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<h1>Penlight</h1>
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<li><a href="https://github.com/lunarmodules/Penlight">GitHub Project</a></li>
<li><a href="../index.html">Documentation</a></li>
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<h2>Contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Creating_and_Displaying_Dates">Creating and Displaying Dates </a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Manual</h2>
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<li><a href="../manual/01-introduction.md.html">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/02-arrays.md.html">Tables and Arrays</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/03-strings.md.html">Strings. Higher-level operations on strings.</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/04-paths.md.html">Paths and Directories</a></li>
<li><strong>Date and Time</strong></li>
<li><a href="../manual/06-data.md.html">Data</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/07-functional.md.html">Functional Programming</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/08-additional.md.html">Additional Libraries</a></li>
<li><a href="../manual/09-discussion.md.html">Technical Choices</a></li>
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<h2>Date and Time</h2>
<p><a id="date"></a></p>
<p>NOTE: the Date module is deprecated</p>
<p><a name="Creating_and_Displaying_Dates"></a></p>
<h3>Creating and Displaying Dates</h3>
<p>The <a href="../classes/pl.Date.html#">Date</a> class provides a simplified way to work with <a href="http://www.lua.org/pil/22.1.html">date and
time</a> in Lua; it leans heavily on the functions
<a href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#pdf-os.date">os.date</a> and <a href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</a>.</p>
<p>A <a href="../classes/pl.Date.html#">Date</a> object can be constructed from a table, just like with <a href="https://www.lua.org/manual/5.4/manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</a>.
Methods are provided to get and set the various parts of the date.</p>
<pre>
> d = <span class="function-name">Date</span> {year = <span class="number">2011</span>, month = <span class="number">3</span>, day = <span class="number">2</span> }
> = d
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">03</span>-<span class="number">02</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = d:<span class="function-name">month</span>(),d:<span class="function-name">year</span>(),d:<span class="function-name">day</span>()
<span class="number">3</span> <span class="number">2011</span> <span class="number">2</span>
> d:<span class="function-name">month</span>(<span class="number">4</span>)
> = d
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">04</span>-<span class="number">02</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> d:<span class="function-name">add</span> {day=<span class="number">1</span>}
> = d
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">04</span>-<span class="number">03</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
</pre>
<p><code>add</code> takes a table containing one of the date table fields.</p>
<pre>
> = d:<span class="function-name">weekday_name</span>()
Sun
> = d:<span class="function-name">last_day</span>()
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">04</span>-<span class="number">30</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = d:<span class="function-name">month_name</span>(<span class="keyword">true</span>)
April
</pre>
<p>There is a default conversion to text for date objects, but <a href="../classes/pl.Date.html#Date.Format">Date.Format</a> gives
you full control of the format for both parsing and displaying dates:</p>
<pre>
> iso = Date.<span class="function-name">Format</span> <span class="string">'yyyy-mm-dd'</span>
> d = iso:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'2010-04-10'</span>
> amer = Date.<span class="function-name">Format</span> <span class="string">'mm/dd/yyyy'</span>
> = amer:<span class="global">tostring</span>(d)
<span class="number">04</span>/<span class="number">10</span>/<span class="number">2010</span>
</pre>
<p>With the 0.9.7 release, the <a href="../classes/pl.Date.html#">Date</a> constructor has become more flexible. You may
omit any of the 'year', 'month' or 'day' fields:</p>
<pre>
> = <span class="function-name">Date</span> { year = <span class="number">2008</span> }
<span class="number">2008</span>-<span class="number">01</span>-<span class="number">01</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = <span class="function-name">Date</span> { month = <span class="number">3</span> }
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">03</span>-<span class="number">01</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = <span class="function-name">Date</span> { day = <span class="number">20</span> }
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">10</span>-<span class="number">20</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = <span class="function-name">Date</span> { hour = <span class="number">14</span>, min = <span class="number">30</span> }
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">10</span>-<span class="number">13</span> <span class="number">14</span>:<span class="number">30</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
</pre>
<p>If 'year' is omitted, then the current year is assumed, and likewise for 'month'.</p>
<p>To set the time on such a partial date, you can use the fact that the 'setter'
methods return the date object and so you can 'chain' these methods.</p>
<pre>
> d = <span class="function-name">Date</span> { day = <span class="number">03</span> }
> = d:<span class="function-name">hour</span>(<span class="number">18</span>):<span class="function-name">min</span>(<span class="number">30</span>)
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">10</span>-<span class="number">03</span> <span class="number">18</span>:<span class="number">30</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
</pre>
<p>Finally, <a href="../classes/pl.Date.html#">Date</a> also now accepts positional arguments:</p>
<pre>
> = <span class="function-name">Date</span>(<span class="number">2011</span>,<span class="number">10</span>,<span class="number">3</span>)
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">10</span>-<span class="number">03</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = <span class="function-name">Date</span>(<span class="number">2011</span>,<span class="number">10</span>,<span class="number">3</span>,<span class="number">18</span>,<span class="number">30</span>,<span class="number">23</span>)
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">10</span>-<span class="number">03</span> <span class="number">18</span>:<span class="number">30</span>:<span class="number">23</span>
</pre>
<p><code>Date.format</code> has been extended. If you construct an instance without a pattern,
then it will try to match against a set of known formats. This is useful for
human-input dates since keeping to a strict format is not one of the strong
points of users. It assumes that there will be a date, and then a date.</p>
<pre>
> df = Date.<span class="function-name">Format</span>()
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'5.30pm'</span>
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">10</span>-<span class="number">13</span> <span class="number">17</span>:<span class="number">30</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'1730'</span>
<span class="keyword">nil</span> day out of range: <span class="number">1730</span> is <span class="keyword">not</span> between <span class="number">1</span> <span class="keyword">and</span> <span class="number">31</span>
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'17.30'</span>
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">10</span>-<span class="number">13</span> <span class="number">17</span>:<span class="number">30</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'mar'</span>
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">03</span>-<span class="number">01</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'3 March'</span>
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">03</span>-<span class="number">03</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'15 March'</span>
<span class="number">2011</span>-<span class="number">03</span>-<span class="number">15</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'15 March 2008'</span>
<span class="number">2008</span>-<span class="number">03</span>-<span class="number">15</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'15 March 2008 1.30pm'</span>
<span class="number">2008</span>-<span class="number">03</span>-<span class="number">15</span> <span class="number">13</span>:<span class="number">30</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'2008-10-03 15:30:23'</span>
<span class="number">2008</span>-<span class="number">10</span>-<span class="number">03</span> <span class="number">15</span>:<span class="number">30</span>:<span class="number">23</span>
</pre>
<p>ISO date format is of course a good idea if you need to deal with users from
different countries. Here is the default behaviour for 'short' dates:</p>
<pre>
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'24/02/12'</span>
<span class="number">2012</span>-<span class="number">02</span>-<span class="number">24</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
</pre>
<p>That's not what Americans expect! It's tricky to work out in a cross-platform way
exactly what the expected format is, so there is an explicit flag:</p>
<pre>
> df:<span class="function-name">US_order</span>(<span class="keyword">true</span>)
> = df:<span class="function-name">parse</span> <span class="string">'9/11/01'</span>
<span class="number">2001</span>-<span class="number">11</span>-<span class="number">09</span> <span class="number">12</span>:<span class="number">00</span>:<span class="number">00</span>
</pre>
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