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% AIP (style option to ARTICLE) for American Institute of Physics journals
% AIP DOCUMENT SUBSTYLE -- released 17 January 1989
% Written by Charles Karney (Karney@ccc.nmfecc.gov).
% This document style is designed for manuscripts to be submitted to
% one of the journals published by the Americal Institute of Physics.
% To use this give AIP as an optional argument to \documentstyle. The
% main style should be ARTICLE. E.g.,
% \documentstyle[12pt,aip]{article}
% This provides
% (1) Section numbering for AIP journals (e.g., II.B.2.)
% (2) Superscript reference numbers in citation and bibliography. You
% should put the references in the logically correct place, e.g., "... as
% is given by Landau \cite{landau}. Next sentence ..." \cite takes care
% of removing the preceding spaces and putting the reference after the
% punctuation (e.g, "... Landau.$^7$ ...").
% (3) Three or more consecutive reference numbers are represented as a
% range. Thus 1,3,4,5,6,8,9 is printed as 1,3--6,8,9. No sorting is
% performed; i.e., 1,3,2 is printed as such.
% (4) \citenum and \citea give you more control over the appearance of
% the citations. \citenum emits the plain citation number without
% ornament as in "... as shown in Ref.~\citenum{foo}.". \citea puts it's
% argument into the ornamentation for citations. Thus \cite{foo} is
% equivalent to \citea{\citenum{foo}}.
% (5) The \maketitle command puts the "date" at the top. Typical usage is
% \begin{document}
% \date{PPPL--2128 (1984)}
% \title{Efficiency of Current Drive by Fast Waves}
% \author{Charles F. F. Karney and Nathaniel J. Fisch\\
% Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University\\Princeton, NJ 08543}
% \maketitle
% \begin{abstract}
% etc.
% (6) Abstract appears full size. Abstract is labeled ``Abstract'' unless
% the ``abstract*'' environment is used. Section I begins on a new page.
% (7) First paragraph of sections, etc., is normally indented.
% (8) In appendices equations are numbered as B2 etc.
% (9) Appendix appears in the section title for appendices. A period is
% put after the section or appendix number. E.g., I. Introduction.
% (10) The ``thefigures'' and ``thetables'' environments are defined
% analogously to ``thebibliography''. This allows you the put the figure
% captions and tables at the end of the document. The entries are
% preceded by \figitem{<label>} and \tableitem{<label>} respectively.
% (This doesn't interfer with LaTeX's figure and table environments for
% inserting figures within the text.) ``thefigures'' is used as follows:
% \begin{thefigures}{99}
% \figitem{coords} The coordinate system used in this work.
% etc.
% \end{thefigures}
% Figures and tables are refered to by the \ref mechanism. E.g.,
% Fig.~\ref{coords}.
% The starred versions of these environments, e.g., ``thefigures*'' causes
% the heading to appear in the singular, i.e., ``Figure'' instead of
% ``Figures''.
% (11) The first appendix, the references, figure captions, and tables
% all start on on new pages.
% (12) \appendix* causes the appendices to be unnumbered. This is normally
% only sensible if you have just one appendix. It is labeled ``Appendix.''
% instead of ``Appendix A.'' The equation numbered are still labeled A3 etc.
\typeout{Document Substyle 'AIP'. Released 17 January 1989}
\def\thesection {\Roman{section}}
\def\thesubsection {\Alph{subsection}}
\def\thesubsubsection {\arabic{subsubsection}}
\def\thebibliography#1{\par\clearpage\section*{References\@mkboth
{REFERENCES}{REFERENCES}}\list
{$\m@th^{\arabic{enumi}}$}{\settowidth\labelwidth{$\m@th^{#1}$}%
\labelsep0pt\leftmargin\parindent
\itemindent-\leftmargin\advance\itemindent\labelwidth
\usecounter{enumi}}
\def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus -.07em}
\sloppy
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
% Superscript citations -- skip optional arg to \cite
% Move citation after period and comma.
