.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Yuichi SATO
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Wed Jul 23 03:20:31 JST 2003
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Sat Jan 31 20:12:43 JST 2004 by Yuichi SATO
.\" Updated & Modified Sat Feb 19 13:46:24 JST 2005 by Yuichi SATO
.\"
.TH FILE 1 "Copyright but distributable"
.\" $Id: file.man,v 1.55 2005/02/09 19:07:30 christos Exp $
.SH ̾
file
\- ե륿פȽꤹ
.SH 
.B file
[
.B \-bcikLnNprsvz
]
[
.B \-f
.I namefile
]
[
.B \-F
.I separator
]
[
.B \-m 
.I magicfiles
]
.I file
\&...
.br
.B file
.B -C
[
.B \-m 
magicfile ]
.SH 
 man ڡ
.B file
ޥ version 4.12 ˤĤƵҤƤ롣
.PP
.B file
ϳưƥȤʬह롣
ե륷ƥƥȡޥåʥСƥȡƥȤ
 3 ĤΥƥȤԤ
Τ\fIǽ\fRƥȤǡե륿פɽ롣
.PP
ɽ륿פˤ̾ʲΤ 1 Ĥñ줬ޤޤ롣
.B text
(ΥեˤɽǽʸȤĤΰŪʸΤߤޤޤ졢
.SM ASCII
üɤǤ¿ʬǤ)
.B executable
(Υեˤϥץ򥳥ѥ뤷̤ޤޤ졢
\s-1UNIX\s0 ͥʤɤˤ¹ԲǽʷǤ)
.B data
¾Τ (data ֥̾ХʥפޤɽǽʥեǤ)
ХʥǡޤǤɤΤ줿Υեޥå
(core ե롢tar ֤ʤ) 㳰Ǥ롣
.I /usr/share/file/magic
ե file ץ༫Ȥѹ⡢
\fBΥɤѹʤ\fR
͡ϡǥ쥯ȥɤ߼ǽʥեФƤϡ
 ``text'' ɽȻפäƤ롣
Berkeley ĤƤä褦ˡ
``shell commands text''  ``shell script'' ѹꤷƤϤʤ
ե
.I /usr/share/file/magic
ϡΥץΥǥȥӥ塼Υ֥ǥ쥯ȥ
.I Magdir
ˤ¿ξʥե뤫鵡Ū˺Ƥդ뤳ȡ
.PP
ե륷ƥΥƥȤϡ
.BR stat (2)
ƥॳη̤θƤ˴ŤƹԤ롣
Υץϡե뤬Ǥ뤫䡢
üեǤ뤫å롣
¹Υƥͭδ¸Υե륿
(åȡܥå󥯡̾դѥ (FIFO)
(ƥǼƤ)) ϡ
ƥΥإåե
.I <sys/stat.h>
ƤСʬ롣
.PP
ޥåʥСƥȤϡ
ηޤäΥǡޤեåΤ˻Ȥ롣
äȤñϡХʥ¹Բǽե (ѥ뤵줿ץ)
.I a.out
Ǥ롣
ηɸ।󥯥롼ɥǥ쥯ȥ
.I a.out.h
Ƥ
.RI ( exec.h
ξ⤢)
ΥեˤϥեƬն֤
֥ޥåʥСפǼƤ롣
ˤ \s-1UNIX\s0 ڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥϡ
ե뤬Хʥ¹ԲǽǤ뤳Ȥʬꡢ
ΤΤɤΥե륿פǤ뤫ʬ롣
֥ޥåʥСפιͤϡǡեФĥˤѤƤ롣
եƬᤤ˰μ̻Ҥĥեϡ
̾ϤˡǵҤǤ롣
ΥեˤĤƤξ̻Ҥϡѥ뤵줿ޥåե
.I /usr/share/file/magic.mgc
ɤ߹ޤ롣
Υѥ뤵줿ե뤬ʤϡ
.I /usr/share/file/magic
ɤ߹ޤ롣

