.\" Copyright (c) 2002 Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\"
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.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
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.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
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.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" 2007-10-23 mtk Added intro paragraph about section, plus a paragraph
.\"     about exit status values.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2002 Akihiro MOTOKI, all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Mon Mar  5 2003 by Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\"
.\"WORD introduction Ҳ
.\"WORD tree	
.\"
.TH INTRO 1 2007-11-15 "Linux" "Linux User's Manual"
.SH ̾
intro \- 桼ޥɤξҲ
.SH 
ޥ˥奢 1 Ϥϡ桼ޥɤġˤĤƤ롣
㤨Сեġ롢롢ѥ顢֥֥饦
ե䥤᡼Υӥ塼䥨ǥʤɤǤ롣

٤ƤΥޥɤϽλ˥ơ֤ͤ
ͤ򸡺뤳Ȥ (㤨СۤȤɤΥǤѿ
.I $?
˺Ǹ˼¹ԤޥɤΥơݻ)
ΥޥɤƴλɤΤ뤳ȤǤ롣
Ūˡλơ 0 򼨤Τ˻Ȥ졢 0 ͤ
ΥޥɤʤäȤ򼨤
(λơξܺ٤
.BR wait (2)
˽񤫤Ƥ)
 0 νλơ 1  255 ϰϤͤȤ뤳ȤǤ
ĤΥޥɤǤϥޥɤԤͳ򼨤
ʣ 0 ΥơͤѤƤ롣
.SH 
Linux  Unix ΰǤꡢ绨ĤˤС
Unix Υ桼ޥɤϤ٤ Linux ǤƱư򤹤
(FreeBSD ¾Τ¿ Unix ΥƥǤƱͤǤ)
.LP
Linux ˤ GUI (ե롦桼󥿥ե) ѰդƤꡢ
ݥȤꡢåꡢɥåǤޤ
ǽˤʸɤޤʤƤŪκȤǤƤޤȤ⤢롣
Ū Unix Ķ CLI (ޥɡ饤󡦥󥿥ե) Ǥꡢ
ޥɤǤǡԥ塼˲򤹤٤Ƥ롣
CLI  GUI ®ϤɤΥޥɤ򤹤ΤΤäƤɬ
롣CLI ȤϤ뤿ɬ׺Ǿ¤Υޥɤʲ˽Ҥ٤롣
.SS 
Ȥ򳫻Ϥ뤿ˤϡޤǽ˥󤷤ʤФʤʤ
ʤ桼̾ȥѥɤϤʤФʤʤܤ
.BR login (1)
򻲾ȤΤȡ
.I login
ץ (ޥɡ󥿡ץ꥿Ǥ)
.I " (shell)"
ư롣ե롦ξϡ˥塼䥢󤬤
꡼ɽ졢ޥ򥯥åȥɥ
뤬ư뤳Ȥܤ
.BR xterm (1)
򻲾ȤΤȡ
.SS 
ޥɤϡޥɡ󥿡ץ꥿Ǥ
.I 
ФϤ롣
.I 
ϡȤ߹ߥޥɤǤϤʤ̤ΥץǤꡢߤΤΤѹ
ȤǤ롣ƿͤˤϤ줾칥ߤΥ뤬롣ɸΥ
.I sh
ȸƤФ롣
.BR ash (1),
.BR bash (1),
.BR csh (1),
.BR zsh (1),
.BR chsh (1)
򻲾ȤΤȡ
.LP
åʲ˼

.RS
.nf
.BI "knuth login: " aeb
.BI "Password: " ********
.BI "% " date
Tue Aug  6 23:50:44 CEST 2002
.BI "% " cal
	  August 2002
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
             1  2  3
 4  5  6  7  8  9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31