\def\@cite#1#2{\unskip\nobreak\relax
\def\@tempa{$\m@th^{\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #1}}$}%
\futurelet\@tempc\@citexx}
\def\@citexx{\ifx.\@tempc\let\@tempd=\@citepunct\else
\ifx,\@tempc\let\@tempd=\@citepunct\else
\let\@tempd=\@tempa\fi\fi\@tempd}
\def\@citepunct{\@tempc\edef\@sf{\spacefactor=\the\spacefactor\relax}\@tempa
\@sf\@gobble}
% \citenum emits the plain citation number without ornament
% \citea puts it's argument into the ornamentation for citations
% thus \cite{foo} is equivalent to \citea{\citenum{foo}}
\def\citenum#1{{\def\@cite##1##2{##1}\cite{#1}}}
\def\citea#1{\@cite{#1}{}}
% Collapse citation numbers to ranges. Non-numeric and undefined labels
% are handled. No sorting is done. E.g., 1,3,2,3,4,5,foo,1,2,3,?,4,5
% gives 1,3,2-5,foo,1-3,?,4,5
\newcount\@tempcntc
\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
\@tempcnta\z@\@tempcntb\m@ne\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
{\@ifundefined
{b@\@citeb}{\@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citea\def\@citea{,}{\bf ?}\@warning
{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\setbox\z@\hbox{\global\@tempcntc0\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname\relax}%
\ifnum\@tempcntc=\z@ \@citeo\@tempcntb\m@ne
\@citea\def\@citea{,}\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}%
\else
\advance\@tempcntb\@ne
\ifnum\@tempcntb=\@tempcntc
\else\advance\@tempcntb\m@ne\@citeo
\@tempcnta\@tempcntc\@tempcntb\@tempcntc\fi\fi}}\@citeo}{#1}}
\def\@citeo{\ifnum\@tempcnta>\@tempcntb\else\@citea\def\@citea{,}%
\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb\the\@tempcnta\else
{\advance\@tempcnta\@ne\ifnum\@tempcnta=\@tempcntb \else \def\@citea{--}\fi
\advance\@tempcnta\m@ne\the\@tempcnta\@citea\the\@tempcntb}\fi\fi}
% Title page
\def\@maketitle{\newpage
\null
\vskip 1em plus 2em minus 1em % Vertical space before date.
\ifx\@date\@empty\else
\begin{flushright}
{\normalsize \@date} % Date set in \large size.
\end{flushright}
\vskip 2em plus 2em minus 1em % Vertical space above title.
\fi
\begin{center}
{\Large\bf \@title \par} % Title set in \Large size.
\vskip 1.5em plus 0em minus .5em % Vertical space after title.
{\large % each author set in \large, in a
\lineskip .5em plus 0em minus .3em % tabular environment
\begin{tabular}[t]{c}\@author
\end{tabular}\par}
\end{center}
\par
\vskip 1.5em plus .5em minus .5em} % Vertical space after author.
\newif\if@starvariant \@starvariantfalse
\def\abstract{\if@starvariant\else\section*{Abstract}\fi}
\def\endabstract{\par\clearpage}
\@namedef{abstract*}{\@starvarianttrue\abstract}
\@namedef{endabstract*}{\endabstract}
\parskip 1.5pt plus 1.5pt % Extra vertical space between paragraphs.
\tabcolsep 12pt % Double column separation in tables
\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus
.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{3.25ex plus 1ex minus
.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\large\bf}}
\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{3.25ex plus
1ex minus .2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\newif\if@numbersec \@numbersectrue
\def\appendix{\par\clearpage
\setcounter{section}{0}
\setcounter{subsection}{0}
\@addtoreset{equation}{section}
\def\theequation{\thesection\arabic{equation}}
\def\thesection{\Alph{section}}
\def\thesubsection{\arabic{subsection}}
\@ifstar{\def\@sectname{Appendix}\@numbersecfalse}
{\def\@sectname{Appendix~}\@numbersectrue}}
% Figures
\def\thefigures#1{\par\clearpage
\if@starvariant\section*{Figure\@mkboth
{FIGURE}{FIGURE}}\else
\section*{Figures\@mkboth
{FIGURES}{FIGURES}}\fi
\list
{FIG.~\arabic{enumi}.}{\labelwidth\parindent\advance\labelwidth -\labelsep
\leftmargin\parindent\usecounter{enumi}}}
\def\figitem#1{\item\label{#1}}
\let\endthefigures=\endlist
\@namedef{thefigures*}{\@starvarianttrue\thefigures}
\@namedef{endthefigures*}{\endthefigures}
% Tables
\def\thetables#1{\par\clearpage
\if@starvariant\section*{Table\@mkboth
{TABLE}{TABLE}}\else
\section*{Tables\@mkboth
{TABLES}{TABLES}}\fi
\list
{TABLE~\Roman{enumi}.}{\labelwidth-\labelsep
\leftmargin0pt\usecounter{enumi}%
\def\theenumi{\Roman{enumi}}}}
\def\tableitem#1{\item\label{#1}}
\let\endthetables=\endlist
\@namedef{thetables*}{\@starvarianttrue\thetables}
\@namedef{endthetables*}{\endthetables}
% Put period after section number and allow for APPENDIX prefix.
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
\def\@svsec{}\else
\refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\ifnum #2=1 \@sectname
\if@numbersec\csname the#1\endcsname\fi.\else
\csname the#1\endcsname.\fi
\hskip 1em }\fi
\@tempskipa #5\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
\begingroup #6\relax
\@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M #8\par}
\endgroup
\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
#7}\else
\def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
{#7}\addcontentsline
{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
#7}}\fi
\@xsect{#5}}
\def\@sectname{}
\endinput
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