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|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
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<html>
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<title>Penlight Documentation</title>
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</head>
<body>
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<div id="product">
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<h1>Penlight</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/lunarmodules/Penlight">GitHub Project</a></li>
<li><a href="../index.html">Documentation</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Functions">Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#Fields">Fields</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Libraries</h2>
<ul class="nowrap">
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.html">pl</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.app.html">pl.app</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.array2d.html">pl.array2d</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.class.html">pl.class</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.compat.html">pl.compat</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.comprehension.html">pl.comprehension</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.config.html">pl.config</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.data.html">pl.data</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.dir.html">pl.dir</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.file.html">pl.file</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.func.html">pl.func</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.import_into.html">pl.import_into</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.input.html">pl.input</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.lapp.html">pl.lapp</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.lexer.html">pl.lexer</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.luabalanced.html">pl.luabalanced</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.operator.html">pl.operator</a></li>
<li><strong>pl.path</strong></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.permute.html">pl.permute</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.pretty.html">pl.pretty</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.seq.html">pl.seq</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.sip.html">pl.sip</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.strict.html">pl.strict</a></li>
<li><a href="../libraries/pl.stringio.html">pl.stringio</a></li>
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<li><a href="../libraries/pl.xml.html">pl.xml</a></li>
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<h2>Classes</h2>
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<li><a href="../classes/pl.Date.html">pl.Date</a></li>
<li><a href="../classes/pl.List.html">pl.List</a></li>
<li><a href="../classes/pl.Map.html">pl.Map</a></li>
<li><a href="../classes/pl.MultiMap.html">pl.MultiMap</a></li>
<li><a href="../classes/pl.OrderedMap.html">pl.OrderedMap</a></li>
<li><a href="../classes/pl.Set.html">pl.Set</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Manual</h2>
<ul class="nowrap">
<li><a href="../manual/01-introduction.md.html">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/02-arrays.md.html">Tables and Arrays</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/03-strings.md.html">Strings. Higher-level operations on strings.</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/04-paths.md.html">Paths and Directories</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/05-dates.md.html">Date and Time</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/06-data.md.html">Data</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/07-functional.md.html">Functional Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/08-additional.md.html">Additional Libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/09-discussion.md.html">Technical Choices</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Examples</h2>
<ul class="nowrap">
<li><a href="../examples/seesubst.lua.html">seesubst.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/sipscan.lua.html">sipscan.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/symbols.lua.html">symbols.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/test-cmp.lua.html">test-cmp.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/test-data.lua.html">test-data.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/test-listcallbacks.lua.html">test-listcallbacks.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/test-pretty.lua.html">test-pretty.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/test-symbols.lua.html">test-symbols.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/testclone.lua.html">testclone.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/testconfig.lua.html">testconfig.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/testglobal.lua.html">testglobal.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/testinputfields.lua.html">testinputfields.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/testinputfields2.lua.html">testinputfields2.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/testxml.lua.html">testxml.lua</a></li>
<li><a href="../examples/which.lua.html">which.lua</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="content">
<h1>Module <code>pl.path</code></h1>
<p>Path manipulation and file queries.</p>
<p> This is modelled after Python's os.path library (10.1); see <a href="../manual/04-paths.md.html#">the Guide</a>.</p>
<p> NOTE: the functions assume the paths being dealt with to originate
from the OS the application is running on. Windows drive letters are not
to be used when running on a Unix system for example. The one exception
is Windows paths to allow both forward and backward slashes (since Lua
also accepts those)</p>
<p> Dependencies: <a href="../libraries/pl.utils.html#">pl.utils</a>, <a href="http://stevedonovan.github.io/lua-stdlibs/lfs.html">lfs</a></p>
<h2><a href="#Functions">Functions</a></h2>
<table class="function_list">
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#dir">dir ()</a></td>
<td class="summary">Lua iterator over the entries of a given directory.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#mkdir">mkdir ()</a></td>
<td class="summary">Creates a directory.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#rmdir">rmdir ()</a></td>
<td class="summary">Removes a directory.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#attrib">attrib ()</a></td>
<td class="summary">Gets attributes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#currentdir">currentdir ()</a></td>
<td class="summary">Get the working directory.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#link_attrib">link_attrib ()</a></td>
<td class="summary">Gets symlink attributes.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#chdir">chdir ()</a></td>
