.\" (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de)
.\"
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
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.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
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.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\" License.
.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 19:27:50 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Mon Aug 30 22:02:34 1995 by Jim Van Zandt <jrv@vanzandt.mv.com>
.\"  longindex is a pointer, has_arg can take 3 values, using consistent
.\"  names for optstring and longindex, "\n" in formats fixed.  Documenting
.\"  opterr and getopt_long_only.  Clarified explanations (borrowing heavily
.\"  from the source code).
.\" Modified 8 May 1998 by Joseph S. Myers (jsm28@cam.ac.uk)
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1998 NAKANO Takeo all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Wed 12 Aug 1998 by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Sat Aug 21 1999
.\"       by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Sun Jul  1 13:13:52 JST 2001
.\"       by Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
.\"
.\"WORD:	argv-element		argv 
.\"
.TH GETOPT 3  1998-05-08 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
getopt \- ޥɥ饤󥪥ץ᤹
.SH 
.nf
.B #include <unistd.h>
.sp
.BI "int getopt(int " argc ", char * const " argv[] ,
.BI "           const char *" optstring );
.sp
.BI "extern char *" optarg ;
.BI "extern int " optind ", " opterr ", " optopt ;
.sp
.B #define _GNU_SOURCE
.br
.B #include <getopt.h>
.sp
.BI "int getopt_long(int " argc ", char * const " argv[] ,
.BI "           const char *" optstring ,
.BI "           const struct option *" longopts ", int *" longindex );
.sp
.BI "int getopt_long_only(int " argc ", char * const " argv[] ,
.BI "           const char *" optstring ,
.BI "           const struct option *" longopts ", int *" longindex );
.fi
.SH 
.B getopt()
ؿϥޥɥ饤᤹롣
.B getopt()
Ȥ
.I argc

.I argv
ϡ줾ץεư
.B main()
ؿϤ줿θĿǤ롣
\fIargv\fP ǤΤ `\-' ǻϤޤ ( `\-' ñȤ `\-\-' 
Ϥʤ) ϥץ (option element) Ȥߤʤ롣
Ƭ `\-' ʸϥץʸ (option character) Ȥ롣
\fBgetopt()\fP ϡ֤ƤӽФ뤴ȤˡΥץʸ֤
.PP
ʥץʸ򸫤Ĥȡ \fBgetopt()\fP Ϥʸ֤
ѿ \fIoptind\fP ȥƥåѿ \fInextchar\fP 򹹿롣
ˤäơ \fBgetopt()\fP ϼθƤӽФκݤˡʹߤΥץ
ʸ \fIargv\fP ǤΥ³Ǥ롣
.PP
ץʸʾ師Ĥʤʤȡ \fBgetopt()\fP  
\-1 ֤ \fIoptind\fP ϡ \fIargv\fP ǤΤ
ץǤʤǽǤ򼨤褦ˤʤ롣
.PP
.I optstring
ϼդ륪ץʸʤʸǤ롣ʸΤȤ˥
 (:) ֤ƤϡץˤϰɬפǤ뤳Ȥ
ΤȤ \fBgetopt\fP ϡܤƤ
\fIargv\fP Ǥǡץʸ˰³ƥȤؤΥݥ󥿤
뤤ϼ \fIargv\fP ǤΥƥȤؤΥݥ󥿤
.I optarg
롣
2 Ϣ³ƥ֤ƤϡΥץϰȤäƤ
ȤʤƤ褤ߤ \fIargv\fP Ǥ˥ƥȤС줬 
\fIoptarg\fP ֤롣ʤ \fIoptarg\fP  0 ˤ롣
 GNU ˤĥǤ롣
.I optstring

