in UTF-8, and
   to trigger lifelinesn to use this, one must specify a report
   codeset such as "UTF-8//latex" (if UTF-8 output is desired, but
   with the latex conversion first applied), or "ISO-8859-1//latex"
   (if ISO-8859-1 output is desired, but with the latex conversion
   first applied).
     _____________________________________________________________

1.23. MISCELLANEOUS UTILITIES

   If you choose the miscellaneous utilities operation, LifeLines
   displays the utilities menu:
What utility do you want to perform?
  s Save the database in a GEDCOM file
  r Read in data from a GEDCOM file
  R  Pick a GEDCOM file and read in
  k Find a person's key value
  i Identify a person from key value
  d Show database statistics
  m Show memory statistics
  e Edit the place abbreviation file
  o Edit the user options file
  c  Character set options
  q Return to the main menu

   s Save the database in a GEDCOM file.
          This command saves the complete LifeLines database in a
          GEDCOM file. All person, family, event, source and
          user-defined records are stored. This command may be used
          to periodically back up your database. When you use this
          command, LifeLines asks you for the name of the file. If
          you have defined the LLARCHIVE shell variable, LifeLines
          will store the file in the directory named in the variable.

   r Read in data from a GEDCOM file.
          This command allows you restore a complete database from a
          GEDCOM file. When you select this command, LifeLines asks
          you for the name of the GEDCOM file. This command can also
          be used to import data from a GEDCOM file to an existing
          database. When LifeLines performs this command, it first
          reads the entire GEDCOM file and checks it for validity. If
          there are problems in the file, LifeLines describes them,
          writing them to the file err.log, and does not add any
          records to the database. If there are no problems,
          LifeLines adds all the records found in the file to the
          database (only header and trailer records are not stored in
          the database).

          Normally, LifeLines will replace the XREF's (the
          identifiers for individuals, families, sources, notes,
          etc.) in the GEDCOM with it's own. These identifiers are
          reserved by the GEDCOM for internal use of genealogy
          programs. However, if the identifiers are compatible with
          LifeLines internal representation and there are no
          conflicts with existing identifiers, LifeLines will ask you
          if you want to perserve the identifiers in the GEDCOM file
          rather than assign new values.

   k Find a person's key value.
          This command finds the internal key value of a person.

   i Identify a person from key value.
          This command identifies the person that has a particular
          internal key value.

   d Show database statistics.
          This command summarizes the contents of the current
          database. It displays the number of person, family, source,
          event and other records in the database.

   m Show memory statistics.
          This command is used by the author for debugging.

   e Edit the place abbreviation file.
          This command allows you to edit the place abbreviations
          file. This file defines the abbreviations that are used by
          LifeLines when it creates lists of persons for you to
          select from. Each line in the file has the format:

word:
     abbr 

          where word is a word to be abbreviated, and abbr is its
          abbreviation. The word and its abbreviation are separated
          by a colon. For example:

          Example 1-9. Example of using abbreviations 

          Connecticut:Conn.
          Massachusetts:Mass.
          Nova Scotia:N.S.

          When LifeLines constructs lists of persons for you to
          select from, it looks up the last component of certain PLAC
          lines in this file, and if it finds that component,
          replaces it with its abbreviation.

   o Edit the user options file. 
          This command allows you to edit the user options file. The
          user options file is a record kept in the database that
          holds user selectable options. Each option has a name and a
          string value. Each line in the options file has the format:

option=value

          where option is the name of an option and value is the
          option's string value. If the value is more than one line
          long, then the last character in each non-final line must
          be a backslash. The escapes \n and \t are also recognized
          in version 3.0.7 and better (to represent a carriage return
          and a tab, respectively). These (\n and \t) are primarily
          for use in custom record templates. In version 3.0.14 there
          are 39 options. Note that all of these may also be
          specified in the configuration file, to apply to all
          databases, but if specified in both places, the entry in
          the database (user options table) governs. For more
          information, see the sample configuration file; each option
          is preceded by a brief explanation.

          The list of options can be found in the section 'System and
          User Properties' below.

