.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt <drew@cs.colorado.edu>, March 28, 1992
.\"		and Michael Kerrisk, 2001, 2002
.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License.
.\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
.\" Modified 24 Jul 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
.\" Modified 21 Aug 1994 by Michael Chastain <mec@shell.portal.com>:
.\"   New man page (copied from 'fork.2').
.\" Modified 10 June 1995 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\" Modified 25 April 1998 by Xavier Leroy <Xavier.Leroy@inria.fr>
.\" Modified 26 Jun 2001 by Michael Kerrisk
.\"     Mostly upgraded to 2.4.x
.\"     Added prototype for sys_clone() plus description
.\"	Added CLONE_THREAD with a brief description of thread groups
.\"	Added CLONE_PARENT and revised entire page remove ambiguity
.\"		between "calling process" and "parent process"
.\"	Added CLONE_PTRACE and CLONE_VFORK
.\"	Added EPERM and EINVAL error codes
.\"	Renamed "__clone" to "clone" (which is the protype in <sched.h>)
.\"	various other minor tidy ups and clarifications.
.\" Modified 26 Jun 2001 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
.\"	Updated notes for 2.4.7+ behaviour of CLONE_THREAD
.\" Modified 15 Oct 2002 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk-manpages@gmx.net>
.\"	Added description for CLONE_NEWNS, which was added in 2.4.19
.\" Slightly rephrased, aeb.
.\" Modified 1 Feb 2003 - added CLONE_SIGHAND restriction, aeb.
.\" Modified 1 Jan 2004 - various updates, aeb
.\" Modified 2004-09-10 - added CLONE_PARENT_SETTID etc - aeb.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 HANATAKA Shinya
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Fri Aug 17 20:32:10 JST 2001
.\"         by HANATAKA Shinya <hanataka@abyss.rim.or.jp>
.\" Modified 2002-09-24 by Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Modified 2005-02-02 by Akihiro MOTOKI
.\"
.\"WORD:	capability	ѥӥƥ
.\"WORD:	pending signals	Ԥʥ
.\"
.TH CLONE 2 2004-09-10 "Linux 2.6" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
clone \- ҥץ
.SH 
.B #include <sched.h>
.sp
.BI "int clone(int (*" "fn" ")(void *), void *" "child_stack" ", int " "flags" ", void *" "arg" );
.sp
.BI "_syscall2(int, " clone ", int, " flags ", void *, " child_stack )
.sp
.BI "_syscall5(int, " clone ", int, " flags ", void *, " child_stack ,
.br
.BI "     int *, " parent_tidptr ", struct user_desc *, " newtls ,
.br
.BI "     int *, " child_tidptr )
.SH 
.B clone

.BR fork (2)
Ʊ褦˿ץ롣
.B clone
ˤϡ饤֥ؿȤβؤˤ
.B clone
ƥॳ뤬¸ߤ롣ʲǤϡƥॳ
.B sys_clone
ɽȤȤ롣
.B sys_clone
˴ؤϤΥޥ˥奢κǸˤ롣

.BR fork (2)
ȤϰۤʤꡢΥǤϡҥץ (child process)
ȸƤӽФΥץȤ֡
ե롦ǥץΥơ֥롢ʥ롦ϥɥΥơ֥ʤɤ
¹ԥƥȤΰͭǤ롣
(Υޥ˥奢ˤָƤӽФΥץפϡ̾
ֿƥץפȰפ롣âҤ
.B CLONE_PARENT
ι⻲ȤΤ)

.B clone
μפʻˡϥå (threads) 뤳ȤǤ:
ĤΥץʣΥåɤ϶ͭ줿֤
Ʊ˼¹Ԥ롣

.B clone
ǻҥץ줿ˡ줿ҥץϴؿ
.IR fn ( arg )
¹Ԥ롣
(
.BR fork (2)
Ȥϰۤʤ롣
.BR fork (2)
ξ硢ҥץ
.BR fork (2)
ƤӽФ줿꤫¹Ԥ³롣)
.I fn
ϡҥץ¹ԤϤ˻ҥץƤӽФ
ؿؤΥݥ󥿤Ǥ롣
.I arg
ϤΤޤ
.I fn
ؿؤϤ롣