.B W
Ȥ³ߥäƤȡ
.B \-W foo
Ĺץ
.B \-\-foo
Ʊ褦˰롣
(POSIX.2 
.B \-W
ץ¸γĥȤͽ󤷤Ƥ롣)
ư GNU ˤĥǤꡢ GNU libc 2 Υ饤֥Ǥ
ѤǤʤ
.PP
ǥեȤǤ \fBgetopt()\fP  \fIargv\fP 򥹥󤹤ݤ˽
ץʳǤǸ˰ư롣¾ˤĤΥ⡼ɤ
Ƥ롣 \fIoptstring\fP Ƭʸ `+' Ǥ뤫Ķѿ 
POSIXLY_CORRECT ꤵƤˤϡץоݤȤưϡ
󥪥ץΰ줿ʳǽλ롣 \fIoptstring\fP κǽ
Ƭʸ `\-' ǤˤϡץǤʤ \fIargv\fP Ǥϡ
ʸ 1 ΥץǤ뤫Τ褦˰ (Ѥץϡ
ץ \fIargv\fP ǤǤդνǼ졢Ĥν
̣Ĥ褦˽񤫤Ƥɬפ) `\-\-' üʰǡ
Υ⡼ɤˤ餺ץΥŪ˽λ롣
.PP
ץʸǧʤäˤϡ \fBgetopt()\fP ϥ顼å
ɸϤɽʸ \fIoptopt\fP ¸ `?' ֤
ƤӽФץ \fIopterr\fP  0 ˤƤС顼å
ɽǤ롣
.PP
.B getopt_long()
ؿϡĹץ (ĤΥå `\-\-' ǻϤޤ륪ץ) 
뤳Ȥ
.B getopt()
Ʊ褦ư롣Ĺץ̾ϡ¾ȽŤʤʤϰϤˤ
ṳ̂Ǥ롣뤤줿ץΤ˥ޥåΤǤ
() ޤʤ
Ĺץϰ뤳ȤǤ
.B \-\-arg=param
ޤ
.B "\-\-arg param"
ȸǻꤹ롣
.PP
.I longopts

.B struct option
ǤʤΡƬǤؤΥݥ󥿤Ǥ롣
.B struct option

.B <getopt.h>
ǰʲΤ褦Ƥ롣
.nf
.sp
.in 10
struct option {
.in 14
const char *name;
int has_arg;
int *flag;
int val;
.in 10
};
.fi
.PP
줾Υեɤΰ̣ϰʲ̤ꡣ
.TP
.I name
Ĺץ̾
.TP
.I has_arg
\fBno_argument\fP (ޤ 0) ʤ顢ץϰȤʤ
\fBrequired_argument\fP (ޤ 1) ʤ顢ץϰɬפȤ롣
\fBoptional_argument\fP (ޤ 2) ʤ顢ץϰȤäƤ
ȤʤƤɤ
.TP
.I flag
ĹץФ̤֤ꤹ롣 \fIflag\fP  
\fBNULL\fP ʤ \fBgetopt_long()\fP  \fIval\fP ֤ (㤨иƤ
ФΥץϡ \fIval\fP ʥץʸ뤳
Ǥ) \fBNULL\fP ʳξˤϡ \fBgetopt_long()\fP  0 
ΤȤץ󤬸Ĥ \fIflag\fP ݥȤѿ 
\fIval\fP 롣ĤʤȤѿѹʤ
.TP
\fIval\fP 
֤͡ޤ \fIflag\fP ݥȤѿإɤ͡
.PP
κǸǤϡ 0 ƤʤФʤʤ
.PP
\fIlongindex\fP ϡ \fBNULL\fP ǤʤС
ĹץΥǥå
.I longopts
а֤ȤݻƤѿؤΥݥ󥿤Ȥʤ롣
.PP
\fBgetopt_long_only()\fP  \fBgetopt_long()\fP Ʊͤư򤹤뤬 
`\-'  `\-\-' ƱͤˡĹץȤư롣 `\-' ǻϤޤ
(`\-\-' ʳ) ץ󤬡ĹΤˤϥޥåʤûΤ˥ޥ
ˤƤϡûץȤƲᤵ롣 
.SH ֤
.B getopt()
ؿϥץ󤬸ĤФΥץʸ֤ɬפʰ­
ʤץ󤬤 `:' ֤Ƥʤץʸ
 `?' ֤ץꥹȤκǸ褿ˤ \-1 ֤
.PP
\fBgetopt_long()\fP  \fBgetopt_long_only()\fP ⡢ûץʸ
ǧˤϤʸ֤ĹץФƤϡ 
\fIflag\fP  \fBNULL\fP ʤ \fIval\fP ֤ \fIflag\fP  
\fBNULL\fP ʳʤ 0 ֤顼 \-1 ֤ͤ \fBgetopt()\fP 
ƱǤ롣 `?' ϡޥåǤʤ;ʬʥѥ᡼
ˤ֤롣
.SH Ķѿ
.TP
.SM
.B POSIXLY_CORRECT
줬ꤵƤȡ󥪥ץΰãǥץ
Фߤ롣
.TP
.SM
.B _<PID>_GNU_nonoption_argv_flags_
ѿ
.B bash
2.0  GNU libc ̿뤿Ѥ줿ɤΰ磻ɥ
Ÿ̤ǡäƥץȤߤʤ٤ǤʤΤ餻
ΤǤ롣εǽ
.B bash
ΥС 2.01 Ǻ줿 GNU libc ˤϤޤĤäƤ롣
.SH 
ʲϡ
.B getopt_long()
λˡ򡢤ۤܤ٤ƤεǽˤĤƼץǤ롣
.nf
.sp
#include <stdio.h>     /* for printf */
#include <stdlib.h>    /* for exit */
#include <getopt.h>