   For example if you would like to replace the default person record
   template with the following:

   Example 1-10. Example of replacing the default person record
   template 
  0 INDI
  1 NAME //
  1 SEX

   you would edit the user option file to contain:

   Example 1-11. Example of replaced default person record template 

   INDIREC=0 INDI\
     1 NAME //\
     1 SEX
   or, using the \n escape so as to keep the entry on one line:

   Example 1-12. Example of replaced single line default person
   record template 

   INDIREC=0 INDI\n1 NAME //\n1 SEX

   q Return to main menu.
          This command returns you to the main menu.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.24. IMPORT ERRORS

   Errors generated during a GEDCOM import are logged to a file, by
   default named errs.log.

   A number of errors are related to having an incorrect XREF value.
   An XREF is the internal name used to Identify a family,
   individual, note, source or other record. An XREF is bracked by
   two @ signs. As an example
  0 @F6@ FAM
  1 HUSB @I25@
  1 WIFE @I26@
  1 CHIL @I17@

   Here F6 is the internal name of this family. The family refers to
   other individuals by specifing their XREF values. Also I25, I26
   and I17 are XREF values of individuals.

   XREF values used within LifeLines are totally under the control of
   LifeLines. The values that are used are always of the form, a
   single letter, followed by a number. However, when importing a
   gedcom LifeLines should accept almost anything as an XREF,
   converting it to what is needed for internal use. For the curious,
   the letters that LifeLines uses are I for Individual, F for
   Family, S for Source, E for Events, and X for other records.

   Bad NAME syntax.
          A level 1 NAME record must have a value, and the value must
          not be a pointer, and may have no more than two slashes.

          Example 1-13. Example of bad NAME syntax (too many slashes
          in this case) 

  0 @I99@ INDI
  1 NAME Mary /Smith/ nee /Jones/

   Family F13 has an incorrect key.

   Person XYZ has an incorrect key: skipped.
          The XREF values must be unique. These error messages are
          generated if a XREF is found to refer to two different
          records. For example, the XREF for a family is the same as
          one for an individual.

          Example 1-14. Example of XREF XYZ being defined twice 

  0 @XYZ@ INDI
  1 NAME Mary /Smith/ nee /Jones/
  0 @XYZ@ FAM
  1 HUSB @I48@

   Person defined here has no name.
          Each INDI record must have at least one level 1 NAME
          record, if the configuration option RequireNames is
          non-zero.

   Person INDI_XYZ is multiply defined: skipped.
          No XREF value of an INDI may be reused. This message
          indicates that INDI_XYZ has been used to identify two
          different persons.

          Example 1-15. Example of person multiply defined 

  0 @INDI_XYZ@ INDI
  1 NAME John /Smith/
  0 @INDI_XYZ@ INDI
  1 NAME Jack /Smith/

   The family defined here has no key.
          Each FAM record must have an XREF value. (The XREF is the
          letters between "0" and "FAM".)

          Example 1-16. Example of family record missing key 

  0 FAM
  1 HUSB @I1@

   Family F123 is referred to but not defined.
          A FAMS or FAMC record on an Individual refers to a family
          but there is no FAM record with that XREF.

   The person defined here has no key: skipped.
          Each INDI record must have an XREF value. (The XREF is the
          letters between "0" and "INDI".)

          Example 1-17. Example of person record missing key 

  0 INDI
  1 NAME John /Smith/

   This line has a level number that is too large.
          A child level must be one higher than its parent level.

          Example 1-18. Example of level number which is too high 

  0 @I99@ INDI
  1 NAME //
  3 NOTE name is missing

   This FAMS line is missing a value field (INDI I99).
          Lineage-linking tags must have a value, including tags
          FAMC, FAMS, FATH, MOTH, HUSB, WIFE, CHIL.

          Example 1-19. Example of lineage-linking line which is
          missing required value 

  0 @I99@ INDI
  1 NAME John /Smith/
  2 FAMS
     _____________________________________________________________

1.25. HANDLING SOURCE, EVENT AND USER-DEFINED RECORDS

   LifeLines supports source, event and other, user-defined record
   types. You can access these features in two ways: either through
   the x operation from the main menu, or via commands in the
   individual and family browse screens. The first approach might be
   most convenient when you are solely working with these record
   types. The second makes it easier to work with source, event and
   user-defined records in parallel with your person and family
   records; this can be useful for instance when you want to create
   references from your person and family record to your source,
   event and user defined records as you create them, and to view and
   edit records that you have referenced from within a person or
   family record.