.IR fn ( arg )
ؿλȡҥץϽλ롣
.I fn
ˤä֤줿ҥץνλɤȤʤ롣
ҥץϡ
.BR exit (2)
ƤŪ˽λ뤳Ȥ⤢뤷̿Ūʥʥ
˽λ뤳Ȥ⤢롣

.I child_stack
ϡҥץˤäƻѤ륹åΰ֤ꤹ롣
ҥץȸƤӽФΥץϥͭȤ뤿ᡢ
ҥץϸƤӽФΥץƱåǼ¹Ԥ뤳ȤǤʤ
ΤᡢƤӽФΥץϻҥץΥåΤΥ֤
Ѱդơζ֤ؤΥݥ󥿤
.B clone
ϤʤФʤʤ
(HP PA ץåʳ) Linux ưƤΥץåǤϡ
åϲ (ɥ쥹) ؤȿӤ롣Τᡢ̤
.I child_stack
ϻҥץΥåΤѰդ֤ΰ礭
ɥ쥹ؤ褦ˤ롣

.I flags
β 1 ХȤϻҥץ˿ƥץؤ
ʥֹꤹ롣ΥʥȤ
.B SIGCHLD
ʳꤵ줿硢ƥץϡ
.BR wait (2)
ǻҥץԤĺݤˡץȤ
.B __WALL
ޤ
.B __WCLONE
ꤷʤФʤʤ
ɤΥʥꤵʤä硢ҥץλ˿ƥץ
˥ʥʤ

.I flags
ˤϡʲӥå OR (bitwise-or) ˤǤ
(ʣꤷƤ褤)
ϸƤӽФΥץȻҥץδ֤Dzͭ뤫ꤹ:

.TP
.BR CLONE_PARENT " (Linux 2.3.12 ʹ)"
.B CLONE_PARENT
ꤵ줿硢Ҷ
.RB ( getppid (2)
֤) ƥץϸƤӽФΥץοƥץƱˤʤ롣

.B CLONE_PARENT
ꤵƤʤ硢
.RB ( fork (2)
Ʊͤ) ƤӽФΥץλҶοƤˤʤ롣

Ҷλ˥ʥ뤬Τ
.BR getppid (2)
֤ƥץǤդ뤳ȡΤ
.B CLONE_PARENT
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץǤϤʤƤӽФΥץ
ƥץ˥ʥ뤬롣

.TP
.B CLONE_FS
.B CLONE_FS
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץȻҥץƱե롦ƥ
ͭ롣ե롦ƥϡե롦ƥΥ롼 (root)
ȡ󥰡ǥ쥯ȥ (current working directory)
 umask ʤɤǤ롣
ƤӽФΥץҥץΤɤ餫ˤä
.BR chroot (2),
.BR chdir (2),
.BR umask (2)
ƤӽФȡ⤦Υץˤƶڤ֡

.B CLONE_FS
ꤵƤʤ硢ҥץϡ
.B clone
¹Ԥ줿ǤΡƤӽФΥץΥե롦ƥΥԡ
Ѥ롣
ʹߤϡƤӽФΥץȻҥץΰ
.BR chroot (2),
.BR chdir (2),
.BR umask (2)
ƤӽФƤ⡢⤦ΥץˤϱƶͿʤ

.TP
.B CLONE_FILES
.B CLONE_FILES
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץȻҥץϥե롦ǥץ
ơ֥ͭ롣ե롦ǥץϻҥץȿƥץ
ˤƾƱե򻲾Ȥ롣ƤӽФΥץҥץΰ
ˤäƺ줿ƤΥե롦ǥץϤ⤦ΥץǤ
ͭǤ롣ƱͤˡΥץե롦ǥץ
 (close) 䡢Ϣե饰ѹԤʤäϡ
⤦Υץˤƶ롣

.B CLONE_FILES
ꤵƤʤ硢ҥץϡ
.BR clone
¹Ԥ줿ǡƤӽФΥץץ (open) ƤƤ
ե롦ǥץΥԡѾ롣
ʹߤϡƤӽФΥץȻҥץΰ
ե롦ǥץФԤäƤ⡢
⤦ΥץˤϱƶͿʤ

.TP
.BR CLONE_NEWNS " (Linux 2.4.19 ʹ)"
ҥץ򿷤̾ (namespace) dzϤ롣

ơΥץϰĤ̾¸ߤ롣ץ
.I "̾ (namespace)"
ϡΥץ鸫ե볬ؤɽǡ (mount ν) Ǥ롣
.B CLONE_NEWNS
ե饰åȤ줺
.BR fork (2)

.BR clone (2)
ƤФȡҥץϿƥץƱ֤̾˺롣
ƥॳ
.BR mount (2)
.BR umount (2)
ƤФȸƤӽФΥץ֤̾ѹ졢η
ƤӽФΥץƱ֤̾ˤץϤ٤Ʊƶ뤬
ۤʤ֤̾ˤץϱƶʤ