<td class="summary">Changes the working directory.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#isdir">isdir (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">is this a directory?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#isfile">isfile (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">is this a file?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#getsize">getsize (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">return size of a file.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#exists">exists (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">does a path exist?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#getatime">getatime (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Return the time of last access as the number of seconds since the epoch.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#getmtime">getmtime (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Return the time of last modification as the number of seconds since the epoch.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#getctime">getctime (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Return the system's ctime as the number of seconds since the epoch.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#splitpath">splitpath (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">given a path, return the directory part and a file part.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#abspath">abspath (P[, pwd])</a></td>
<td class="summary">return an absolute path.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#splitext">splitext (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">given a path, return the root part and the extension part.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#dirname">dirname (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">return the directory part of a path</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#basename">basename (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">return the file part of a path</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#extension">extension (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">get the extension part of a path.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#isabs">isabs (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">is this an absolute path?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#join">join (p1, p2, ...)</a></td>
<td class="summary">return the path resulting from combining the individual paths.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#normcase">normcase (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">normalize the case of a pathname.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#normpath">normpath (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">normalize a path name.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#relpath">relpath (P[, start])</a></td>
<td class="summary">relative path from current directory or optional start point</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#expanduser">expanduser (P)</a></td>
<td class="summary">Replace a starting '~' with the user's home directory.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#tmpname">tmpname ()</a></td>
<td class="summary">Return a suitable full path to a new temporary file name.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#common_prefix">common_prefix (path1, path2)</a></td>
<td class="summary">return the largest common prefix path of two paths.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#package_path">package_path (mod)</a></td>
<td class="summary">return the full path where a particular Lua module would be found.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<h2><a href="#Fields">Fields</a></h2>
<table class="function_list">
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#is_windows">is_windows</a></td>
<td class="summary">are we running Windows?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#sep">sep</a></td>
<td class="summary">path separator for this platform.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="name" nowrap><a href="#dirsep">dirsep</a></td>
<td class="summary">separator for PATH for this platform</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br/>
<br/>
<h2 class="section-header "><a name="Functions"></a>Functions</h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt>
<a name = "dir"></a>
<strong>dir ()</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Lua iterator over the entries of a given directory.
Implicit link to <a href="https://keplerproject.github.io/luafilesystem/manual.html#reference"><code>luafilesystem.dir</code></a>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "mkdir"></a>
<strong>mkdir ()</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Creates a directory.
Implicit link to <a href="https://keplerproject.github.io/luafilesystem/manual.html#reference"><code>luafilesystem.mkdir</code></a>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "rmdir"></a>
<strong>rmdir ()</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Removes a directory.
Implicit link to <a href="https://keplerproject.github.io/luafilesystem/manual.html#reference"><code>luafilesystem.rmdir</code></a>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "attrib"></a>
<strong>attrib ()</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Gets attributes.
Implicit link to <a href="https://keplerproject.github.io/luafilesystem/manual.html#reference"><code>luafilesystem.attributes</code></a>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "currentdir"></a>
<strong>currentdir ()</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Get the working directory.
Implicit link to <a href="https://keplerproject.github.io/luafilesystem/manual.html#reference"><code>luafilesystem.currentdir</code></a>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "link_attrib"></a>
<strong>link_attrib ()</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Gets symlink attributes.
Implicit link to <a href="https://keplerproject.github.io/luafilesystem/manual.html#reference"><code>luafilesystem.symlinkattributes</code></a>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "chdir"></a>
<strong>chdir ()</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Changes the working directory.
On Windows, if a drive is specified, it also changes the current drive. If
only specifying the drive, it will only switch drive, but not modify the path.
Implicit link to <a href="https://keplerproject.github.io/luafilesystem/manual.html#reference"><code>luafilesystem.chdir</code></a>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "isdir"></a>
<strong>isdir (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
is this a directory?
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "isfile"></a>
<strong>isfile (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
is this a file?
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "getsize"></a>
<strong>getsize (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
return size of a file.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "exists"></a>
<strong>exists (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
does a path exist?