   Using the first of these two possibilities LifeLines displays the
   following menu:
What activity do you want to perform?

  s  Browse source records
  e  Browse event records
  x  Browse other records
  1  Add a source record to the database
  2  Edit source record from the database
  3  Add an event record to the database
  4  Edit event record from the database
  5  Add an other record to the database
  6  Edit other record from the database
  q  Return to main menu

   Using the second variant (from the person and family browse
   screens), the following six commands are available. The first
   three are described alongside with their counterparts in the x
   menu (they do mostly, but not entirely, the same things); the last
   three are described separately:
  %s  Add source
  %e  Add event
  %o  Add other
  $s  List sources
  $n  List notes
  $$  List references

   The handling of source, event and user-defined records in
   LifeLines is still in development. For example, sources cannot yet
   be searched by REFN or be deleted.

   s Browse source records.
          This will bring up a list of all source records by number,
          showing REFN, title, and author for each. A record may be
          selected from this list to edit.

   e Browse event records.
          This will bring up a list of all event records by number.
          As of yet this does not display any information about each
          event. (Suggestions as to how to summarize events are
          welcome). A record may be selected from this list to edit.

   x Browse other records.
          This will bring up a list of all other records by number,
          showing the 0 level line as summary. A record may be
          selected from this list to edit.

   1 Add a source record to the database.
          This operation (or alternatively %s from the person, family
          or auxiliary browse screens) is used to add a new source
          record to the database. LifeLines creates a template source
          and puts you in the screen editor to edit the template. The
          default template is:

  0 SOUR
  1 REFN
  1 TITL Title
  1 AUTH Author

          Do not change the 0 SOUR line. Otherwise you may edit this
          record any way you like. The 1 REFN line is a special line
          you can use to give the source a symbolic name that can be
          used in other records to refer to the source record. See
          the section on using REFN values. Because many sources have
          a title and an author, the default template has these
          lines. You may adjust the source template via the SOURREC
          user option (either at the database level, via the user
          options, or globally, via the configuration file). Here is
          how I recorded one of the sources in my database:

          Example 1-20. Example of a source record 

0 SOUR
  1 REFN jcw
  1 TITL The Wetmore Family of America, and its Collateral Branches: with
    2 CONT Genealogical, Biographical, and Historical Notices
  1 AUTH James Carnahan Wetmore
  1 PUBL
    2 DATE 1861
    2 PLAC Albany, New York
    2 INST Munsell and Rowland
    2 ADDR 78 State Street

          The add source command in the x menu is equivalent to the
          %s command available in the person or family browse screen,
          in terms of entering the source record; after saving the
          source record though, there is one significant difference,
          in that that you then are presented with the following
          prompt (also, the key value of the new record is displayed
          in the status bar at this point):

Please choose from the following options:
  1: Insert xref automatically at bottom of current record.
  2: Edit current record now to add xref manually.
  3: Browse new record (without adding xref).
  4: Return to current record (without adding xref).

 Commands:   j Move down     k Move up    i Select     q Quit

          The four options perform the following actions:

          1: LifeLines adds a reference to the new source record at
          the bottom of the person or family record that was visible
          in the display screen when you prompted LifeLines to create
          the new source record.

          2: LifeLines will open the person or family record that was
          visible in the display screen when you prompted LifeLines
          to create the new source record, so that you can manually
          enter a reference to the newly created source record
          (perhaps as a source reference to an event that you are
          planning to add).

          3: LifeLines lets you browse (and optionally reopen for
          editing) your newly added source record.

          4: You are returned to the person or family record that was
          visible in the display screen when you prompted LifeLines
          to create the new source record. No reference is added to
          the new record.

