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<th colspan="3" align="center">LPRng-HOWTO: 1 Apr 2002
(For LPRng-3.8.10)</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="10%" align="left" valign="bottom"><a href=
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<td width="80%" align="center" valign="bottom">Chapter 2.
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<hr align="LEFT" width="100%">
</div>
<div class="SECT1">
<h1 class="SECT1"><a name="UPDATE">2.10. Updating Print
Spooler Software and Startup Scripts</a></h1>
<p>If you are replacing your existing print spooling spooling
system, you must shut down and remove the existing print
spooler software before installing the <b class=
"APPLICATION">LPRng</b> software. This process is fairly
system dependent, and requires a small amount of system
expertise.</p>
<p>To assist in this process the <b class=
"APPLICATION">LPRng</b> installation has a set of <tt class=
"LITERAL">preinstall</tt>, <tt class=
"LITERAL">postinstall</tt>, <tt class=
"LITERAL">preremove</tt>, and <tt class=
"LITERAL">postremove</tt> scripts in the distribution that
may be suitable for your local system use. If these fail to
work during the system installation, you will need to carry
out the steps described here by hand.</p>
<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="AEN1052">2.10.1. SunOS, Linux,
and BSD Derived Systems</a></h2>
<p>The <tt class="LITERAL">SunOS</tt>, <tt class=
"LITERAL">Linux</tt>, and <tt class="LITERAL">BSD</tt>
derived systems such as <tt class="LITERAL">BSDi</tt>, <tt
class="LITERAL">FreeBSD</tt>, <tt class=
"LITERAL">OpenBSD</tt>, and others use a version of the <i
class="EMPHASIS">legacy</i> or <i class=
"EMPHASIS">vintage</i> <b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> print
server and the <b class="APPLICATION">lpr</b>, <b class=
"APPLICATION">lprm</b>, <b class="APPLICATION">lpq</b>, and
<b class="APPLICATION">lpc</b> client programs. By
convention, most of the printing related programs are in
the <tt class="FILENAME">/usr/bin</tt>, <tt class=
"FILENAME">/usr/sbin</tt>, <tt class=
"FILENAME">/usr/libexec</tt>, and <tt class=
"FILENAME">/usr/ucb</tt> directories.</p>
<p>The <b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> print spooler is
started by either the <tt class="COMMAND">rc</tt> startup
script or by a <i class="EMPHASIS">startup script</i> file
in the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/rc.d/init.d</tt> or <tt
class="FILENAME">/etc/init.d</tt> directory. You can first
locate the startup commands as follows.</p>
<ol type="1">
<li>
<p>Use the <span class="CITEREFENTRY"><span class=
"REFENTRYTITLE">find</span>(1)</span> utility to search
the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc</tt> directory for the
file that contains the startup command.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1085"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {23} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>cd /etc</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {24} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>find . -type f -exec grep -l lpd {} \; -print</b></tt>
./rc.local
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>
<p>Examine each of the files found find the one that
starts the <b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> print
spooler. You can simply comment out the command or
change it to start the <b class="APPLICATION">LPRng</b>
<b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> print server.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1096"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {25} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>more /etc/rc.local</b></tt>
if [ -f /etc/printcap -a -f /usr/libexec/lpd ] ; then
/usr/libexec/lpd ;
fi
--- change this to
if [ -f /etc/printcap -a -f /usr/sbin/lpd ] ; then
/usr/sbin/lpd ;
fi
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
</li>
<li>
<p>If you have an existing <tt class=
"FILENAME">printcap</tt> file, then you should either
copy this to the location used by <b class=
"APPLICATION">LPRng</b> or make a symbolic link to
it.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<br>
<br>
<p>Next we kill the currently running <b class=
"APPLICATION">lpd</b> process.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1106"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {26} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>ps -auxw |grep lpd</b></tt>
papowell 23932 0.0 0.3 224 184 p3 S+ 10:40AM 0:00.01 grep lpd
daemon 17763 0.0 0.2 448 120 ?? IWs 29Mar99 0:01.35 (lpd)
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {27} %</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>kill 135</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {28} %</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>kill 135</b></tt>
135: No such process
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>Next, you should remove or rename the existing print
system executables. The following example shows how to use
the <b class="APPLICATION">find</b> utility to track down
