.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de), Fri Apr  2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
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.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:44:50 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Thu Feb 26 16:08:49 MET 1995 by Michael Haardt
.\" Modified Sat Jul 20 14:39:03 MET DST 1996 by Michael Haardt
.\" Modified Wed Jul  2 20:20:53 ART 1997 by Nicol Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyuki Tanisako
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Mon Feb 16 12:43:50 JST 1998
.\"         by Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\"
.TH UTMP 5 1997-07-02 "" "File formats"
.SH ̾
utmp, wtmp \- Ͽ
.SH 
#include <utmp.h>
.SH 
.B utmp
ե򸫤뤳ȤǡïƥȤäƤ뤫Ȥ
롣٤ƤΥץब utmp ե
Ƥ櫓ǤϤʤΤǡºݤˤϤʾΥ桼
ƥȤäƤǽ롣
.PP
\fBٹ:\fP¿Υƥץब
(򤫤ˤ) ¸ƤΤǡ\fButmp\fP ե
񤭹߲ǽˤƤϤʤ\fButmp\fP ե
Υ桼񤭹߲ǽʤޤޤˤƤȡ
ΥƥեǤȤƥե
Ȥäꥹ򤪤ˤʤ롣
.PP
Υեϥ󥯥롼ɥեƤ뼡
褦ʹ¤Τĥȥη֤ǤƤ롣
(˵ҤƤΤϴĤޤΤߤǡ
ܺ٤ libc ΥСˤѤդɬפ):
.RS
.nf
.sp
.ta 3i
#define UT_UNKNOWN	0
#define RUN_LVL		1
#define BOOT_TIME	2
#define NEW_TIME	3
#define OLD_TIME	4
#define INIT_PROCESS	5
#define LOGIN_PROCESS	6
#define USER_PROCESS	7
#define DEAD_PROCESS	8
#define ACCOUNTING	9

#define UT_LINESIZE	12
#define UT_NAMESIZE	32
#define UT_HOSTSIZE	256

struct exit_status {
  short int e_termination;	/* process termination status.  */
  short int e_exit;	/* process exit status.  */
};

struct utmp {
  short ut_type;	/* type of login */
  pid_t ut_pid;	/* pid of login process */
  char ut_line[UT_LINESIZE];	/* device name of tty \- "/dev/" */
  char ut_id[4];	/* init id or abbrev. ttyname */
  char ut_user[UT_NAMESIZE];	/* user name */
  char ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];	/* hostname for remote login */
  struct exit_status ut_exit;	/* The exit status of a process
	   marked as DEAD_PROCESS. */
  long ut_session;	/* session ID, used for windowing*/
  struct timeval ut_tv;	/* time entry was made.  */
  int32_t ut_addr_v6[4];	/* IP address of remote host.  */
  char pad[20];	/* Reserved for future use.  */
};

