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<div class="SECT1">
<h1 class="SECT1"><a name="AIX">3.3. AIX</a></h1>
<p>This information was supplied by <a href=
"mailto:nitschke@math.unihamburg.de" target="_top">Dirk
Nitschke</a>, as of August 1997, and describes how to install
the <b class="APPLICATION">LPRng</b> package on a workstation
running AIX 4.1.x and possibly 3.x.x as well. Dirk would be
interested in any comments or corrections.</p>
<p>Printing on AIX systems is different. AIX provides a
general queueing facility and printing is only one way to use
it. You submit a print job to a print queue using one of the
commands <tt class="COMMAND">qprt</tt> or <tt class=
"COMMAND">enq</tt>. You can use the BSD or System V printing
commands <b class="APPLICATION">lpr</b> or <b class=
"APPLICATION">lp</b>, too. The <tt class=
"COMMAND">qdaemon</tt> watches all (general) queues and knows
how to handle your job. A (general) queue is defined in the
file <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/qconfig</tt>. The format of
this file is different from the <tt class=
"FILENAME">printcap</tt> format.</p>
<p>OK, how to replace the AIX printing system? There is no
group <tt class="LITERAL">daemon</tt> on AIX. Therefore you
have to change the default group for file ownership and
process permissions or create a <tt class=
"LITERAL">daemon</tt> user and group. We decided to use the
<tt class="LITERAL">printq</tt> group; on reflection it would
have been easier to have created a <tt class=
"LITERAL">daemon</tt> group. The user <tt class=
"LITERAL">daemon</tt> exists on AIX but we have chosen <b
class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> as the user who runs <b class=
"APPLICATION">lpd</b> and all filters and owns the spooling
directories. You can change the values for <tt class=
"LITERAL">group</tt> and <tt class="LITERAL">user</tt> in
your <tt class="FILENAME">lpd.conf</tt> file or in the
sources <tt class="FILENAME">src/common/vars.c</tt>. This is
an example for <tt class="FILENAME">lpd.conf</tt>:</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1523"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
# Purpose: group to run SUID ROOT programs
# default group=daemon
group=printq
# Purpose: server user for SUID purposes
# default user=daemon
user=lpd
</pre>
</div>
Compile and install the <b class="APPLICATION">LPRng</b>
package. Create your <tt class="FILENAME">printcap</tt>,
spooling directories, accounting and logfiles and so on.
Don't forget to use <a href="checkpc.htm">checkpc</a> to make
sure that all the permissions are set correctly and the
necessary files are created.<br>
<br>
<p>Then stop all print queues defined on your workstation.
Use</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1529"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
# chque -q queuename -a "up = FALSE"
</pre>
</div>
for this (yes, blanks around <tt class="LITERAL">=</tt> are
needed).<br>
<br>
<p>If you have local printers attached to your system you
will have an <b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> running. Stop
this daemon using SMIT (Print Spooling, Manage Print Server,
Stop the Print Server Subsystem). Choosing <i class=
"EMPHASIS">both</i> also removes <b class=
"APPLICATION">lpd</b> from <tt class=
"FILENAME">/etc/inittab</tt>. Maybe it's faster to do this by
hand:</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1537"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {75} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>topsrc -p'pid of /usr/sbin/lpd'</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {76} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>rmitab "lpd"</b></tt>
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>Now delete all print queues managed by <tt class=
"LITERAL">qdaemon</tt> defined on your system. You can use
<tt class="COMMAND">SMIT</tt> for this or the commands <tt
class="COMMAND">{mk,ch,rm}que</tt>, <tt class=
"COMMAND">{mk,ch,rm}quedev</tt>, <tt class=
"COMMAND">{mk,ch,rm}virprt</tt>. The <tt class=
"COMMAND">SMIT</tt> fast path is <tt class="COMMAND">smit
rmpq</tt>.</p>
<p>To start the new <b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> at system
startup you have to add an entry to <tt class=
"FILENAME">/etc/inittab</tt>:</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1554"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {77} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>mkitab "lpd:2:once:/full/path/lpd"</b></tt>
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>Some work has to be done if have have a local printer
attached to your workstation. You have to create a device
file like <tt class="FILENAME">/dev/lp0</tt>. The <tt class=
"COMMAND">SMIT</tt> fast path for this is <tt class=
"COMMAND">smit mkdev</tt>. Choose <tt class=
"LITERAL">Printer/Plotter</tt>, then <tt class=
"LITERAL">Printer/Plotter Devices</tt>, then <tt class=
"LITERAL">Add a Printer/Plotter</tt>. To create a parallel
printer device select the following:</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1565"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
Plotter type: opp Other parallel printer
Printer/Plotter Interface: parallel
Parent Adapter: ppa0 Available
</pre>
</div>
Now define the characteristics of the device:
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1567"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
Port Number: p
</pre>
</div>
Option <tt class="LITERAL">p</tt> is for parallel. Go to the
field:
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1570"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
Send all characters to printer UNMODIFIED no
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>and select <tt class="LITERAL">yes</tt>! We have had a lot
of trouble with <tt class="LITERAL">no</tt>. This is very
important! Expect erroneous output if you choose <tt class=
"LITERAL">no</tt>. If you have already created a device file,
change the characteristics! SMIT's fast path is <tt class=
"COMMAND">smit chdev</tt>.</p>
<p>Finally remove all AIX printing commands like <b class=
"APPLICATION">qprt</b>, <b class="APPLICATION">lp</b>, <b
class="APPLICATION">cancel</b>, <b class=
"APPLICATION">lpq</b>, and <b class="APPLICATION">lprm</b>.
You will find a lot of them in <tt class=
"FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt>. Do not remove <b class=
"APPLICATION">enq</b> and friends if you want to use the
general queueing facility.</p>
<p>Now you can start your new <b class=
"APPLICATION">lpd</b>.</p>
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