.B file

.I $HOME/.magic.mgc
ޤ
.I $HOME/.magic
ޥåեΥȥõ
.PP
ե뤬ޥåեΤɤΥȥȤޥåʤä硢
ƥȥեǤ뤫Ĵ٤롣
ʸɽǽʥƥȤ
ХϰϤΰ㤤Ĵ٤뤳Ȥˤꡢ
ASCII, ISO-8859-x, (Macintosh  IBM PC ƥǻѤƤ)
ISO ˽򤷤ʤ 8 ӥåȳĥ ASCII ʸ硢
UTF-8 󥳡ɤ줿˥ɡUTF-16 󥳡ɤ줿˥ɡ
EBCDIC ʸ̤롣
ե뤬ΥƥȤѥȡʸ̾ɽ롣
ASCII, ISO-8859-x, UTF-8, ĥ ASCII Υեϡ
ϤۤƤüɤळȤǤΤǡ
``text'' ȤƼ̤롣
UTF-16  EBCDIC Υեϡ
ȤƥȤޤǤȤƤɤѴɬפʤΤǡ
ñʤ ``character data'' Ȥ롣

.B file
ϥƥȷե¾ħꤷ褦Ȥ롣
եιԤ Unix ɸŪ LF ǤϤʤ
CR, CRLF, NEL ǽλƤϡλݤɽ롣
եȤ߹ (embedded) ץ󥹤
ŤǤ (overstriking) ޤޤƤ⡢λݤɽ롣
.PP
.B file
ϥƥȷեǻȤƤʸꤷϡ
ե뤬񤫤Ƥꤷ褦Ȥ롣
ƥȤǤϥեκǽο֥åΤɤ˸ʸ
.RI ( names.h
򻲾) õ
㤨Х
.B .br
СΥե¿ξ
.BR troff (1)
ϥեǤ뤳Ȥ򼨤Ƥꡢ

.B struct
 C ץǤ뤳Ȥ򼨤Ƥ롣
ΥƥȤΥƥȤ٤ȿ㤤Τǡ
Ǹ˼¹Ԥ롣
ƥȤΥ롼¾Υե륿 (㤨
.BR tar (1)
) ˴ؤƥȤԤ
.PP
˵󤲤ʸΤɤˤƤϤޤʤեϡ
ñ ``data'' ɽ롣
.SH ץ
.TP 8
.B "\-b, \-\-brief"
ϹԤκǽ˥ե̾ɽʤ (ʰץ⡼)
.TP 8
.B "\-c, \-\-checking\-printout"
ޥåեβϷɽƥå롣
̾
.B \-m
ץȰѤơ
ޥåե򥤥󥹥ȡ뤹ΥǥХå˻Ȥ
.TP 8
.B "\-C, \-\-compile"
ޥåե˲ϤƤޤϥե
magic.mgc 񤭽Ф
.TP 8
.BI "\-f, \-\-files\-from" " namefile"
¾ΰꥹȤˡե̾
.I namefile
ե뤫ɤ߹
(1 Ԥ 1 ĤΥե̾) 
.I namefile
ޤϾʤȤ 1 ĤΥե̾ʤФʤ
ɸϤƥȤϡե̾Ȥ ``\-'' Ȥȡ
.TP 8
.BI "\-F, \-\-separator" " separator"
ꤷʸե̾ȥեƥȤ̤ζڤʸȤ롣
ǥեȤ ``:'' Ǥ롣
.TP 8
.B "\-i, \-\-mime"
file ޥɤνϤʹ֤ɤߤ䤹ΤʤΤΤǤϤʤ
mime ʸˤ롣
ä ``ASCII text'' ǤϤʤ
``text/plain; charset=us-ascii'' Τ褦˽Ϥ롣
Υץư뤿ᡢ
file ޥɤǧեμ갷ˡ
(¿Υƥȥե륿פǥ쥯ȥ) ѹ
̤ ``magic'' եȤ褦ˤ
(Ρ֥եפΥ򻲾)
.TP 8
.B "\-k, \-\-keep\-going"
ǽ˥ޥåΤߤΥޥå󥰤˿ʤࡣ
.TP 8
.B "\-L, \-\-dereference"
(ƥबܥå󥯤򥵥ݡȤƤ)
.BR ls (1)
Ʊ̾ΥץƱͤˡܥå󥯤é褦ˤ롣
.TP 8
.BI "\-m, \-\-magic\-file" " list"
ޥåʥС񤫤줿̤ΥեΥꥹȤꤹ롣
1 ĤΥեǤ⡢ޤǶڤ줿եΥꥹȤǤ褤
ѥѤߤΥޥåե뤬˻ꤵ줿ϡ
ˤȤ
.TP 8
.B "\-n, \-\-no\-buffer"
1 ĤΥեåˡɸϤեå夹롣
ʣΥեåȤˤΤΩġ
Υץϡե륿פѥפϤ
ץǻȤ뤳ȤտޤƤ롣
\-i ޤ \-\-mime ץȰ˻ꤹȡ
Υץϳƥե̾θ ".mime" ɲä롣
.TP 8
.B "\-N, \-\-no\-pad"
Ϥ󤹤뤿Υե̾ؤζɲäԤʤ
.TP 8
.B "\-p, \-\-preserve\-date"
.BR utime (2)
ޤ
.BR utimes(2)
򥵥ݡȤ륷ƥǤϡ
.BR file (1)
Ϥեɤ߹ޤʤäΤ褦ˤ뤿ᡢ
¸褦Ȥ롣
.TP 8
.B "\-r, \-\-raw"
ǽʸ \eooo Ѵʤ
̾
.B file
ϰǽʸ 8 ʿɽѴ롣
.TP 8
.B "\-s, \-\-special\-files"
̾
.B file
ϡǻꤵ줿եΤ
.BR stat (2)
̾Υե (ordinary file) Ȥ줿եΤߤɤ߹ǡ
פηԤ
üեɤ߹Ȱ۾ʷ̤Τʤᡢ
ưˤɻߤƤ롣
.BR \-s
ץꤹȡ
.B file
ϰǻꤵ줿֥åڥե
饯ڥեɤ߹ࡣ
֥åڥեǤ
raw ǥѡƥΥǡ
ե륷ƥॿפꤹΤΩġ
Υץꤹ
.B file