   2 Edit source record from the database.
          Use this operation to edit an existing source record
          already in the database. When you select this operation
          LifeLines asks you to identify a source:

Which source record do you want to edit?
enter key or refn:

          Identify a source by entering its key value, with or
          without the leading S, or by entering its REFN value.
          LifeLines retrieves the record and puts you in the editor
          with the record.

   3 Add an event record to the database.
          This operation (or alternatively %e from the person, family
          or auxiliary browse screens) adds a new event record to the
          database. LifeLines creates a template event and puts you
          in the screen editor to edit the template. The default
          template is:

0 EVEN
  1 REFN
  1 DATE
  1 PLAC
  1 INDI
    2 NAME
    2 ROLE
  1 SOUR

          You may adjust the event template via the EVENREC user
          option (either at the database level, via the user options,
          or globally, via the configuration file).

          Do not change the 0 EVEN line. Otherwise you may edit this
          record any way you like. The 1 REFN line allows you to give
          this event a symbolic name you can use when you want to
          refer to this event from other records. See the section on
          using REFN values. The default template suggests that an
          event has a date, a place, and refers to persons in roles
          with respect to the event. There is far less experience
          with event-based GEDCOM than there is with simple person
          and family GEDCOM. You may even be wondering why you would
          need event records when you can simply tuck events away in
          person and family records. This is a topic that may get
          covered in an appendix.

          The add event command in the x menu is equivalent to the %e
          command available in the person or family browse screen, in
          terms of entering the event record; after saving the event
          record though, there is one significant difference, in that
          that you then are presented with the following prompt
          (also, the key value of the new record is displayed in the
          status bar at this point):

Please choose from the following options:
  1: Insert xref automatically at bottom of current record.
  2: Edit current record now to add xref manually.
  3: Browse new record (without adding xref).
  4: Return to current record (without adding xref).

 Commands:   j Move down     k Move up    i Select     q Quit

          The four options perform the following actions:

          1: LifeLines adds a reference to the new event record at
          the bottom of the person or family record that was visible
          in the display screen when you prompted LifeLines to create
          the new event record.

          2: LifeLines will open the person or family record that was
          visible in the display screen when you prompted LifeLines
          to create the new event record, so that you can manually
          enter a reference to the newly created event record.

          3: LifeLines lets you browse (and optionally reopen for
          editing) your newly added event record.

          4: You are returned to the person or family record that was
          visible in the display screen when you prompted LifeLines
          to create the new event record. No reference is added to
          the new record.

   4 Edit event record from the database.
          Use this operation to edit an existing event record from
          the database . When you select this operation LifeLines
          asks you to identify an event:

Which event record do you want to edit?
enter key or refn:

          You identify a event by entering its key value, with or
          without the leading E, or by entering its REFN value.
          LifeLines retrieves the record and places you in the screen
          editor with the record.

   5 Add an other record to the database.
          This operation (or alternatively %o from the person, family
          or auxiliary browse screens) adds a new user-defined record
          to the database. LifeLines creates a template and puts you
          in the screen editor to edit the template. The default
          template is

0 XXXX
1 REFN

          Replace XXXX with the tag string you select for the type of
          the new record. You are free to choose any tag value except
          INDI, FAM, SOUR and EVEN. For example, if you keep record
          information about the ships that your North American
          immigrant ancestors arrived on, you would keep records
          about those ships in your database; the tag SHIP suggests
          itself for such records. The 1 REFN line allows you to give
          this record a symbolic name you can use when you want to
          refer to it from other records. See the section on using
          REFN values. You may adjust the other template via the OTHR
          user option (either at the database level, via the user
          options, or globally, via the configuration file).

          The add other record command in the x menu is equivalent to
          the %o command available in the person or family browse
          screen, in terms of entering the other record; after saving
          the record though, there is one significant difference, in
          that that you then are presented with the following prompt
          (also, the key value of the new record is displayed in the
          status bar at this point):

Please choose from the following options:
  1: Insert xref automatically at bottom of current record.
  2: Edit current record now to add xref manually.
  3: Browse new record (without adding xref).
  4: Return to current record (without adding xref).

 Commands:   j Move down     k Move up    i Select     q Quit

          The four options perform the following actions:

          1: LifeLines adds a reference to the new other record at
          the bottom of the person or family record that was visible
          in the display screen when you prompted LifeLines to create
          the new other record.