.BI "% " ls
bin  tel
.BI "% " "ls \-l"
total 2
drwxrwxr\-x   2 aeb       1024 Aug  6 23:51 bin
\-rw\-rw\-r\-\-   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:52 tel
.BI "% " "cat tel"
maja    0501\-1136285
peter   0136\-7399214
.BI "% " "cp tel tel2"
.BI "% " "ls \-l"
total 3
drwxr\-xr\-x   2 aeb       1024 Aug  6 23:51 bin
\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\-   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:52 tel
\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\-   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:53 tel2
.BI "% " "mv tel tel1"
.BI "% " "ls \-l"
total 3
drwxr\-xr\-x   2 aeb       1024 Aug  6 23:51 bin
\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\-   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:52 tel1
\-rw\-r\-\-r\-\-   1 aeb         37 Aug  6 23:53 tel2
.BI "% " "diff tel1 tel2"
.BI "% " "rm tel1"
.BI "% " "grep maja tel2"
maja    0501\-1136285
.BI "% "
.fi
.RE

 Control-D ǤĤȥå󤬽λ롣
ǡ
.B "% "
ϥޥɡץץȤǤ롣ޥɡץץȤϥäΤǡ
뤬Υޥɤդ֤ˤʤäƤ뤳Ȥ򼨤Ƥ롣
ץץȤϡ˥ޥ
뤳ȤǤ桼̾ޥ̾ȡǥ쥯ȥꡢʤɤ
ץץȤ˴ޤ뤳ȤǤ롣
PS1="What next, master? " ꤹȡ
ץץȤϤΤ褦ѹ
.LP
ˤ褦ˡ
.I date
ȤդȻɽ륳ޥɤ䡢
.I cal
Ȥɽ륳ޥɤ⤢롣
.LP
.I ls
ޥɤϥȡǥ쥯ȥƤꥹɽ롢Ĥޤ
ǥ쥯ȥˤɤʥե뤬뤫򶵤Ƥ롣
\-l ץĤƼ¹ԤȡܺɽԤ졢
եνͭԡդʤɤɽ롣
Ǥϡ"tel" եϡ 37 ХȤǡͭԤ aeb ǡ
ͭԤɤ߽񤭤Ǥ¾οͤɤ߽ФǤ뤳Ȥʬ롣
եνͭԤȸ (permission) ϡ줾
.I chown
ޥɤ
.I chmod
ޥɤѹǤ롣
.LP
.I cat
ޥɤϥեƤɽ롣
(ޥ̾ "concatenate and print" (Ϣ뤷ư) ͳ褷Ƥ롣
ȤͿ줿ƤΥեƤϢ뤵졢ɸϡ
롣ǤϡɸϤüΥ꡼Ǥ롣)
.LP
.I cp
ޥɤϥեΥԡԤ (̾ "copy" ͳ褹)