.BR stat (2)
֤ե륵̵뤹롣
 raw ǥѡƥΥ
0 Ȥ֤ƥ¸ߤ뤿Ǥ롣
.TP 8
.B "\-v, \-\-version"
ץΥСɽƽλ롣
.TP 8
.B "\-z, \-\-uncompress"
̥ե⸡롣
.TP 8
.B "\-\-help"
إץåɽƽλ롣
.SH ե
.TP
.I /usr/share/file/magic.mgc
ǥեȤΥѥѤߤΥޥåʥСΥꥹȡ
.TP
.I /usr/share/file/magic
ǥեȤΥޥåʥСΥꥹȡ
.TP
.I /usr/share/file/magic.mime.mgc
ǥեȤΥѥѤߤΥޥåʥСΥꥹȡ
\-i ץ󤬻ꤵ줿ˡmime פϤΤ˻Ѥ롣
.TP
.I /usr/share/file/magic.mime
ǥեȤΥޥåʥСΥꥹȡ
\-i ץ󤬻ꤵ줿ˡmime פϤΤ˻Ѥ롣
.TP
.I /etc/magic
ޥåʥСˤĤƤΥɲþ

.SH Ķѿ
Ķѿ
.B MAGIC
ϥǥեȤΥޥåʥСե̾ꤹ롣
.B file
Ϥѿͤ ".mime"  ".mgc" Ŭɲä
(ɤ餫ξ⤢)
ѿꤵȡ
.B file

