.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de), Fri Apr  2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
.\" USA.
.\" 
.\" Modified 1993-07-25 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified 1995-02-26 by Michael Haardt
.\" Modified 1996-07-20 by Michael Haardt
.\" Modified 1997-07-02 by Nicolas Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
.\" Modified 2004-10-31 by aeb, following Gwenole Beauchesne
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyuki Tanisako
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1998-02-16, Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\" Updated 2003-01-20, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2005-02-21, Akihiro MOTOKI
.\" Updated 2005-10-06, Akihiro MOTOKI
.\"
.TH UTMP 5 2004-10-31 "File formats" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
utmp, wtmp \- Ͽ
.SH 
#include <utmp.h>
.SH 
.I utmp
ե򸫤뤳ȤǡïƥȤäƤ뤫Ȥ
롣٤ƤΥץब utmp ե
Ƥ櫓ǤϤʤΤǡºݤˤϤʾΥ桼
ƥȤäƤǽ롣
.PP
.B ٹ:
¿Υƥץब
(򤫤ˤ) ¸ƤΤǡ
.I utmp
եϽ񤭹߲ǽˤƤϤʤ
.I utmp
ե
Υ桼񤭹߲ǽʤޤޤˤƤȡ
ƥΥե¤줿ꡢƥե
Ȥäꥹ򤪤ˤʤ롣
.PP
Υեϥ󥯥롼ɥեƤ뼡
褦ʹ¤Τĥȥη֤ǤƤ롣
(˵ҤƤΤϴĤޤΤߤǡ
ܺ٤ libc ΥСˤѤդɬפ):
.in +3
.nf
.sp
.ta 3i
#define UT_UNKNOWN      0
#define RUN_LVL         1
#define BOOT_TIME       2
#define NEW_TIME        3
#define OLD_TIME        4
#define INIT_PROCESS    5
#define LOGIN_PROCESS   6
#define USER_PROCESS    7
#define DEAD_PROCESS    8
#define ACCOUNTING      9

#define UT_LINESIZE     12
#define UT_NAMESIZE     32
#define UT_HOSTSIZE     256

struct exit_status {
  short int e_termination;    /* process termination status */
  short int e_exit;           /* process exit status */
};

struct utmp {
  short ut_type;              /* type of login */
  pid_t ut_pid;               /* PID of login process */
  char ut_line[UT_LINESIZE];  /* device name of tty \- "/dev/" */
  char ut_id[4];              /* init id or abbrev. ttyname */
  char ut_user[UT_NAMESIZE];  /* user name */
  char ut_host[UT_HOSTSIZE];  /* hostname for remote login */
  struct exit_status ut_exit; /* The exit status of a process
                                 marked as DEAD_PROCESS */
  
  /* ut_session  ut_tv եɤϡ32ӥåȤǥѥ뤵줿
     64ӥåȤǥѥ뤵줿ƱǤʤФʤʤ
     뤳Ȥǡ32ӥåȤ64ӥåȤΥץꥱǡ
     ǡեȶͭͭ뤳ȤǤ褦ˤʤ */

#if __WORDSIZE == 64 && defined __WORDSIZE_COMPAT32
  int32_t ut_session;         /* Session ID, used for windowing */
  struct {
    int32_t tv_sec;           /* Seconds */
    int32_t tv_usec;          /* Microseconds */
  } ut_tv;                    /* Time entry was made */
#else
   long int ut_session;        /* Session ID, used for windowing */
   struct timeval ut_tv;       /* Time entry was made */
#endif

  int32_t ut_addr_v6[4];       /* IP address of remote host */
  char __unused[20];           /* Reserved for future use */
};