candidates.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1116"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {29} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>find /usr -type f -name lp\* -print >/tmp/candidates</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {30} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>find /sbin -type f -name lp\* -print >>/tmp/candidates</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {31} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>cat /tmp/candidates</b></tt>
/usr/bin/lpunlock
/usr/bin/lpqall.faces
/usr/bin/lpq <---- old
/usr/bin/lpr <---- old
/usr/bin/lprm <---- old
/usr/bin/lptest
/usr/doc/samba-1.9.18p10/examples/printer-accounting/lp-acct
/usr/man/man1/lpq.1
/usr/man/man1/lpr.1
/usr/man/man1/lprm.1
/usr/man/man1/lptest.1
/usr/man/man4/lp.4
/usr/man/man8/lpc.8
/usr/man/man8/lpd.8
/usr/sbin/lpc <--- old
/usr/sbin/lpd <--- old
/usr/sbin/lpf <--- old
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {32} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>mv /usr/bin/lpq /usr/bin/lpq.old</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {33} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>mv /usr/bin/lpr /usr/bin/lpr.old</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {34} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>mv /usr/bin/lprm /usr/bin/lprm.old</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {35} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>mv /usr/sbin/lpc /usr/sbin/lpc.old</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {36} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>mv /usr/sbin/lpd /usr/sbin/lpd.old</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {37} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>mv /usr/sbin/lpf /usr/sbin/lpf.old</b></tt>
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>After all this, you should now run <tt class=
"COMMAND">checkpc -f</tt> (as root) to make sure that the
<b class="APPLICATION">LPRng</b> configuration is present
and correctly set up, and then start <b class=
"APPLICATION">lpd</b> by hand. You should try to use <b
class="APPLICATION">lpq</b> to see if the spool queues are
present and set up correctly and the system is
functional.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1142"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {38} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>checkpc -f</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {39} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>lpd</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {40} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>lpq</b></tt>
Printer: lw4@h2 'Hp : LaserWriter'
Queue: no printable jobs in queue
Status: job 'root@h2+884' removed at 11:27:25.864
Filter_status: done at 11:27:25.766
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {41} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>lpr /etc/motd</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {42} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>lpq</b></tt>
Printer: lw4@h2 'Hp : LaserWriter'
Queue: no printable jobs in queue
Status: job 'root@h2+888' removed at 11:27:25.864
Filter_status: done at 11:33:17.020
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>Finally, you should reboot your machine and make sure
that the <b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> print server starts
correctly.</p>
</div>
<div class="SECT2">
<h2 class="SECT2"><a name="SOLARISINSTALL">2.10.2. Solaris,
HP-UX, and other SysVR4 Derived Systems</a></h2>
<p>The original SysVR4 (System V, Release 4) software did
not have any support for RFC1179 network printing (Berkeley
<b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b>). Support for this was added
in a wide variety of different ways. There are a wide range
of different ways that this was done, but most are based on
the following system or process structure.</p>
<p>The <tt class="LITERAL">lpsched</tt> process (<tt class=
"FILENAME">/usr/lib/lp/lpsched/</tt>) process performs many
of the functions of the <b class="APPLICATION">LPRng</b>
and BSD <b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> server. This process
is responsible for overseeing job printing and starting
processes for handling the print queues on the local host.
This process must be shut down and the running print
spooling servers terminated before <b class=
"APPLICATION">LPRng</b> can be correctly installed. While
there is no simple and reliable method of shutting down a
running <tt class="LITERAL">lpsched</tt> process and the
associated network services, it is simple to <i class=
"EMPHASIS">prevent</i> the process from being started.</p>
<p>The <tt class="FILENAME">preinstall.solaris</tt> script
is a file in the <b class="APPLICATION">LPRng</b>
distribution that contains most of the commands needed to
remove the Solaris System V printing software. These are
explained in detail in the sections below. The procedures
outlined below can be used on other SystemVR4 systems.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1171"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