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
the file path if it exists (either as file, directory, socket, etc), nil otherwise
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "getatime"></a>
<strong>getatime (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Return the time of last access as the number of seconds since the epoch.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "getmtime"></a>
<strong>getmtime (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Return the time of last modification as the number of seconds since the epoch.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "getctime"></a>
<strong>getctime (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Return the system's ctime as the number of seconds since the epoch.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "splitpath"></a>
<strong>splitpath (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
given a path, return the directory part and a file part.
if there's no directory part, the first value will be empty
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<li>
directory part</li>
<li>
file part</li>
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre class="example"><span class="keyword">local</span> dir, file = path.<span class="function-name">splitpath</span>(<span class="string">"some/dir/myfile.txt"</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(dir == <span class="string">"some/dir"</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(file == <span class="string">"myfile.txt"</span>)
<span class="keyword">local</span> dir, file = path.<span class="function-name">splitpath</span>(<span class="string">"some/dir/"</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(dir == <span class="string">"some/dir"</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(file == <span class="string">""</span>)
<span class="keyword">local</span> dir, file = path.<span class="function-name">splitpath</span>(<span class="string">"some_dir"</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(dir == <span class="string">""</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(file == <span class="string">"some_dir"</span>)</pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "abspath"></a>
<strong>abspath (P[, pwd])</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
return an absolute path.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">pwd</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
optional start path to use (default is current dir)
(<em>optional</em>)
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "splitext"></a>
<strong>splitext (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
given a path, return the root part and the extension part.
if there's no extension part, the second value will be empty
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
root part (everything upto the "."", maybe empty)</li>
<li>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
extension part (including the ".", maybe empty)</li>
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre class="example"><span class="keyword">local</span> file_path, ext = path.<span class="function-name">splitext</span>(<span class="string">"/bonzo/dog_stuff/cat.txt"</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(file_path == <span class="string">"/bonzo/dog_stuff/cat"</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(ext == <span class="string">".txt"</span>)
<span class="keyword">local</span> file_path, ext = path.<span class="function-name">splitext</span>(<span class="string">""</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(file_path == <span class="string">""</span>)
<span class="global">assert</span>(ext == <span class="string">""</span>)</pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "dirname"></a>
<strong>dirname (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
return the directory part of a path
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
everything before the last dir-separator
</ol>
<h3>See also:</h3>
<ul>
<a href="../libraries/pl.path.html#splitpath">splitpath</a>
</ul>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre class="example">path.<span class="function-name">dirname</span>(<span class="string">"/some/path/file.txt"</span>) <span class="comment">-- "/some/path"
</span>path.<span class="function-name">dirname</span>(<span class="string">"file.txt"</span>) <span class="comment">-- "" (empty string)</span></pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "basename"></a>
<strong>basename (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
return the file part of a path
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
</ol>
<h3>See also:</h3>
<ul>
<a href="../libraries/pl.path.html#splitpath">splitpath</a>
</ul>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre class="example">path.<span class="function-name">basename</span>(<span class="string">"/some/path/file.txt"</span>) <span class="comment">-- "file.txt"
</span>path.<span class="function-name">basename</span>(<span class="string">"/some/path/file/"</span>) <span class="comment">-- "" (empty string)</span></pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "extension"></a>
<strong>extension (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
get the extension part of a path.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
</ol>
<h3>See also:</h3>
<ul>
<a href="../libraries/pl.path.html#splitext">splitext</a>
</ul>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre class="example">path.<span class="function-name">extension</span>(<span class="string">"/some/path/file.txt"</span>) <span class="comment">-- ".txt"
</span>path.<span class="function-name">extension</span>(<span class="string">"/some/path/file_txt"</span>) <span class="comment">-- "" (empty string)</span></pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "isabs"></a>
<strong>isabs (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
is this an absolute path?