.B $HOME/.magic
򥪡ץ󤷤ʤ
.SH Ϣ
.BR magic (4)
\- ޥåեΥեޥåȤˤĤƤεҡ
.br
.BR strings (1), " od" (1), " hexdump" (1)
\- ƥȥե򸡺뤿Υġ롣
.SH ɸؤν
Υץ System V Interface Definition 
FILE(CMD) ͥƤȹͤƤ롣
ե˴ޤޤƤۣʸ줫ꤹȤǤϻƤ롣
ưƱ̾ System V ΥץȤܸۤߴ롣
ΥСϤ¿ΥޥåʥСǧ롣
¿ξ硢System V ΤΤȤϰۤʤä
(äΤ) ϤԤ
.PP
System V СȤνפʰ㤤ϡ
ΥСǤ϶ڤʸȤưˡ
ѥʸˤʸ򤷤ʤФʤʤȤˤ롣
㤨С
.br
>10	string	language impress\ 	(imPRESS data)
.br
Ȥ¸Υޥåեϡ
.br
>10	string	language\e impress	(imPRESS data)
.br
Τ褦ѹʤФʤʤ
ˤΥСǤϡХååޤѥʸ
פʤФʤʤ
㤨С
.br
0	string		\ebegindata	Andrew Toolkit document
.br
Ȥ¸Υޥåեϡ
.br
0	string		\e\ebegindata	Andrew Toolkit document
.br
Τ褦ѹʤФʤʤ
.PP
Sun Microsystems  SunOS releases 3.2 ʹߤˤϡ
System V ΤΤ
.BR file (1)
ޥɤޤޤƤ뤬ĤĥƤ롣
κäСϡSun ΤΤȺ٤ʰ㤤ʤ
Sun ΥС `&' ڥ졼γĥޤޤ졢
㤨аʲΤ褦˻Ȥ롣
.br
>16	long&0x7fffffff	>0		not stripped
.SH ޥåǥ쥯ȥ
ޥåեΥȥϡ
ʾ󸻡 USENET 齸졢
¿Ԥ£Ƥä
Christos Zoulas (ɥ쥹ϰʲ) ϥޥåե륨ȥ
᤿꽤ꤷƤ줿
ޥåեΥȥ礷Τϡ
ŪۤͽǤ롣
.PP
ޥåեΥȥϽ֤פǤ롣
ѤƤ륷ƥˤäƤϡ֤ȤߤǤ뤫⤷ʤ
Ť
.B file
ޥɤޥåեȤäƤ硢
ӤΤ˸ŤޥåեĤƤ
.RI ( /usr/share/file/magic.orig
̾ѹƤ)
.SH 
.nf
$ file file.c file /dev/{wd0a,hda}
file.c:   C program text
file:     ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV),
          dynamically linked (uses shared libs), stripped
/dev/wd0a: block special (0/0)
/dev/hda: block special (3/0)

$ file -s /dev/wd0{b,d}
/dev/wd0b: data
/dev/wd0d: x86 boot sector

$ file -s /dev/hda{,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
/dev/hda:   x86 boot sector
/dev/hda1:  Linux/i386 ext2 filesystem
/dev/hda2:  x86 boot sector
/dev/hda3:  x86 boot sector, extended partition table
/dev/hda4:  Linux/i386 ext2 filesystem
/dev/hda5:  Linux/i386 swap file
/dev/hda6:  Linux/i386 swap file
/dev/hda7:  Linux/i386 swap file
/dev/hda8:  Linux/i386 swap file
/dev/hda9:  empty
/dev/hda10: empty

$ file -i file.c file /dev/{wd0a,hda}
file.c:      text/x-c
file:        application/x-executable, dynamically linked (uses shared libs),
not stripped
/dev/hda:    application/x-not-regular-file
/dev/wd0a:   application/x-not-regular-file

.fi
.SH 
ʤȤ Research Version 4 ʹߤƤ \s-1UNIX\s0 ˡ
.B file
ޥɤϴޤޤƤ
(man ڡդ 1973 ǯ 11 Ǥ)
System V СǤϽѹԤ졢
ޥåʥСפΥꥹȤݻ褦ˤʤä
ѹϥץ餫٤ȤƤˤ
.PP
System V С١ˤΥץϡ
ïΥɤ⸫
Ian Darwin <ian@darwinsys.com> ˤäƽ񤫤줿
.PP
John Gilmore ϥɤϰϤˤ錄äƲ
ǽΥСɤ
Geoff Collyer ϤĤη򸫤Ĥ
ޥåե륨ȥ󶡤
`&' ڥ졼ˤĤƤ 1989 ǯ
Rob McMahon, cudcv@warwick.ac.uk ׸
.PP
Guy Harris, guy@netapp.com  1993 ǯ鸽ߤ˻ޤ
¿ѹԤäƤ롣
.PP
Christos Zoulas (christos@astron.com)  1990 ǯ˺ǽγȯԤ
ߤޤǥƥʥ󥹤ԤäƤ롣
.PP
2000 ǯ Chris Lowth, chris@lowth.com ˤѹ:
̤ΥޥåեåȤ
``-i''  mime ʸϤ褦ˤ
.PP
2000 ǯ 7  Eric Fischer (enf@pobox.com) ˤѹ:
ʸɤ̤ ASCII եθ̤褦ˤ
.PP
"Magdir" ǥ쥯ȥ (/etc/magic եΥ) ι׸ԤΥꥹȤϡ
ĹΤǤˤϴޤʤ
׸Ƥ줿ͤϼʬ׸ȤΤäƤǤ礦
դޤ
.SH ˡŪ
Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, Toronto, Canada, 1986-1999.
Υեȥ standard Berkeley Software Distribution copyright ˤ
ݸƤ롣
ۤˤ LEGAL.NOTICE ե򻲾Ȥ뤳ȡ
.PP
ե
.I tar.h

