@c $Id: dsl.texinfo,v 1.10 2002/01/09 16:58:15 m Exp m $
@node License, Program Index, Web Resources, Top
@comment node-name, next, previous, up
@appendix License
@cindex license
@cindex copyleft

@noindent
Like much of the software that makes a working Linux system, including
the Linux kernel itself, the text of this book is copylefted. That is,
its copyright holder published it in its source form with a special kind
of copyright license that has come to be known as a ``copyleft''
license. That does @emph{not} mean that it has been put in the public
domain; rather, the @dfn{copyleft} is a special set of terms and
conditions, given by the copyright holder, that permit anyone to copy,
distribute, and modify the work while all subsequent copies and
derivatives retain equally open and free to anyone else. For this book
those terms are described by the Design Science License, which follows.

@menu
* DSL::                         The Design Science License.
* Applying DSL::                Applying copyleft to your work.
@end menu


@node DSL, Applying DSL, License, License
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@appendixsec Design Science License
@cindex Design Science License (DSL)
@cindex DSL (Design Science License)

@noindent
@strong{TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION}

@noindent
Copyright @copyright{} 1999--2001 Michael Stutz <stutz@@dsl.org>
@*@noindent
Verbatim copying of this document is permitted, in any medium.

@noindent
@strong{0. PREAMBLE.}

@noindent
Copyright law gives certain exclusive rights to the author of a work,
including the rights to copy, modify, and distribute the work (the
``reproductive,'' ``adaptative,'' and ``distribution'' rights).

@noindent
The idea of ``copyleft'' is to willfully revoke the exclusivity of those
rights under certain terms and conditions, so that anyone can copy and
distribute the work or properly attributed derivative works, while all
copies remain under the same terms and conditions as the original.

@noindent
The intent of this license is to be a general ``copyleft'' that can be
applied to any kind of work that has protection under copyright. This
license states those certain conditions under which a work published
under its terms may be copied, distributed and modified.

@noindent
Whereas ``design science'' is a strategy for the development of
artifacts as a way to reform the environment (not people) and
subsequently improve the universal standard of living, this Design
Science License was written and deployed as a strategy for promoting the
progress of science and art through reform of the environment.

@noindent
@strong{1. DEFINITIONS.}

@noindent
``License'' shall mean this Design Science License. The License applies
to any work which contains a notice placed by the work's copyright
holder stating that it is published under the terms of this Design
Science License.

@noindent
``Work'' shall mean such an aforementioned work. The License also
applies to the output of the Work, only if said output constitutes a
``derivative work'' of the licensed Work as defined by copyright law.

@noindent
``Object Form'' shall mean an executable or performable form of the
Work, being an embodiment of the Work in some tangible medium.

@noindent
``Source Data'' shall mean the origin of the Object Form, being the
entire, machine-readable, preferred form of the Work for copying and
for human modification (usually the language, encoding or format in
which composed or recorded by the Author); plus any accompanying
files, scripts or other data necessary for installation, configuration
or compilation of the Work.

@noindent
(Examples of ``Source Data'' include, but are not limited to, the
following: if the Work is an image file composed and edited in PNG
format, then the original PNG source file is the Source Data; if the
Work is an MPEG 1.0 layer 3 digital audio recording made from a WAV
format audio file recording of an analog source, then the original WAV
file is the Source Data; if the Work was composed as an unformatted
plaintext file, then that file is the Source Data; if the Work was
composed in LaTeX, the LaTeX file(s) and any image files and/or custom
macros necessary for compilation constitute the Source Data.)

@noindent
``Author'' shall mean the copyright holder(s) of the Work.

@noindent
The individual licensees are referred to as ``you.''

@noindent
@strong{2. RIGHTS AND COPYRIGHT.}

@noindent
The Work is copyright the Author.  All rights to the Work are reserved
by the Author, except as specifically described below. This License
describes the terms and conditions under which the Author permits you
to copy, distribute and modify copies of the Work.

@noindent
In addition, you may refer to the Work, talk about it, and (as
dictated by ``fair use'') quote from it, just as you would any
copyrighted material under copyright law.

@noindent
Your right to operate, perform, read or otherwise interpret and/or
execute the Work is unrestricted; however, you do so at your own risk,
because the Work comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY---see Section 7 (``NO
WARRANTY'') below.

@noindent
@strong{3. COPYING AND DISTRIBUTION.}

@noindent
Permission is granted to distribute, publish or otherwise present
verbatim copies of the entire Source Data of the Work, in any medium,
provided that full copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty, where
applicable, is conspicuously published on all copies, and a copy of
this License is distributed along with the Work.

@noindent
Permission is granted to distribute, publish or otherwise present copies
of the Object Form of the Work, in any medium, under the terms for
distribution of Source Data above and also provided that one of the
following additional conditions are met:

@noindent
(a) The Source Data is included in the same distribution, distributed
under the terms of this License; or

@noindent
(b) A written offer is included with the distribution, valid for at
least three years or for as long as the distribution is in print
(whichever is longer), with a publicly-accessible address (such as a
URL on the Internet) where, for a charge not greater than
transportation and media costs, anyone may receive a copy of the
Source Data of the Work distributed according to the section above; or

@noindent
(c) A third party's written offer for obtaining the Source Data at no
cost, as described in paragraph (b) above, is included with the
distribution. This option is valid only if you are a non-commercial
party, and only if you received the Object Form of the Work along with
such an offer.

