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<div class="section" id="how-to-cross-compile-clang-llvm-using-clang-llvm">
<h1>How To Cross-Compile Clang/LLVM using Clang/LLVM<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-cross-compile-clang-llvm-using-clang-llvm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="introduction">
<h2>Introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>This document contains information about building LLVM and
Clang on host machine, targeting another platform.</p>
<p>For more information on how to use Clang as a cross-compiler,
please check <a class="reference external" href="https://clang.llvm.org/docs/CrossCompilation.html">https://clang.llvm.org/docs/CrossCompilation.html</a>.</p>
<p>TODO: Add MIPS and other platforms to this document.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cross-compiling-from-x86-64-to-arm">
<h2>Cross-Compiling from x86_64 to ARM<a class="headerlink" href="#cross-compiling-from-x86-64-to-arm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>In this use case, we’ll be using CMake and Ninja, on a Debian-based Linux
system, cross-compiling from an x86_64 host (most Intel and AMD chips
nowadays) to a hard-float ARM target (most ARM targets nowadays).</p>
<p>The packages you’ll need are:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cmake</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ninja-build</span></code> (from backports in Ubuntu)</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gcc-4.7-arm-linux-gnueabihf</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gcc-4.7-multilib-arm-linux-gnueabihf</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binutils-arm-linux-gnueabihf</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libgcc1-armhf-cross</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libsfgcc1-armhf-cross</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libstdc++6-armhf-cross</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libstdc++6-4.7-dev-armhf-cross</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<div class="section" id="configuring-cmake">
<h3>Configuring CMake<a class="headerlink" href="#configuring-cmake" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>For more information on how to configure CMake for LLVM/Clang,
see <a class="reference internal" href="CMake.html"><span class="doc">Building LLVM with CMake</span></a>.</p>
<p>The CMake options you need to add are:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-DCMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING=True</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=<install-dir></span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-DLLVM_TABLEGEN=<path-to-host-bin>/llvm-tblgen</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-DCLANG_TABLEGEN=<path-to-host-bin>/clang-tblgen</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-DLLVM_DEFAULT_TARGET_TRIPLE=arm-linux-gnueabihf</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-DLLVM_TARGET_ARCH=ARM</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-DLLVM_TARGETS_TO_BUILD=ARM</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>If you’re compiling with GCC, you can use architecture options for your target,
and the compiler driver will detect everything that it needs:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS='-march=armv7-a</span> <span class="pre">-mcpu=cortex-a9</span> <span class="pre">-mfloat-abi=hard'</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>However, if you’re using Clang, the driver might not be up-to-date with your
specific Linux distribution, version or GCC layout, so you’ll need to fudge.</p>
<p>In addition to the ones above, you’ll also need:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'-target</span> <span class="pre">arm-linux-gnueabihf'</span></code> or whatever is the triple of your cross GCC.</p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'--sysroot=/usr/arm-linux-gnueabihf'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'--sysroot=/opt/gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf'</span></code>
or whatever is the location of your GCC’s sysroot (where /lib, /bin etc are).</p></li>
<li><p>Appropriate use of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-I</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-L</span></code>, depending on how the cross GCC is installed,
and where are the libraries and headers.</p></li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>The TableGen options are required to compile it with the host compiler,
so you’ll need to compile LLVM (or at least <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">llvm-tblgen</span></code>) to your host
platform before you start. The CXX flags define the target, cpu (which in this case
defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fpu=VFP3</span></code> with NEON), and forcing the hard-float ABI. If you’re
using Clang as a cross-compiler, you will <em>also</em> have to set <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--sysroot</span></code>
to make sure it picks the correct linker.</p>
<p>When using Clang, it’s important that you choose the triple to be <em>identical</em>
to the GCC triple and the sysroot. This will make it easier for Clang to
find the correct tools and include headers. But that won’t mean all headers and
libraries will be found. You’ll still need to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-I</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-L</span></code> to locate
those extra ones, depending on your distribution.</p>
<p>Most of the time, what you want is to have a native compiler to the
platform itself, but not others. So there’s rarely a point in compiling
all back-ends. For that reason, you should also set the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TARGETS_TO_BUILD</span></code> to only build the back-end you’re targeting to.</p>
<p>You must set the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX</span></code>, otherwise a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ninja</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code>
will copy ARM binaries to your root filesystem, which is not what you
want.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="hacks">
<h3>Hacks<a class="headerlink" href="#hacks" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>There are some bugs in current LLVM, which require some fiddling before
running CMake:</p>
<ol class="arabic">
<li><p>If you’re using Clang as the cross-compiler, there is a problem in
the LLVM ARM back-end that is producing absolute relocations on
position-independent code (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">R_ARM_THM_MOVW_ABS_NC</span></code>), so for now, you
should disable PIC:</p>
<div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>-DLLVM_ENABLE_PIC<span class="o">=</span>False
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This is not a problem, since Clang/LLVM libraries are statically
linked anyway, it shouldn’t affect much.</p>
</li>
<li><p>The ARM libraries won’t be installed in your system.