.I is_tar.c
 John Gilmore ˤäƽ񤫤줿Τǡ
Υѥ֥åɥᥤ
.B tar
ץͳ褹롣
 2 ĤΥեˤϾ嵭Υ饤󥹤ŬѤʤ
.SH Х
magdir ˤƤΥե뤫 Magic եưŪ˹ۤ
äɤˡ٤
ϤɤʤΤ ?
ư®뤿ˤϡ
ޥåեХʥ˥ѥ뤷Ƥ٤
(Ĥޤ
.BR ndbm (3)
䡢ۤʤ OS ˤͥåȥĶǻȤ˸Ĺ
.SM ASCII
ʸˤΤɤ)
ˤꡢSystem V Сνޤޡ
Ʊ̾ Version 7 Υץ®ʤ
.PP
.B file
ˤΤ®٤Ż뤷르ꥺबȤƤ뤿ᡢ
ƥȥեƤɤ߸뤳Ȥ롣
.PP
(˥ץߥ󥰸оݤȤ) ƥȥեΥݡȤϡ
ñ㲽ƤԽʬǤꡢˤϺƥѥ뤬ɬפǤ롣
.PP
³ιԤɤäƤˤϡ``else'' դƤ٤Ǥ롣
.PP
ޥåեȥɤɽ򥵥ݡȤ٤Ǥ롣
.SM "ASCII TAB"
եɤζڤʸȤƻѤΤϡ
줷ԽŤ餤夷Ƥ롣
㤨
.BR troff (1)
ޥɤФ man ڡΥޥΤ褦ˡ
ɤʸĤ褦ˤΤ˾ޤ
ɽݡȤС줬ñˤǤ
.PP
Υץ \s-2FORTRAN\s0 Ƚ̤Ǥʤ
ϹԤǥǥȤƤ륭ɤ򸫤ơ
\s-2FORTRAN\s0 ǤȽǤ٤Ǥ롣
ɽݡȤС줬ñˤǤ
.PP
.I ascmagic
ˤ륭ɤϡ¿ʬ Magic ե٤
ϥեåͤ `*' Τ褦ʥɤȤȤDzǽ
.PP
¾κŬȤƤϥޥåեΥȤ롣
ˤɤ߹ǤޤС
ǽΥХȡǽΥɡǽ long ... Ȥ褦
ƤΥƥȤͤߤƤȤǤ롣
ޥåե륨ȥξͤˤĤƶäƤ
ޥåեΥȥΥȤϡ
ޥåեˤ֤ǤϤʤե륪եåȤǹԤ
Ȥ롼ˤ٤ ?
.PP
ꤷ̤֤ɤΤ餤ɤפɾʤ
ץब󶡤٤Ǥ롣
ǽŪˤ (㤨 ``Newsgroups:'' Ф ``Return-Path:'' Τ褦) 
¾ο̤ɤʤ
(㤨Сեκǽ 5 ʸ ``From '' ʤ) Ϻ롣
¾ο̤ФʤС
ǽο̤Ȥ褦ˤƤ٤Ǥ롣
.PP
ΥץϡĤΥ٥ file ޥɤ٤
ʣʸɤ򿷤ݡȤȤǡä٤ʤäƤޤä
.PP
 man ڡäˤΥĹ롣
.SH ˡ
ꥸʥκԤκǿСϡanonymous FTP 
.B ftp.astron.com
Υǥ쥯ȥ
.I /pub/file/file-X.YZ.tar.gz
Ǥ롣