.B CLONE_NEWNS
ե饰åȤ
.BR clone (2)
ƤФȡclone Ǻ줿ҥץϿ֤̾dzϤ롣
֤̾Ͽƥץ֤̾Υԡǽ롣

øץ (CAP_SYS_ADMIN ѥӥƥĥץ) Τߤ
.B CLONE_NEWNS
ե饰ꤹ뤳ȤǤ롣
Ĥ
.B clone
ƤӽФǡ
.B CLONE_NEWNS

.B CLONE_FS
ξꤹ뤳ȤϤǤʤ

.TP
.B CLONE_SIGHAND
.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץȻҥץƱʥ롦ϥ
ɥΥơ֥ͭ롣ƤӽФΥץޤϻҥץΤɤ餫
.BR sigaction (2)
ƤӽФƥʥбưѹ硢
⤦ΥץΥʥưѹ롣
âƤӽФΥץȻҥץϡ
ץˡʥ롦ޥ (signal mask) ȽԤʥν
äƤ롣Τᡢץϡ
.BR sigprocmask (2)
Ѥơ⤦Υץ˱ƶͿ
ʥػ (block)  (unblock) Ǥ롣

.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ꤵƤʤ硢ҥץ
.B clone
¹Ԥ줿ǤΡƤӽФΥץΥʥ롦ϥɥ
ԡѾ롣ʹߤϡΥץ
.BR sigaction (2)
ƤӽФƤ⡢⤦ΥץˤϱƶͿʤ

.TP
.B CLONE_PTRACE
.B CLONE_PTRACE
ꤵ졢ĸƤӽФΥץ (trace) Ƥ硢ҥץ
Ʊͤפ롣
.RB ( ptrace (2)
򻲾ȤΤ)

.TP
.B CLONE_VFORK
.B CLONE_VFORK
ꤵ줿硢
.RB ( vfork (2)
Ʊͤ) ҥץ
.BR execve (2)
ޤ
.BR _exit (2)
ˤäƲۥޤǡƤӽФΥץμ¹Ԥߤ롣

.B CLONE_VFORK
ꤵƤʤ硢
.B clone
ƤӽФϡƤӽФΥץȻҥץ
ξ塼оݤȤʤꡢץꥱϤΥץ
¹Խ˰¸ʤ褦ˤ٤Ǥ롣

.TP
.B CLONE_VM
.B CLONE_VM
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץȻҥץƱ֤
¹Ԥ롣äˡƤӽФΥץҥץΰ
񤭹ƤϤ⤦Υץ⸫뤳ȤǤ롣ˡ
ҥץƤӽФΥץΰ
.BR mmap (2)

.BR munmap (2)
Ȥäƥޥåפꥢޥåפ硢
⤦Υץˤƶڤ֡

.B CLONE_VM
ꤵƤʤ硢ҥץ
.B clone
¹Ԥ줿ǤΡƥץΥ֤򥳥ԡ
̤Υ֤Ǽ¹Ԥ롣
ΥץԤäؤν񤭹ߤ
եΥޥå/ޥåפϡ
.BR fork (2)
ξƱ͡⤦Υץˤϱƶʤ

.TP
.BR CLONE_PID (ѻ)
.B CLONE_PID
ꤵ줿硢ҥץϸƤӽФΥץƱץ ID
Ǻ롣ϥƥϥå󥰤Τˤ
ʳˤϤޤȤʤ Linux 2.3.21 ʹߤǤϡ
ƥΥ֡ȥץ (PID 0) Υե饰Ǥ롣
Linux 2.5.16 Ǻ줿

.TP
.BR CLONE_THREAD " (Linux 2.4.0-test8ʹ)"
.B CLONE_THREAD
ꤵ줿硢ҥץϸƤӽФΥץƱåɡ롼פ
֤롣
.\" (2.5.32 Ƴ줿) CLONE_DETACHED ¸ߤФ餯δ֤:
.\" ƥץϻҥץλΥʥɬפȤʤä
.\" 2.6.2 ǡ CLONE_THREAD ȰˤΥե饰 (CLONE_DETACHED) 
.\" ꤹɬפϤʤʤä

.B CLONE_THREAD
ꤵƤʤ硢ҥץȼ () åɡ롼פ
֤졢åɡ롼 ID ϻҥץΥץ ID Ʊˤʤ롣

(åɡ롼פϡ POSIX åɤΥåɽǰĤ PID ͭ
Ȥǰ򥵥ݡȤ뤿 Linux 2.4 ˲ä줿ǽǤ롣
Linux 2.4 ʹߤǤϡ
.BR getpid (2)
θƤӽФǤϤΥץΥåɡ롼 ID ֤)

.TP
.BR CLONE_SETTLS " (Linux 2.5.32 ʹ)"
.I newtls
ϡ TLS (Thread Local Storage) ǥץǤ롣
.RB ( set_thread_area (2)
򻲾ȤΤ)