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre class="example">path.<span class="function-name">isabs</span>(<span class="string">"hello/path"</span>) <span class="comment">-- false
</span>path.<span class="function-name">isabs</span>(<span class="string">"/hello/path"</span>) <span class="comment">-- true
</span><span class="comment">-- Windows;
</span>path.<span class="function-name">isabs</span>(<span class="string">"hello\path"</span>) <span class="comment">-- false
</span>path.<span class="function-name">isabs</span>(<span class="string">"\hello\path"</span>) <span class="comment">-- true
</span>path.<span class="function-name">isabs</span>(<span class="string">"C:\hello\path"</span>) <span class="comment">-- true
</span>path.<span class="function-name">isabs</span>(<span class="string">"C:hello\path"</span>) <span class="comment">-- false</span></pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "join"></a>
<strong>join (p1, p2, ...)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
return the path resulting from combining the individual paths.
if the second (or later) path is absolute, we return the last absolute path (joined with any non-absolute paths following).
empty elements (except the last) will be ignored.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">p1</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">p2</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">...</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
more file paths
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
the combined path
</ol>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre class="example">path.<span class="function-name">join</span>(<span class="string">"/first"</span>,<span class="string">"second"</span>,<span class="string">"third"</span>) <span class="comment">-- "/first/second/third"
</span>path.<span class="function-name">join</span>(<span class="string">"first"</span>,<span class="string">"second/third"</span>) <span class="comment">-- "first/second/third"
</span>path.<span class="function-name">join</span>(<span class="string">"/first"</span>,<span class="string">"/second"</span>,<span class="string">"third"</span>) <span class="comment">-- "/second/third"</span></pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "normcase"></a>
<strong>normcase (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
<p>normalize the case of a pathname. On Unix, this returns the path unchanged,
for Windows it converts;</p>
<ul>
<li>the path to lowercase</li>
<li>forward slashes to backward slashes</li>
</ul>
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Usage:</h3>
<ul>
<pre class="example">path.<span class="function-name">normcase</span>(<span class="string">"/Some/Path/File.txt"</span>)
<span class="comment">-- Windows: "\some\path\file.txt"
</span><span class="comment">-- Others : "/Some/Path/File.txt"</span></pre>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "normpath"></a>
<strong>normpath (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
normalize a path name.
<code>A//B</code>, <code>A/./B</code>, and <code>A/foo/../B</code> all become <code>A/B</code>.</p>
<p> An empty path results in '.'.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
a file path
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "relpath"></a>
<strong>relpath (P[, start])</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
relative path from current directory or optional start point
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
a path
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">start</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
optional start point (default current directory)
(<em>optional</em>)
</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "expanduser"></a>
<strong>expanduser (P)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Replace a starting '~' with the user's home directory.
In windows, if HOME isn't set, then USERPROFILE is used in preference to
HOMEDRIVE HOMEPATH. This is guaranteed to be writeable on all versions of Windows.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">P</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
A file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
The file path with the <code>~</code> prefix substituted, or the input path if it had no prefix.
</ol>
<h3>Or</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<span class="types"><span class="type">nil</span></span>
</li>
<li>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
Error message if the environment variables were unavailable.</li>
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "tmpname"></a>
<strong>tmpname ()</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
Return a suitable full path to a new temporary file name.
unlike os.tmpname(), it always gives you a writeable path (uses TEMP environment variable on Windows)
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "common_prefix"></a>
<strong>common_prefix (path1, path2)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
return the largest common prefix path of two paths.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">path1</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
a file path
</li>
<li><span class="parameter">path2</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
a file path
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
the common prefix (Windows: separators will be normalized, casing will be original)
</ol>
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "package_path"></a>
<strong>package_path (mod)</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
return the full path where a particular Lua module would be found.
Both package.path and package.cpath is searched, so the result may
either be a Lua file or a shared library.
<h3>Parameters:</h3>
<ul>
<li><span class="parameter">mod</span>
<span class="types"><a class="type" href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#6.4">string</a></span>
name of the module
</li>
</ul>
<h3>Returns:</h3>
<ol>
<li>
on success: path of module, lua or binary</li>
<li>
on error: nil, error string listing paths tried</li>
</ol>
</dd>
</dl>
<h2 class="section-header "><a name="Fields"></a>Fields</h2>
<dl class="function">
<dt>
<a name = "is_windows"></a>
<strong>is_windows</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
are we running Windows?
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "sep"></a>
<strong>sep</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
path separator for this platform.
</dd>
<dt>
<a name = "dirsep"></a>
<strong>dirsep</strong>
</dt>
<dd>
separator for PATH for this platform
</dd>
</dl>
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