But the CMake prepare step, which checks for
dependencies, will check the <em>host</em> libraries, not the <em>target</em>
ones. Below there’s a list of some dependencies, but your project could
have more, or this document could be outdated. You’ll see the errors
while linking as an indication of that.</p>
<p>Debian based distros have a way to add <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">multiarch</span></code>, which adds
a new architecture and allows you to install packages for those
systems. See <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO">https://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO</a> for more info.</p>
<p>But not all distros will have that, and possibly not an easy way to
install them in any anyway, so you’ll have to build/download
them separately.</p>
<p>A quick way of getting the libraries is to download them from
a distribution repository, like Debian (<a class="reference external" href="http://packages.debian.org/jessie/">http://packages.debian.org/jessie/</a>),
and download the missing libraries. Note that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libXXX</span></code>
will have the shared objects (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.so</span></code>) and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libXXX-dev</span></code> will
give you the headers and the static (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.a</span></code>) library. Just in
case, download both.</p>
<p>The ones you need for ARM are: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtinfo</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">zlib1g</span></code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libxml2</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">liblzma</span></code>. In the Debian repository you’ll
find downloads for all architectures.</p>
<p>After you download and unpack all <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.deb</span></code> packages, copy all
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.so</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.a</span></code> to a directory, make the appropriate
symbolic links (if necessary), and add the relevant <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-L</span></code>
and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-I</span></code> paths to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS</span></code> above.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="section" id="running-cmake-and-building">
<h3>Running CMake and Building<a class="headerlink" href="#running-cmake-and-building" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>Finally, if you’re using your platform compiler, run:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ cmake -G Ninja <source-dir> <options above>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p>If you’re using Clang as the cross-compiler, run:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ <span class="nv">CC</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'clang'</span> <span class="nv">CXX</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'clang++'</span> cmake -G Ninja <source-dir> <options above>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p>If you have <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clang</span></code>/<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">clang++</span></code> on the path, it should just work, and special
Ninja files will be created in the build directory. I strongly suggest
you to run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cmake</span></code> on a separate build directory, <em>not</em> inside the
source tree.</p>
<p>To build, simply type:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ ninja
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p>It should automatically find out how many cores you have, what are
the rules that needs building and will build the whole thing.</p>
<p>You can’t run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ninja</span> <span class="pre">check-all</span></code> on this tree because the created
binaries are targeted to ARM, not x86_64.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="installing-and-using">
<h3>Installing and Using<a class="headerlink" href="#installing-and-using" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>After the LLVM/Clang has built successfully, you should install it
via:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ ninja install
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p>which will create a sysroot on the install-dir. You can then tar
that directory into a binary with the full triple name (for easy
identification), like:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ ln -sf <install-dir> arm-linux-gnueabihf-clang
$ tar zchf arm-linux-gnueabihf-clang.tar.gz arm-linux-gnueabihf-clang
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p>If you copy that tarball to your target board, you’ll be able to use
it for running the test-suite, for example. Follow the guidelines at
<a class="reference external" href="https://llvm.org/docs/lnt/quickstart.html">https://llvm.org/docs/lnt/quickstart.html</a>, unpack the tarball in the
test directory, and use options:</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="highlight-bash notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ ./sandbox/bin/python sandbox/bin/lnt runtest nt <span class="se">\</span>
--sandbox sandbox <span class="se">\</span>
--test-suite <span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">pwd</span><span class="sb">`</span>/test-suite <span class="se">\</span>
--cc <span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">pwd</span><span class="sb">`</span>/arm-linux-gnueabihf-clang/bin/clang <span class="se">\</span>
--cxx <span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">pwd</span><span class="sb">`</span>/arm-linux-gnueabihf-clang/bin/clang++
</pre></div>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p>Remember to add the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-jN</span></code> options to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lnt</span></code> to the number of CPUs
on your board. Also, the path to your clang has to be absolute, so
you’ll need the <cite>pwd</cite> trick above.</p>
</div>
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