/* Backwards compatibility hacks.  */
#define ut_name ut_user
#ifndef _NO_UT_TIME
#define ut_time ut_tv.tv_sec
#endif
#define ut_xtime ut_tv.tv_sec
#define ut_addr ut_addr_v6[0]
.sp
.fi
.RE
ι¤Τ桼λȤäƤüΥڥե̾
桼Υ̾
.BR time (2)
ν񼰤ǥ󤷤֤狼롣ʸեɤϡ
եɤĹʸûˤϡ\fB'\e0'\fP ˤäƽü롣
.PP
ǽΥȥ \fIinit\fP(8) ޥɤ \fIinittab\fP(5) 
뤳ȤǺ롣
ȥˡ\fIinit\fP(8) ϳƥ쥳ɤ
\fBut_type\fP  \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP Ǥ \fBRUN_LVL\fPǤʤ
 PID  \fBut_pid\fP Ǥץʤˡ
\fBut_type\fP  \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP ˡ\fBut_user\fP, 
\fBut_host\fP, \fBut_time\fP ̥ХȤǥꥢ utmp 롣
ɬפ \fBut_id\fP ĶΥ쥳ɤ򸫤Ĥʤä硢
init Ͽ쥳ɤ롣inittab  \fBut_id\fP ꤷ
\fBut_pid\fP  \fBut_time\fP 򸽺ͤˡ
 \fBut_type\fP  \fBINIT_PROCESS\fP ꤹ롣
.PP
\fIgetty\fP(8)  pid ǥȥꤷ
\fBut_type\fP  \fBLOGIN_PROCESS\fP ѹ
\fBut_time\fP 򹹿\fBut_line\fPꤹ³ΩΤԤġ
\fIlogin\fP(8) ϥ桼ǧڤλȡ
\fBut_type\fP  \fBUSER_PROCESS\fP ѹ
\fBut_time\fP 򹹿\fBut_host\fP  \fBut_addr\fPꤹ롣
\fIgetty\fP(8)  \fIlogin\fP(8) ˤäưۤʤ뤬
ޤ \fBut_pid\fP  \fBut_line\fP Ȥ쥳ɤ
ꤵƤ롣
.PP
\fIinit\fP(8) ϥץνλ򸡽Ф硢
\fBut_pid\fP Ȥä utmp Υȥꤷ
\fBut_type\fP  \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP ꤷ
\fBut_user\fP, \fBut_host\fP, \fBut_time\fP ̥ХȤǥꥢ롣
.PP
\fIxterm\fP(1) ޥɤ¾üߥ졼
ľ \fBUSER_PROCESS\fP Υ쥳ɤꡢ
\fB/dev/ttyp\fP\fI%c\fP κǸ2ʸȤ
\fB/dev/pts/\fP\fI%d\fP  \fBp\fP\fI%d\fP Ȥä
\fBut_id\fP ͤĤФ
 id ĥȥ꤬ \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP ǤäˤϺѤ
ʳξˤϿȥ꤬롣
ǽʾˤϥץλ \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP ꤷ
Ʊͤ˥̥ХȤ \fBut_line\fP, \fBut_time\fP, 
\fBut_user\fP, \fBut_host\fP 򥯥ꥢ뤳Ȥ夵Ƥ롣
.PP
\fIxdm\fP(8) ǤüƤʤΤǡ
utmp Υ쥳ɤʤ褦ˤ٤Ǥ롣
褦ˤ硢'finger: can not stat /dev/machine.dom' Ȥ褦
顼롣
 \fIftpd\fP(8) ޥɤƤ褦ˡ
wtmp Υȥ褦ˤϤ٤Ǥ롣
.PP
\fItelnetd\fP(8)  \fBLOGIN_PROCESS\fP Υȥȡ
Ĥ̤̾ \fIlogin\fP(8) ԤΤǤΤޤޤˤƤ
telnet Υå󤬽λ塢ҤΤ褦
\fItelnetd\fP(8)  utmp Υȥ롣
.PP
\fBwtmp\fP եˤϤ٤ƤΥȥȤϿ롣
ΥեޥåȤϥȤüǤ
桼̥̾Ǥ뤳ȤޤäƱǤ롣
˲ä桼̾Ȥ \fB"shutdown"\fP ⤷ \fB"reboot"\fP 
äƤü̾ \fB"~"\fP ϥƥ (shutdown) ޤϺƵư (reboot)
̣Ƥ롣ޤü̾ \fB"|"\fP  \fB"}"\fP ФǤ
\fIdate\fP(1) ޥɤѹΥƥ֤ϿƤ롣
\fBwtmp\fP ե \fIlogin\fP(1)\fIinit\fP(1) 䤤Ĥ
С \fIgetty\fP(1) ˤƤ롣
ΥץϤե򿷤˺ꤷʤΤǡ
եǾεϿ (record-keeping) ߤǤ롣
.SH ե
/var/run/utmp
.br
/var/log/wtmp
.SH 
Linux Ǥ utmp Υȥ v7/BSD  SYSV Τˤ򤷤Ƥʤ:
ξߤΤǤ롣v7/BSD ǤϤ꾯ιܤʤ;
äȤפʤȤϡ\fBut_type\fP ̵ȤǤ롣
Τ v7/BSD ϤΥץǤ (Ȥ) ֤Υȥ
֤ΥȥޤɽƤޤȤˤʤä
˥åѤΥåȤƤ뤿ե뤬ʤ
BSD ե뤬Τ \fBut_id\fP ʤǤ롣
Linux (SYSV )ǤϡեɬפȤ
åѤΥåȤƤΤǡö
Ƥޤȥ쥳ɤ \fBut_id\fP Ϸ褷ѹʤ
\fBut_id\fP 򥯥ꥢȶ֤ˤꡢ
utmp ΥȥꡢŪʥƥۡˤʤǽ롣
SYSV ǤμǤɬפȤϤƤʤ嵭ܤ̥ХȤ
ꥢƤΤϡBSD ǤμȤƤơ
 utmp 򹹿ʤ¿Υץबư褦ˤ뤿Ǥ롣
Linux ǤϤޤǵҤƤ褦ˡƤɽ BSD δ˽äƤ롣
.PP
SYSV Ǥ ut_type ܰˤꡢȤ \fB"new time"\fP Τ褦
ΥåϿ뤿Τߤ˻ȤäƤ롣
\fBUT_UNKNOWN\fP  Linux Ǻ줿ΤΤ褦Ǥ롣
\fBACCOUNTING\fP Ȥ Linux ˤ¸ߤʤ
SYSV ˤ \fBut_host\fP  \fBut_addr_v6\fP ¸ߤʤ
.PP
ե뤳Ȥ utmp ؤεϿߤ
¾͡ʥƥȤϰ㤤Linux Ǥ utmp եɬ
ɬפ롣
\fIwho\fP(1) ޥɤǽʤ褦ˤˤϡ
utmp ե桼Фɤ߼Ĥꤷʤ褦ˤ롣
.PP
utmp ¤Τ libc5  libc6 ѹ줿ΤΤ libc5 ι¤
Ȥäץ
.IR /var/run/utmp "  " /var/log/wtmp
եƤޤ
Debian ƥǤϿ utmp եޥåȤ򰷤褦
줿 libc5 ޤǤ롣
 libc5 ľܥƤ뤿ᡢwtmp Ǥ꤬ޤĤäƤ롣
.SH 
եΥեޥåȤϥޥ˰¸Τǡե뤬줿
ޥ⤷Ʊ쥢ƥΥޥǤΤ߽򴫤롣
.SH Х
 man ڡ libc5 ˴ŤƺƤơ
ǿΤΤǤϰäƤ뤫⤷ʤ
.SH Ϣ
.BR ac (1),
.BR date (1),
.BR getutent (3),
.BR init (8),
.BR last (1),
.BR login (1),
.BR updwtmp (3),
.BR who (1)