          2: LifeLines will open the person or family record that was
          visible in the display screen when you prompted LifeLines
          to create the new other record, so that you can manually
          enter a reference to the newly created other record
          (perhaps as a note reference to an event that you are
          planning to add).

          3: LifeLines lets you browse (and optionally reopen for
          editing) your newly added other record.

          4: You are returned to the person or family record that was
          visible in the display screen when you prompted LifeLines
          to create the new other record. No reference is added to
          the new record.

   6 Edit other record from the database.
          Use this operation to edit an existing user-defined record
          from the database. When you select this operation LifeLines
          asks you to identify the record:

What record do you want to edit?
enter key or refn:

          You identify a record by entering its key value, with or
          without the leading X, or by entering its REFN value.
          LifeLines retrieves the record and places you in the screen
          editor with the record.

   $s List sources
          This command is available in the person and family browse
          screens. It will bring up a list of all source records that
          are referenced within the currently displayed person or
          family record, by the order they appear in the
          person/family record, showing REFN, title, and author for
          each. A record may be selected from this list to view in
          the auxiliary browse screen (and optionally be edited from
          there).

   $n List notes
          This command is available in the person and family browse
          screens. It will bring up a list of all note records that
          are referenced within the currently displayed person or
          family record, by the order they appear in the
          person/family record, showing REFN, title, and author for
          each. A record may be selected from this list to view in
          the auxiliary browse screen (and optionally be edited from
          there).

   $$ List all references
          This command is available in the person and family browse
          screens. It will bring up a list of all records that are
          referenced within the currently displayed person or family
          record, by the order they appear in the person/family
          record, showing REFN, title, and author for each. A record
          may be selected from this list to view in the auxiliary
          browse screen (and optionally be edited from there).
     _____________________________________________________________

1.26. FAMILY STRUCTURE AND MERGING PERSONS AND FAMILIES

   LifeLines 3.0.2 has relaxed most of restrictions on family
   structure that were imposed by earlier versions. For example, a
   family record may have more than one parent/spouse of the same
   sex; a person may be a child in more than family. This is a
   controversial issue. Some users insist that family relationships
   should imply biological relatedness, and that all other
   relationships should be handled by different means. Others insist
   that non-traditional families (any number of parents/spouses of
   any sex) should be allowed, and that children can be members of
   more than one family (eg, natural family and adoptive family).
   LifeLines no longer takes a position on this matter; you are free
   to set up families any way you like; the operations that add
   spouses and children to families no longer check for
   non-traditional arrangements. It is possible that a future release
   will include a user option to either disallow or to ask for
   confirmation about non-traditional relationships.

   LifeLines provides features for merging persons together and for
   merging families together. The person merging feature is accessed
   from the tandem person browse mode, and the family merging feature
   is accessed from the tandem family browse mode. You browse to the
   two persons or families you want to merge and then use the j
   command. Merging is necessary when you discover that two or more
   person records, or two or more family records, represent the same
   person or family, respectively.

   Versions of LifeLines prior to 3.0.2 required that persons and
   families meet certain criteria before they could be merged. The
   criteria ensured that the merged persons and families would still
   meet traditional family structuring rules. With the relaxation of
   the structuring rules, restrictions on merging have also been
   removed. It is now possible to create non-traditional
   relationships by merging traditional persons and/or families. For
   example, if you merge two persons that happen to be children in
   two different families, the merged person will be a child in both
   families. If you want to maintain only traditional relationships
   in your database you may have to makes further to changes to
   relationships after you complete a merge operation.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.27. LINKING RECORDS TOGETHER AND USING THE REFN FEATURE

   Records in a LifeLines database may refer to other records via
   cross-reference links. The lineage-linked references are
   maintained directly by LifeLines through operations found in the
   browsing mode menus. These references are the links from a person
   to families (1 FAMC and 1 FAMS), and the links from a family to
   persons (1 HUSB, 1 WIFE and 1 CHIL). Because LifeLines maintains
   these links you are not allowed to change these lines when you are
   editing records. There are a couple of seeming exceptions to this
   rule. For example, you may change the order of 1 CHIL lines in a
   family record in order to change the order of children in a
   family, and you may change the order of 1 FAMS lines in a person
   record to change the order of families the person was a spouse or
   parent in. These operations are allowed because they don't affect
   which person records refer to which family records and vice versa.