/* Backwards compatibility hacks.  */
#define ut_name ut_user
#ifndef _NO_UT_TIME
#define ut_time ut_tv.tv_sec
#endif
#define ut_xtime ut_tv.tv_sec
#define ut_addr ut_addr_v6[0]
.sp
.fi
.in
ι¤Τ桼λȤäƤüΥڥե̾
桼Υ̾
.RB ( time (2)
Ǥ)郎狼롣ʸեɤϡ
եɤĹʸûˤϡ\fB'\e0'\fP ˤäƽü롣
.PP
ǽΥȥ
.BR init (8)
ޥɤ
.BR inittab (5)
뤳ȤǺ롣
륨ȥˡ
.BR init (8)
 \fIut_type\fP  \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP ˽롣
쥳ɤ
\fIut_type\fP  \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP  \fBRUN_LVL\fP ΤǤʤ
 PID  \fIut_pid\fP Ǥץʤϡ\fIut_user\fP,
\fIut_host\fP, \fIut_time\fP ̥ХȤǥꥢƽԤ
ɬפ \fIut_id\fP ĶΥ쥳ɤ򸫤Ĥʤä硢
init Ͽ쥳ɤ롣inittab  \fIut_id\fP ꤷ
\fIut_pid\fP  \fIut_time\fP 򸽺ͤˡ
\fIut_type\fP  \fBINIT_PROCESS\fP ꤹ롣
.PP
.BR getty (8)
 pid ǥȥꤷ
\fIut_type\fP  \fBLOGIN_PROCESS\fP ѹ
\fIut_time\fP 򹹿\fIut_line\fPꤷ塢³ΩΤԤġ
.BR login (8)
ϥ桼ǧڤλȡ
\fIut_type\fP  \fBUSER_PROCESS\fP ѹ
\fIut_time\fP 򹹿\fIut_host\fP  \fIut_addr\fPꤹ롣
.BR getty (8)

.BR login (8)
ˤۤʤ뤬
\fIut_pid\fP 
\fIut_line\fP Ȥäƥ쥳ɤ꤬Ԥ뤳Ȥ⤢
(\fIut_pid\fP Ȥ˾ޤ) 
.PP
.BR init (8)
ϥץνλ򸡽Ф硢
\fIut_pid\fP 򥭡Ȥ utmp Υȥꤷ
\fIut_type\fP  \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP ꤷ
\fIut_user\fP, \fIut_host\fP, \fIut_time\fP ̥ХȤǥꥢ롣
.PP
.BR xterm (1)
ޥɤ¾üߥ졼
ľ \fBUSER_PROCESS\fP Υ쥳ɤꡢ
\fI/dev/ttyp\fP\fI%c\fP κǸ2ʸ
\fI/dev/pts/\fP\fI%d\fP  \fIp\fP\fI%d\fP Ȥä
\fIut_id\fP ͤ롣
 id ĥȥ꤬ \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP ǤäˤϺѤ
ʳξˤϿȥ꤬롣
ǽʾˤϥץλ \fBDEAD_PROCESS\fP ꤷ
 \fIut_line\fP, \fIut_time\fP, \fIut_user\fP, \fIut_host\fP
̥ХȤǥꥢ뤳Ȥ夵Ƥ롣
.PP
\fIxdm\fP(8) ǤüƤʤΤǡ
utmp Υ쥳ɤʤ褦ˤ٤Ǥ롣
褦ˤ硢'finger: can not stat /dev/machine.dom' Ȥ褦
顼롣

.BR ftpd (8)
ޥɤƤ褦ˡ
wtmp Υȥ褦ˤϤ٤Ǥ롣
.PP
.BR telnetd (8)
 \fBLOGIN_PROCESS\fP ꤹǤ褯
Ĥν̤̾
.BR login (8)
ǤФ褤
telnet Υå󤬽λ塢ҤΤ褦
.BR telnetd (8)
 utmp Υȥ롣
.PP
\fIwtmp\fP եˤϡ٤ƤΥȥȤϿ롣
ΥեޥåȤϡȺѤüǥ桼̥̾Ȥʤ뤳Ȱʳ
\fIutmp\fP ȤޤäƱǤ롣
桼̾ \fBshutdown\fP ⤷ \fBreboot\fP Ǥ
ü̾ \fB~\fP ϥƥ (shutdown) ޤϺƵư (reboot)
̣롣ޤü̾ \fB|\fP  \fB}\fP Ф
.BR date (1)
ޥɤѹΥƥϿƤ롣
\fIwtmp\fP ե
.BR login (1)

.BR init (1)
䤤ĤΥС
.BR getty (1)
ˤƤ롣
ΥץϤե򿷤˺ꤷʤΤǡ
եǾεϿ (record-keeping) ߤǤ롣
.PP
դ٤ȤƤϡ
\fIbiarch\fP ʥץåȥեࡢĤޤ 32ӥåȤ 64ӥåȤξ
ץꥱ¹ԤǤ륷ƥ (x86-64, ppc64, s390x ʤ) Ǥϡ
\fIut_tv\fP Υ 32ӥåȥ⡼ɤ 64ӥåȥ⡼ɤƱǤ롣
\fIut_session\fP  \fIut_time\fP ⡢¸ߤˤƱͤƱ
Ǥ롣ˤꡢ32ӥåȥץꥱ 64ӥåȥץꥱ
δ֤ǥǡեȶͭͭ뤳Ȥǽˤʤ롣
\fIut_tv\fP  \fIstruct timeval\fP ƱȤϸ¤ʤΤǡ
.RS
.nf
.sp
.ta 3i
gettimeofday((struct timeval *) &ut.ut_tv, NULL);
.sp
.fi
.RE