int
main (int argc, char **argv) {
    int c;
    int digit_optind = 0;

    while (1) {
        int this_option_optind = optind ? optind : 1;
        int option_index = 0;
        static struct option long_options[] = {
            {"add", 1, 0, 0},
            {"append", 0, 0, 0},
            {"delete", 1, 0, 0},
            {"verbose", 0, 0, 0},
            {"create", 1, 0, 'c'},
            {"file", 1, 0, 0},
            {0, 0, 0, 0}
        };

        c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abc:d:012",
                 long_options, &option_index);
        if (c == -1)
            break;

        switch (c) {
        case 0:
            printf ("option %s", long_options[option_index].name);
            if (optarg)
                printf (" with arg %s", optarg);
            printf ("\\n");
            break;

        case '0':
        case '1':
        case '2':
            if (digit_optind != 0 && digit_optind != this_option_optind)
              printf ("digits occur in two different argv-elements.\\n");
            digit_optind = this_option_optind;
            printf ("option %c\\n", c);
            break;

        case 'a':
            printf ("option a\\n");
            break;

        case 'b':
            printf ("option b\\n");
            break;

        case 'c':
            printf ("option c with value `%s'\\n", optarg);
            break;

        case 'd':
            printf ("option d with value `%s'\\n", optarg);
            break;

        case '?':
            break;

        default:
            printf ("?? getopt returned character code 0%o ??\\n", c);
        }
    }

    if (optind < argc) {
        printf ("non-option ARGV-elements: ");
        while (optind < argc)
            printf ("%s ", argv[optind++]);
        printf ("\\n");
    }

    exit (0);
}
.fi
.SH Х
POSIX.2 ˤ
.B getopt()
λ͡ POSIX.2 Interpretation 150 ˤϵŪ꤬롣
GNU ˤǤ (餯¾Τ٤ƤμǤ)ͤȰۤʤ
ưƤ롣
.SH 
.TP
\fBgetopt()\fP:
Ķѿ POSIXLY_CORRECT ꤵƤ POSIX.2 ˽
¾ξ \fIargv\fP Ǥΰ̣ǤˤϤʤʤʤ
ѹƤޤǤ롣ϡץȥפǤ
Ǥ뤫Τ褦ˤƤ롣¾ΥƥȤθߴΤǤ롣