#!/bin/sh
# This is an effort to automate the setup
# needed to install the <b class=
"APPLICATION">LPRng</b> software on the
# Solaris OS. This is effectively a one way path.
# You are warned.
PATH=/etc:/usr/etc:/usr/bin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:$PATH
# remove the init.d entry and links
for i in /etc/rc*.d/*lp ; do
b=`basename $i`;
d=`dirname $i`;
mv $i $d/UNUSED.$b.UNUSED
done
# rename files
renameit () {
for i in $* ; do
if [ -f $i -a '!' -f $i.old ] ; then
echo "renaming $i $i.old";
mv $i $i.old
fi
done
}
renameit /usr/bin/lp /usr/bin/lpstat /usr/sbin/lpadmin \
/usr/sbin/lpfilter /usr/sbin/lpforms /usr/sbin/lpmove \
/usr/sbin/lpshut /usr/sbin/lpsystem /usr/sbin/lpusers \
/usr/ucb/lpc /usr/ucb/lpq /usr/ucb/lpr /usr/ucb/lprm \
/usr/ucb/lptest /usr/lib/lp/lpsched /usr/lib/lp/lpNet
# remove the cron entry
if [ -f /var/spool/cron/crontabs/lp ] ; then
mv /var/spool/cron/crontabs/lp \
/var/spool/cron/UNUSED.crontabs.lp
fi
# comment out inetd.conf entry
if egrep '^printer' /etc/inetd.conf >/dev/null 2>\& ; then
mv /etc/inetd.conf /etc/inetd.conf.bak
sed -e 's/^printer/# printer/' </etc/inetd.conf.bak \
>/etc/inetd.conf
fi
# remove the nlsadmin entry
nlsadmin -r lpd tcp
nlsadmin -r lp tcp
echo REBOOT SYSTEM and then install LPRng
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>First, you will need to remove the <tt class=
"FILENAME">/etc/rc</tt> startup files in the <tt class=
"FILENAME">/etc/rc*.d</tt> directories that start the <tt
class="LITERAL">lpsched</tt> process; see the <tt class=
"LITERAL">init</tt> program man page for details. You can
find these files by using:</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1179"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {43} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>cd /</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {44} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>find . -type f -exec grep -l lpsched {} \; -print >/tmp/files</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {45} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>cat /tmp/files</b></tt>
/etc/rc0.d/K20lp
/etc/rc2.d/K20lp
/etc/rc2.d/S80lp
/etc/init.d/lp
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {46} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>ls -l ` cat /tmp/files `</b></tt>
lrwxrwxr-x 1 root bin 1 Dec 29 23:39 /etc/rc0.d/K20lp -> ../../init.d/lp
lrwxrwxr-x 1 root bin 1 Dec 29 23:39 /etc/rc2.d/K20lp -> ../../init.d/lp
lrwxrwxr-x 1 root bin 1 Dec 29 23:39 /etc/rc2.d/S80lp -> ../../init.d/lp
-rwxr--r-- 5 root sys 460 Sep 1 1998 /etc/rcS.d/K39lp
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>You can remove these files, or simply comment out all of
the executable commands in the <tt class=
"FILENAME">/etc/init.d/lp</tt> file. Next, find all of the
printing related commands and rename them. For example:</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1191"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {47} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>find /usr -type f -name lp\* -print >/etc/printingfiles</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {48} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>cat /tmp/printingfiles</b></tt>
/usr/bin/lp
/usr/bin/lpstat
/usr/lib/lp/bin/lp.cat
/usr/lib/lp/bin/lp.set
/usr/lib/lp/bin/lp.tell
/usr/lib/lp/lpNet
/usr/lib/lp/lpsched
/usr/lib/lp/lpdata
/usr/sbin/lpadmin
/usr/sbin/lpfilter
/usr/sbin/lpforms
/usr/sbin/lpmove
/usr/sbin/lpshut
/usr/sbin/lpsystem
/usr/sbin/lpusers
/usr/ucb/lpc
/usr/ucb/lpq
/usr/ucb/lpr
/usr/ucb/lprm
/usr/ucb/lptest
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {49} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>vi /tmp/printingfiles # remove ones you want to save</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {50} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>for i in ` cat /tmp/printingfiles ` ; do</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">></tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b> if [ -f $i -a '!' -f $i.old ] ; then mv $i $i.old ; fi;</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">></tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>done</b></tt>
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>On some systems there may be a <tt class=
"COMMAND">cron</tt> file <tt class=
"FILENAME">/var/spool/cron/crontabs/lp</tt> which is used
to to periodically update and roll over error logs. You may
want to remove this file or comment out its contents.</p>