Τ褦ʸƤӽФ򤹤ΤǤϤʤ
ʲΤ褦˳ƥեɤꤹˡ侩:
.RS
.nf
.sp
.ta 3i
struct utmp ut;
struct timeval tv;

gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
ut.ut_tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;
ut.ut_tv.tv_usec = tv.tv_usec;
.sp
.fi
.RE
.SH ե
/var/run/utmp
.br
/var/log/wtmp
.SH 
Linux Ǥ utmp Υȥ v7/BSD  System V Τˤ򤷤Ƥʤ:
ξߤΤǤ롣v7/BSD ǤϤ꾯ιܤʤ;
äȤפʤȤϡ\fIut_type\fP ̵ȤǤ롣
Τ v7/BSD ϤΥץǤ (Ȥ) ֤Υȥ
֤ΥȥޤɽƤޤȤˤʤä
˥åѤΥåȤƤ뤿ե뤬ʤ
BSD ե뤬Τ \fIut_id\fP ʤǤ롣
Linux (System V )ǤϡեɬפȤ
åѤΥåȤƤΤǡö
Ƥޤȥ쥳ɤ \fIut_id\fP Ϸ褷ѹʤ
\fIut_id\fP 򥯥ꥢȶ֤ˤꡢ
utmp ΥȥꡢŪʥƥۡˤʤǽ롣
System V ǤμǤɬפȤϤƤʤ嵭ܤ̥ХȤ
ꥢƤΤϡBSD ǤμȤƤơ
 utmp 򹹿ʤ¿Υץबư褦ˤ뤿Ǥ롣
Linux ǤϤޤǵҤƤ褦ˡƤɽ BSD δ˽äƤ롣
.PP
System V Ǥ ut_type ܰˤꡢȤ \fB"new time"\fP Τ褦
ΥåϿ뤿Τߤ˻ȤäƤ롣
\fBUT_UNKNOWN\fP  Linux Ǻ줿ΤΤ褦Ǥ롣
\fBACCOUNTING\fP Ȥ Linux ˤ¸ߤʤ
System V ˤ \fIut_host\fP  \fIut_addr_v6\fP ¸ߤʤ
.PP
ե뤳Ȥ utmp ؤεϿߤ
¾͡ʥƥȤϰ㤤Linux Ǥ utmp եɬ
ɬפ롣
\fIwho\fP(1) ޥɤǽʤ褦ˤˤϡ
utmp ե桼Фɤ߼Ĥꤷʤ褦ˤ롣
.PP
utmp ¤Τ libc5  libc6 ѹ줿ΤΤ libc5 ι¤
Ȥäץ
.IR /var/run/utmp "  " /var/log/wtmp
եƤޤ
Debian ƥǤϿ utmp եޥåȤ򰷤褦
줿 libc5 ޤǤ롣
 libc5 ľܥƤ뤿ᡢwtmp Ǥ꤬ޤĤäƤ롣
.SH 
եΥեޥåȤϥޥ˰¸Τǡե뤬줿
ޥ⤷Ʊ쥢ƥΥޥǤΤ߽侩롣
.PP
32ӥåȤ64ӥåȤΥץꥱξ¹ԤǤץåȥե
(x86-64, ppc64, s390x ) Ǥϡ32ӥåȥ⡼ɤ64ӥåȥ⡼ɤ
¤ utmp γƥեɤΥƱˤʤФʤ
αդ뤳ȡ
Τˤϡ
.I ut_session
 int32_t ˡ
.I ut_tv
 2Ĥ int32_t Υե
.I tv_sec ,
.I tv_usec
ŤΤѹФ褤
(ξ硢ut_tv ˥ǡˤϡ timeval ¤Τ˻֤
Ƥ顢
.I ut_tv
 2 եɤ˥ǡ򥳥ԡɬפ)
.SH Х
 man ڡ libc5 ˴ŤƺƤơ
ǿΤΤǤϰäƤ뤫⤷ʤ
.SH Ϣ
.BR ac (1),
.BR date (1),
.BR last (1),
.BR login (1),
.BR who (1),
.BR getutent (3),
.BR updwtmp (3),
.BR init (8)