   Besides the lineage-links that are maintained by LifeLines, you
   may place your own links in records. Probably the most common
   example of this is referring events within a person record to the
   record of the information source for the event. For example:

   Example 1-21. Example of referring events from a person record 
0 @I23@ INDI
  1 NAME Thomas/Whitmore/
  1 BIRT
    2 DATE about 1615
    2 PLAC England
    2 SOUR @S3@
...
0 @S3@ SOUR
  1 REFN cat
  1 TITL New England Marriages Prior to 1700
  1 AUTH Clarence Almon Torrey
...

   The 2 SOUR @S3@ line in the person record refers to the source
   record. LifeLines allows any specific structure within a record
   (in this case a birth event) to refer to another record. It is not
   possible to refer to a specific location within another record,
   though this may be supported eventually.

   This example implies that when linking one record to another you
   must know the key of the target record (S3 in the example). This
   is not desirable because internal record keys may change when the
   records are exported from one database or imported to another.

   Because internal key values are not permanent, LifeLines allows
   you to assign a permanent user-defined key to any record in the
   database using the 1 REFN line. The value of this line is a string
   that you choose as your permanent key value for the record. When
   adding a link to a record that has a user REFN key value, you may
   use that value instead of the internal key value. For example,
   when adding the person in the previous example you could edit the
   new record as follows:

   Example 1-22. Example of adding a new person 
0 INDI
  1 NAME Thomas/Whitmore/
  1 BIRT
    2 DATE about 1615
    2 PLAC England
    2 SOUR <cat>

   Instead of using the actual key value of the source, S3, the REFN
   value cat was used. The REFN value must be enclosed by angle
   brackets when used this way. LifeLines automatically replaces the
   REFN link with the proper internal key value when the record is
   stored in the database.

   The REFN value may also be used when searching for person, source,
   event and user-defined records. You should not add more than one
   REFN line to a record, and every REFN value should be unique.
     _____________________________________________________________

1.28. System and User Properties

   There are a number of properties that can be specified to
   customize the behavior of LifeLines. These properties can be
   specified in LifeLines configuration files, in each LifeLines
   database or in some cases by environment variables.

   System Properties are properties that have a predefined meaning to
   lifelines, such as LLEDITOR (see its meaning below). User
   Properties typically have no predefined meanings as they are
   simply a string that a report looks up in the property tables. It
   can be anything a user desires. To simplify report writing a
   number of User Properties are predefined with specific meanings.
   These User Property Names begin with 'user.' and are listed below.
   For example, many reports have abstracted the concept of the
   user's name to the property user.fullname. By defining this
   property in your llines startup file, it allows a report to
   reference your name as the source of the data being printed
   without having it hard-coded in the report.

   When LifeLines begins execution, it reads any specified
   configuration files and extracts Properties from the files read.
   It is possible for multiple configuration files to be read.
   Properties defined in these files will be stored in the global
   property table. If multiple definitions of the same property are
   seen, the latest definition overrides prior definitions.
   Configuration files are read as follows:

   Note: If a configuration file defines LLCONFIGFILE, it is not
   entered in the global table, but the value of this parameter is
   read as a configuration file after completion of reading the
   current file.
   Note: In the following, the name of a user configuration file is
   listed as .linesrc. On windows versions of lifelines this name is
   lines.cfg.
   1 If a configuration file name is passed to the program with the
   -C option, or if LLCONFIGFILE is defined as an environment
   variable use the value supplied as the name of the configuration
   file. Do not read configuration information from the files listed
   in 2a, 2b, 2c, or 2d.
   2a If the file /etc/lifelines.conf exists, read it. '/etc' is a
   placeholder for the standard location for system configuration
   files as defined when lifelines was built. It is often /etc or
   /usr/local/etc.
   2b. If the file $HOME/.linesrc exists, load parameters from it.
   2c. If the file .linesrc exists in the current directory read
   parameters from it.
   2d If LLCONFIGFILE is defined in the command line or database
   table and it's value is the name of a file, load parameters from
   that file.