.I mv
ޥɤñ˥ե̾ѹԤ
(̾ "move" ͳ褹)
.LP
.I diff
ޥɤ 2 ĤΥեΰ㤤ɽ롣
ǤϡĤΥե˰㤤ʤΤǡϤƤʤ
.LP
.I rm
ޥɤϥե롣եϤʤʤäƤޤΤ
դƻѤ뤳! ȢΤϤʤ
ϤΥե뤬˼뤳Ȥ̣롣
.LP
.I grep
ޥɤϡꤵ줿ʸİʾΥե뤫õ
(ޥ̾ "g/re/p" ͳ褷Ƥ)
ǤϡMaja ֹ椬ĤäƤ롣
.SS ѥ̾ȥȡǥ쥯ȥ
եϥե볬ؤȤ礭ڤˤ롣줾Υեˤ
.I "ѥ̾ (pathname)"
ꡢѥ̾ (/ ȸƤФ) ڤκηϩ򼨤ΤǤ롣
Ǥϡʥѥ̾ /home/aeb/tel Τ褦ˤʤ롣
Ĥⴰʥѥ̾ȤΤؤʤΤǡȡǥ쥯ȥˤ
ե̾ϡե̾κǸʬ˾ά뤳ȤǤ롣
äơȡǥ쥯ȥ꤬ "/home/aeb" λϡ "/home/aeb/tel"
 "tel" ˾άƽ񤯤ȤǤ롣
.LP
.I pwd
ޥɤϥȡǥ쥯ȥɽ롣
.LP
.I cd
ޥɤϥȡǥ쥯ȥѹ롣
"cd /""pwd""cd""pwd" Ƚ˼¹ԤƤߤȤ褤
.SS ǥ쥯ȥ
.I mkdir
ޥɤϥǥ쥯ȥ򿷵˺롣
.LP
.I rmdir
ޥɤ϶ǤХǥ쥯ȥ
ǤʤХ顼åɽ롣
.LP
.I find
ޥɤϡꤵ줿̾䤽¾°ĥեõ
(񼰤ϤʤѤäƤ)㤨С"find . \-name tel" ¹Ԥȡ"tel"
Ȥ̾Υեθ򥫥ȡǥ쥯ȥ꤫鳫Ϥ롣
(ȡǥ쥯ȥ "." ɽ)"find / \-name tel" ȤƤ
ƱȤԤڤκ (/) 鳫Ϥ롣
 GB ΥǥФƸ򤫤Ȼ֤Τǡ
Τ褦ʤȤ
.BR locate (1)
Ȥä⤷ʤ
.SS ǥȥե륷ƥ
.I mount
ޥɤϡ(եåԡ CDROM ʤɤ) ǥΥե륷ƥ
礭ʥե륷ƥ೬ؤ³롣դ
.I umount
ޥɤڤΥԤ
.I df
ޥɤ¹Ԥȡǥ̤̤ɤ٤ɽ롣
.SS ץ
Unix ƥǤϡ¿Υ桼ץȥƥץƱ˼¹Ԥ롣
Ū˼¹ԤǤץ
.I foreground
Ǽ¹ԤƤꡢǤʤΤ
.I background
Ǽ¹ԤƤ롣
ޥ
.I ps
ˤꡢɤΥץ¹ԤƤ뤫ץäƤֹ
(ץֹ) ɽǤ롣
ޥ
.I kill
ȤȤǡץȤǤ롣
ץʤǼ¹Ԥȡ֤ʤʤäƲפȤ䤵׵
Ԥ"kill \-9" ³ƥץֹꤹȡꤷץ
ľ˺롣
foreground ץ¿ξ Control-C 򥿥פ뤳Ȥ
ȤǤ롣
.SS õ
ˤΥޥɤꡢ
줾ΥޥɤˤϤΥץ󤬤롣
Ūˤϡޥɤ (ΥɥȤ⤽)
.I "man ڡ"
˽񤫤Ƥ롣㤨 "man kill" ޥɤ¹Ԥȡ"kill" ޥɤ
Ȥ˴ؤɽ롣(Ʊͤ "man man"  "man" ޥɤ
ĤƤɽ롣)
.I man
ץϥƥȤ
.I pager
ϤɽԤ
.I pager
Ȥ
.I less
Ȥ뤳Ȥ¿
Υڡ˿ʤˤϥڡ򡢽λˤ q 򲡤
.LP
ɥȤǤϡ¾ man ڡؤλȤ
.BR man (1)
Τ褦̾ȥֹǼΤŪǤ롣
man ڡϴʷ˽񤫤Ƥꡢܺ٤˺줿Ȥ᤯򸫤Ĥ
ȤǤ롣ȤȤεܤ⤢ΤǡƤοͤˤȤäƤ
ΩĤΤǤ롣
.LP
¿ GNU/FSF եȥˤ info ե뤬°Ƥ롣
"info info" ȥפȡ"info" ץλȤξҲɽ롣
.LP
ýˤĤƤ HOWTO ǰ뤳Ȥ¿
.I /usr/share/doc/howto/en
򸫤Ȥ
HTML ե뤬äϥ֥饦ȤäɽФ褤
.\"
.\" Actual examples? Separate section for each of cat, cp, ...?
.\" gzip, bzip2, tar, rpm
.SH Ϣ
.BR standards (7)