@noindent
You may copy and distribute the Work either gratis or for a fee, and
if desired, you may offer warranty protection for the Work.

@noindent
The aggregation of the Work with other works that are not based on the
Work---such as but not limited to inclusion in a publication, broadcast,
compilation, or other media---does not bring the other works in the
scope of the License; nor does such aggregation void the terms of the
License for the Work.

@*
@noindent
@strong{4. MODIFICATION.}

@noindent
Permission is granted to modify or sample from a copy of the Work,
producing a derivative work, and to distribute the derivative work
under the terms described in the section for distribution above,
provided that the following terms are met:

@noindent
(a) The new, derivative work is published under the terms of this
License.

@noindent
(b) The derivative work is given a new name, so that its name or title
cannot be confused with the Work, or with a version of the Work, in any
way.

@noindent
(c) Appropriate authorship credit is given: for the differences
between the Work and the new derivative work, authorship is attributed
to you, while the material sampled or used from the Work remains
attributed to the original Author; appropriate notice must be included
with the new work indicating the nature and the dates of any
modifications of the Work made by you.

@noindent
@strong{5. NO RESTRICTIONS.}

@noindent
You may not impose any further restrictions on the Work or any of its
derivative works beyond those restrictions described in this License.

@noindent
@strong{6. ACCEPTANCE.}

@noindent
Copying, distributing or modifying the Work (including but not limited
to sampling from the Work in a new work) indicates acceptance of these
terms. If you do not follow the terms of this License, any rights
granted to you by the License are null and void. The copying,
distribution or modification of the Work outside of the terms described
in this License is expressly prohibited by law.

@noindent
If for any reason, conditions are imposed on you that forbid you to
fulfill the conditions of this License, you may not copy, distribute or
modify the Work at all.

@noindent
If any part of this License is found to be in conflict with the law,
that part shall be interpreted in its broadest meaning consistent with
the law, and no other parts of the License shall be affected.

@noindent
@strong{7. NO WARRANTY.}

@noindent
THE WORK IS PROVIDED ``AS IS,'' AND COMES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

@noindent
@strong{8. DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY.}

@noindent
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS WORK, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

@noindent
@strong{END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS}


@node Applying DSL, , DSL, License
@comment  node-name,  next,  previous,  up
@appendixsec Applying Copyleft to Your Work
@cindex applying copyleft to your work
@cindex copyleft, applying to your work
@cindex Free Music Philosophy
@cindex Samudrala, Ram
@pindex spell

@noindent
The underlying idea of free software is to help create a society where
people are free, where we have freedom, and where we can share our work
with others; but software is just one part of the digital information we
work with and share in our lives.

The Design Science License is a generalized ``copyleft'' license that
can be applied to any kind of work that is recognized by copyright law.
You can use it to copyleft (make ``Open Source'') @emph{any} kind of
work, not just a computer software program.

In order to copyleft a work, it must exist in machine-readable form
(where identical copies can be made without harm to the original), and
you must be its copyright holder.  If you are the author of a
work, then you automatically hold its copyright; you don't need to
register your work with the @uref{http://www.loc.gov/copyright/faq.html,
copyright office}.

To apply the DSL to your work, do the following:

@itemize @bullet
@item
Use the following text for the work's copyright notice, substituting
@var{Year} and @var{Author} for their appropriate values:

@example
Copyright @copyright{} @var{Year} @var{Your Name}; this information may be copied,
distributed or modified under certain terms and conditions, but it
comes WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; see the Design Science License for more
details.
@end example

@item
Include a copy of the DSL with the distribution of the work.

@item
Include the source data of the work (see the license text itself for the
precise definition) with the distribution, or make it available through
postal mail for a cost not greater than storage media and postage.

In many cases, the source data and the object form of a work will be the
same---this is the case for software programs written in the Perl
language, for example.  But often, the source data will differ from a
given object form.  For example, when the object form is an MP3 format
file made from a WAV format sample of an analog source, the WAV sample
is the source data. For a cropped and manipulated JPEG file of a
photograph obtained from a Kodak PhotoCD, the original PhotoCD file is
the source data.
@end itemize

By copylefting your work in this manner, you can make it available for
the benefit of everyone---all copies and modifications of your work
remain as equally free as the original---while attribution and artistic
integrity is guaranteed.

If you are interested in applying copyleft to your works, you might be
interested in the following sites:

@itemize @bullet
@item
@uref{http://dsl.org/copyleft/, ``Copyleft and 
the Information Renaissance''}, a general copyleft primer and collection
of resources, written and maintained by the author.

@item
@uref{http://ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html, Free Music
Philosophy}, on the free music movement, by Dr. Ram Samudrala.

@item
@uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/, ``What is Copyleft?''}, an
explanation of copyleft as it applies to computer software programs, by
the GNU Project.
@end itemize