   When LifeLines searches for a property it looks for it as follows:

   cmdline table
          First, LifeLines looks in the cmdline table. This table
          contains the values that have been specified using the -I
          option to LifeLines.

   database table
          Next, LifeLines looks in the database table. This table
          contains the values which have been stored in the current
          database.

   global table
          Next, LifeLines looks in the global table. This table
          contains the values found when reading in the configuration
          files.

   environment table
          Finally, LifeLines looks in the environment table. Only a
          handful of properties may be set from the environment,
          namely LLPROGRAMS, LLREPORTS, LLARCHIVES, LLDATABASES, and
          LLEDITOR.

   Properties are named group.subgroup.property or group.property, or
   even just property. The following keys are available at the
   moment:

   LLPROGRAMS
          LLPROGRAMS is the search path for LifeLines report
          generating and other programs.

   LLREPORTS
          LLREPORTS is used to select a directory where all generated
          reports and program outputs will be placed.

   LLARCHIVES
          LLARCHIVES is used to select a directory where all database
          backup files will be stored

   LLDATABASES
          LLDATABASES is a list of directories that contain database
          directories used to locate database directories themselves

   LLNEWDBDIR
          LLNEWDBDIR a single directory where new databases specified
          without paths will be created. This is a convenience for
          users who generally put all their databases under a single
          common directory.

   LLEDITOR
          Overrides the default screen editor

   Codeset Information:

   For the following parameters related to codeset, the values are a
   String denoting code set in use in data. Special handling is
   provided for UTF-8, which may be entered as "UTF-8", "utf-8", or
   "65001". (The official, and preferred, name is UTF-8.

   GedcomCodeset
          Specifies the default Codeset to use when processing Gedcom
          files. There are actually 3 properties. GedcomCodesetOut
          and GedcomCodesetIn can be used to specify the codeset for
          output or input. If either of these is not specified
          GedcomCodeset is used. Most Gedcom files should contain a
          codeset property, so this is not usually relevant when
          reading a Gedcom file, unless the input Gedcom file lacks a
          codeset property. This is used, however, when writing out a
          Gedcom file. NB: This is ignored if the database has no
          internal codeset specified.

   EditorCodeset
          Specifies the codeset to use for editing. There are
          actually 3 properties. EditorCodesetOut and EditorCodesetIn
          can be used to specify the codeset for output or input. If
          either of these is not specified EditorCodeset is used.
          This property allows lifelines to convert from its internal
          codeset to the one you use in your editor, so this is
          important when your editor does not use the same codeset as
          your database. NB: This is ignored if the database has no
          internal codeset specified.

   ReportCodeset
          Specifies the codeset to use for reports. There are
          actually 3 properties. ReportCodesetOut and ReportCodesetIn
          can be used to specify the codeset for output or input. If
          either of these is not specified ReportCodeset is used.
          Recently created reports may actually specify their
          codeset, in which case this is not used, but for reports
          which do not include a specification of codeset, the
          ReportCodesetIn (or ReportCodeset) specifies how the report
          will be understood. In any case, the output of a report
          program will be written in the codeset given by
          ReportCodesetOut (or ReportCodeset). NB: This is ignored if
          the database has no internal codeset specified.

   GuiCodeset
          Specifies the codeset to use for interaction with the
          graphical user interface. There are actually 3 properties.
          GuiCodesetOut and GuiCodesetIn can be used to specify the
          codeset for output or input. If either of these is not
          specified GuiCodeset is used.

   LongDisplayDate
          Six comma separated numbers. Specifing the format for days,
          months, years, date format, era format, and complex format.
          If string does not contain 6 comma separated numbers all
          formats are set to 0, except date format is set to 14.
          These formats are used by LifeLines to display dates in
          long format.

   LongDisplayDatePic
          a custom ymd date picture. A string in which %y, %m and %d
          will be converted to the corresponding year, month and day.
          This picture is used by LifeLines to display dates in long
          format.