.TP
.BR CLONE_PARENT_SETTID " (Linux 2.5.49 ʹ)"
ƥץȻҥץΥ
.I parent_tidptr
ؤ˿ƥץΥå ID Ǽ롣
(Linux 2.5.32-2.5.48 ǤϡԤ CLONE_SETTID Ȥե饰ä)

.TP
.BR CLONE_CHILD_SETTID " (Linux 2.5.49 ʹ)"
ҥץΥ
.I child_tidptr
ؤ˻ҥץΥå ID Ǽ롣

.TP
.BR CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID " (Linux 2.5.49 ʹ)"
ҥץλȤ˻ҥץΥ
.I child_tidptr
ؤˤҥץΥå ID õ
Υɥ쥹 futex  wake () 롣
Υɥ쥹
.BR set_tid_address (2)
ƥॳѹ뤳ȤǤ롣
εǽϥåɥ饤֥ǻѤ롣

.SS "sys_clone"
.B sys_clone
ƥॳϡ
.BR fork (2)
˶ᤤˤʤäƤꡢҥץμ¹ԤƤӽФԤ줿꤫
³롣
Τᡢ
.B sys_clone
ɬפȤ
.I flags

.I child_stack
Ǥꡢ
.B clone
Ʊ̣
(ΰν֤
.B clone
Ȥϰۤʤ뤳Ȥդ)

.B sys_clone
Τ⤦Ĥΰ㤤ϡ
.I child_stack
ǤɤȤǤ롣ξˤϡɤ餫Υץ
åѹˡ񤭹߻ԡ (copy-on-write) ˤ
ҥץåڡΩԡ뤳Ȥݾڤ롣
ξ硢ư뤿ˤϡ
.B CLONE_VM
ץꤷƤϤʤʤ

Linux 2.5.49 ʹߤǤϡ
.B sys_clone
ƥॳ 5ĤΰȤ롣
ɲä줿 2Ĥΰϡ
.I parent_tidptr

.I child_tidptr
Ǥ롣
.I parent_tidptr
ϡCLONE_PARENT_SETTID ꤵ줿ˡƥץΥåID
񤭹ޤ (ƥץȻҥץΥ) ؤ
.I child_tidptr
ϡCLONE_CHILD_SETTID ꤵ줿ˡҥץΥåID
񤭹ޤ (ҥץΥ) ؤ

.SH ֤
.\" gettid()  current->pid ֤
.\" getpid()  current->tgid ֤
硢ƤӽФμ¹ԥåɤˤϻҥץΥåID ֤롣
Ԥ硢 ƤӽФΥƥȤˤ \-1 ֤졢ҥץ
줺
.I errno
Ŭڤꤵ롣

.SH 顼
.TP
.B EAGAIN
Ǥ˼¹Υץ¿롣
.TP
.B EINVAL
.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ꤵƤ
.B CLONE_VM
ꤵƤʤä
(Linux 2.6.0-test6 ʹ)
.TP
.B EINVAL
.B CLONE_THREAD
ꤵƤ
.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ꤵƤʤä
(Linux 2.5.35 ʹ)
.TP
.B EINVAL
.B CLONE_DETACHED

.B CLONE_THREAD
Τ줫ꤵ줿
(Linux 2.6.0-test6 ʹ)
.TP
.B EINVAL
.B CLONE_FS

.B CLONE_NEWNS
ξ
.I flags
˻ꤵ줿
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I child_stack
˥ꤷ
.B clone
֤
.TP
.B ENOMEM
ҥץΤ˳ݤ٤¤Τ䡢ƤӽФΥƥȤ
򥳥ԡΤɬפʥʬ˳Ƥ뤳ȤǤʤ
.TP
.B EPERM
root ʳΥץ (CAP_SYS_ADMIN ʤץ) ˤ
.B CLONE_NEWNS
ꤵ줿
.TP
.B EPERM
PID  0 ʳΥץˤä
.B CLONE_PID
ꤵ줿

.SH 
libc5 ˤ
.B clone
Ϥʤglibc2 Ǥ
.B clone
󶡤ƤꡢΥޥ˥奢ڡ˵ܤ̤Ǥ롣

.SH 
С 2.4.72.4.18 ΥͥǤϡ CLONE_THREAD ե饰ꤹȡ
ۤΤ CLONE_PARENT ե饰ꤷȤˤʤ롣

.SH 
.B clone

.B sys_clone
 Linux ͭǤꡢܿθץǤϻѤ٤
ǤϤʤ

.SH Ϣ
.BR fork (2),
.BR getpid (2),
.BR gettid (2),
.BR wait (2),
.BR capabilities (7)