<p>Check the <tt class="FILENAME">/etc/inetd.conf</tt> file
for a line like the one below and comment it out. This line
is not present on all systems.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1210"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
printer stream tcp nowait root /usr/lib/print/in.lpd in.lpd
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>Use <tt class="COMMAND">nlsadmin</tt> to force the <tt
class="LITERAL">TCP/IP listener</tt> to release the port,
as illustrated below. This may not be present on all
system.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1215"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {51} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>nlsadmin -v tcp</b></tt>
lpd \x00020203000000000000000000000000 ENABLED \
NORPC root NOMODULES /var/spool/lp/fifos/listenBSD #
0 \x00020ACE000000000000000000000000 ENABLED \
NORPC root NOMODULES /usr/lib/saf/nlps_server #
lp NOADDR ENABLED NORPC root NOMODULES \
/var/spool/lp/fifos/listenS5 #
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {52} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>nlsadmin -r lpd tcp</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {53} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>nlsadmin -r lp tcp</b></tt>
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>Run <tt class="COMMAND">pmadm -l</tt> as shown
below.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1225"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h2.private: {2} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>pmadm -l</b></tt>
PMTAG PMTYPE SVCTAG FLGS ID <PMSPECIFIC>
zsmon ttymon ttya u root /dev/term/a I - /usr/bin/login ...
zsmon ttymon ttyb u root /dev/term/b I - /usr/bin/login ...
</pre>
</div>
If you see <tt class="COMMAND">zsmon</tt> entries for
SystemV <tt class="COMMAND">lpsched</tt> support, then use
<tt class="COMMAND">pmadm -r</tt> to remove them. These may
not be present on all system. See the <tt class=
"COMMAND">pmadm</tt> man page for details on the <tt class=
"LITERAL">-r</tt> literal.<br>
<br>
<p>You must now <tt class="COMMAND">reboot</tt> the
host.</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1236"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {54} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>shutdown -y "Whooga! Whooga! Dive! Dive! System going down."</b></tt>
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>When the system reboots, make sure that there is no
process listening on port 515 (printer port) by using:</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1241"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {55} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>telnet localhost 515</b></tt>
</pre>
</div>
<br>
<br>
<p>If you can connect, then there is a problem beyond the
scope of these instructions.</p>
<p>Compile and/or install the <b class=
"APPLICATION">LPRng</b> software. Make sure that the <b
class="APPLICATION">LPRng</b> startup files have been
installed correctly in <tt class=
"FILENAME">/etc/init.d/lprng</tt> and that the symbolic
links to the file have been made correctly. The <b class=
"APPLICATION">LPRng</b> startup file will usually have the
following contents and you should use the same filename
formats that the <b class="APPLICATION">lp</b> startup
files had for the links to the <tt class=
"FILENAME">/etc/init.d/lprng</tt> startup file:</p>
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1253"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
LPD_PATH=/usr/sbin/lpd
SHOWALL=-e
case "$1" in
start)
# Start daemons.
/bin/echo "Starting lpd: \c"
${LPD_PATH}
/bin/echo ""
;;
stop)
# Stop daemons.
/bin/echo "Shutting down lpd: \c"
kill -INT `ps ${SHOWALL} \
| awk '/lpd/{ print $1;}'` >/dev/null 2>&1
/bin/echo " server stopped";
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
exit 1
;;
esac
</pre>
</div>
Start the <b class="APPLICATION">lpd</b> server and then
test it:
<div class="INFORMALEXAMPLE">
<a name="AEN1256"></a>
<pre class="SCREEN">
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {56} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>checkpc -f</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {57} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>/usr/sbin/lpd (or /usr/local/sbin/lpd)</b></tt>
<tt class="PROMPT">h4: {58} #</tt> <tt class=
"USERINPUT"><b>lpq</b></tt>
Printer: lp
Queue: no printable jobs in queue
</pre>
</div>
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