   ShortDisplayDate
          Six comma separated numbers. Specifing the format for days,
          months, years, date format, era format, and complex format.
          If string does not contain 6 comma separated numbers all
          formats are set to 0, except date format is set to 14.
          These formats are used by LifeLines to display dates in
          short format.

   ShortDisplayDatePic
          a custom ymd date picture. A string in which %y, %m and %d
          will be converted to the corresponding year, month and day.
          This picture is used by LifeLines to display dates in short
          format.

   LocaleDir
          run-time specification of locale directory

   NewDbProps
          if specified, properties to add to a newly created
          database. The string is of the form
          "option1=value1\noption2=value2".

   IllegalChar
          Apparently not used at this time.

   DenySystemCalls
          If set to a non-zero value will disable use of the system
          function.

   UiLocaleCollate
          ui collating sequence

   UiLocaleMessages
          ui messages locale

   RptLocaleCollate
          Report Collating Sequence

   RptLocaleMessages
          Report Messages Locale

   ShortOmitString
          If defined this string replaces characters at the end of an
          event being printed.

   DisplayKeyTags
          If set to 1 an i or f is prepended to individual and family
          keys when shown on-screen.

   AnnotatePointers
          If set to 1 a descriptive comment is added to pointers when
          editing family or individual records to help identify who
          is being refered to. These tags are removed when the edit
          is finished and not stored in the database.

   TTPATH
          list of directories to search for translation table files
          (*.tt)

   TTPATH.debug
          if defined, LifeLines outputs debug information related to
          translation table processing.

   InputPath
          path to look for in when reading in gedcom files

   INDIREC
          The default template to use whenever creating a new
          individual. If not specified, the concatenation of the
          following is used:

"0 INDI\n1 NAME Fname/Surname\n1 SEX MF\n"
"1 BIRT\n  2 DATE\n  2 PLAC\n"
"1 DEAT\n  2 DATE\n  2 PLAC\n1 SOUR\n"

   FAMRECBODY
          The default template to use whenever creating a new family.
          If not specified, the following is used:

"1 MARR\n  2 DATE\n  2 PLAC\n  2 SOUR\n"

          Note: Unlike the others, this should not include the 0
          level FAM tag.)

   SOURREC
          The default template to use whenever creating a new source.
          If not specified, the following is used in english:

"0 SOUR\n1 REFN\n1 TITL Title\n1 AUTH Author"

   EVENREC
          The default template to use whenever creating a new event.
          If not specified, the following is used in english:

"0 EVEN\n1 REFN\n1 DATE\n1 PLAC\n1 INDI\n  2 NAME\n  2 ROLE\n1 SOUR"

   OTHR
          The default template to use whenever creating a new other
          record. If not specified, the following is used in english:

"0 XXXX\n1 REFN"

   HDR_SUBM
          string to use when writing gedcom files for the SUBM.
          Default is

"1 SUBM".

   HDR_GEDC
          String containing the GEDC block for the header record when
          exporting GEDCOM. The default is

"1 GEDC\n2 VERS 5.5\n2 FORM LINEAGE-LINKED".

   HDR_CHAR
          String containing the CHAR block for the header record when
          exporting GEDCOM. The default is

"1 CHAR ASCII".

   ReportLog
          name of file to print report program errors to, if not
          specified use stdout curses window.

   CrashLog_llexec
          file to write crash log into for llexec. If not set, log is
          written to the file CrashLog_llexec.log.

   CrashLog_llines
          file to write crash log into for llines. If not set, log is
          written to the file CrashLog_llines.log.

   LLTTEXPORT
          directory to write translation tables to. Default is the
          current directory.

   ImportLog
          where to log errors found while importing a gedcom file.
          default is errs.log.

   gettext.path
          for windows, if specified path to (re)load gettext dll

   iconv.path
          for Windows, path to link dynamically to gettext and iconv

   user.fullname
          The full name of the current user. If not found as a
          property it is fetched from the system when possible.

   user.email
          The email address of the current user. If not found as a
          property it is fetched from the system when possible.

   user.address
          Postal address of the current user.

   user.phone
          The phone number of the current user.

   user.url
          URL to the users home page.