'\" t
.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt (drew@cs.colorado.edu), March 28, 1992
.\" Parts Copyright (c) 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt (janl@ifi.uio.no), 1/1/95
.\" and Copyright (c) 2007 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
.\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
.\" Modified 1995-05-18 by Todd Larason <jtl@molehill.org>
.\" Modified 1997-01-31 by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
.\" Modified 1995-01-09 by Richard Kettlewell <richard@greenend.org.uk>
.\" Modified 1998-05-13 by Michael Haardt <michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>
.\" Modified 1999-07-06 by aeb & Albert Cahalan
.\" Modified 2000-01-07 by aeb
.\" Modified 2004-06-23 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\" 2007-06-08 mtk: Added example program
.\" 2007-07-05 mtk: Added details on underlying system call interfaces
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1998-1999 HANATAKA Shinya
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1998-06-21, HANATAKA Shinya <hanataka@abyss.rim.or.jp>
.\" Modified 1999-04-16, HANATAKA Shinya
.\" Updated 2000-01-03, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2000-10-06, Kentaro Shirakata
.\" Updated 2001-04-09, Kentaro Shirakata
.\" Updated 2001-06-25, Kentaro Shirakata
.\" Updated 2005-02-28, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2005-09-06, Akihiro MOTOKI
.\" Updated 2005-11-19, Akihiro MOTOKI, catch up to LDP v2.14
.\" Updated 2006-07-21, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v2.36
.\" Updated 2007-06-13, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v2.55
.\"
.\"WORD:	status			
.\"WORD:	directory		ǥ쥯ȥ
.\"WORD:	open			ץ
.\"WORD:	implement		
.\"WORD:	owner			ͭ
.\"WORD:	group			롼
.\"WORD:	user			桼
.\"WORD:	other			¾
.\"WORD:	hard link count		ϡɡ󥯿
.\"WORD:	symbolic link		ܥå
.\"WORD:	socket			å
.\"WORD:	device			ǥХ
.\"WORD:	sticky bit		ƥåӥå
.\"WORD:	mandatory locking	å
.\"
.TH STAT 2 2007-07-26 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
stat, fstat, lstat \- եξ֤
.SH 
.B #include <sys/types.h>
.br
.B #include <sys/stat.h>
.br
.B #include <unistd.h>
.sp
.BI "int stat(const char *" path ", struct stat *" buf );
.br
.BI "int fstat(int " fd ", struct stat *" buf );
.br
.BI "int lstat(const char *" path ", struct stat *" buf );
.sp
.in -4n
glibc εǽޥ׷
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
):
.in
.sp
.BR lstat ():
_BSD_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE\ >=\ 500
.SH 
.PP
δؿϥեˤĤƤξ֤
ե뤽ΤΤФ륢ĤɬפȤʤ
\(em
.BR stat ()

.BR lstat ()
ξˤ
\(em
Υեػ
.I path
ƤΥǥ쥯ȥФ¹ () ĤɬפǤ롣
.PP
.BR stat ()

.I path
ǻꤵ줿եξ֤
.I buf
سǼ롣

.BR lstat ()

.BR stat ()
ƱǤ뤬
.I path
ܥå󥯤ξ硢󥯤ȤƤեǤϤʤ
󥯼Ȥξ֤ۤʤ롣

.BR fstat ()

.BR stat ()
Ʊ
֤եե롦ǥץ
.I fd
ǻꤹ롣
.PP
ΥƥॳϤ⡢̤
.I stat
¤Τ֤
.I stat
¤ΤˤϰʲΥեɤޤޤƤ:
.PP
.in +4n
.nf
struct stat {
    dev_t     st_dev;     /* ե뤬ǥХ ID */
    ino_t     st_ino;     /* inode ֹ */
    mode_t    st_mode;    /* ݸ */
    nlink_t   st_nlink;   /* ϡɥ󥯤ο */
    uid_t     st_uid;     /* ͭԤΥ桼 ID */
    gid_t     st_gid;     /* ͭԤΥ롼 ID */
    dev_t     st_rdev;    /* ǥХ ID (üեξ) */
    off_t     st_size;    /* ΤΥ (Хñ) */
    blksize_t st_blksize; /* ե륷ƥ I/O Ǥ
                             ֥å */
    blkcnt_t  st_blocks;  /* Ƥ줿֥å */
    time_t    st_atime;   /* ǽ */
    time_t    st_mtime;   /* ǽ */
    time_t    st_ctime;   /* ǽѹ */
};
.fi
.in
.PP
.I st_dev
եɤϡΥե뤬¸ߤǥХ򼨤

.I st_rdev
եɤϡΥե (inode) ɽǥХ򼨤

.I st_size
եɤϡ(̾Υե뤫ܥå󥯤ξ)
ե礭Хñ̤Ǽ
ܥå󥯤礭ϡܥå󥯤˴ޤޤƤ
ѥ̾Ĺ (Ǹ NULL ХȤϴޤޤʤ) Ǥ롣

.I st_blocks
եɤϡե礭 512 ХȤΥ֥åñ̤Ǽ
եɤϡե˳Ƥ줿֥å 512 Хñ̤Ǽ
(ե˷꤬褦ʾ硢ͤ
.IR st_size /512
꾮ʤ뤳Ȥ⤢)

.I st_blksize
եɤϡΨŪ˥ե롦ƥ I/O Ǥֹޤ
֥å򼨤 (äȾñ̤ǥե˽񤭹ߤԤȡ
ɤ߽Ф----ƽ񤭹ߤȤäΨưˤʤäƤޤ⤷ʤ)
.PP
Ƥ Linux Υե롦ƥबƤλ֥եɤ
Ƥ櫓ǤϤʤ
ե륢
.I st_atime
եɤ򹹿ʤ褦ʤǥޥȤǤե륷ƥ⤢롣
.RB ( mount (8)
 "noatime" ץ򻲾)

.I st_atime
եɤϥե륢äѹ
(㤨С
.BR execve (2),
.BR mknod (2),
.BR pipe (2),
.BR utime (2)
Ѥ
.BR read (2)
 1 ХȰʾɤ߹ʤ)
.BR mmap (2)
ʤɤ¾Υ롼Ǥϡ
.I st_atime
Ϲ뤳Ȥ⤢СǤʤ⤢롣

.I st_mtime
եɤϡե뤬줿ѹ
(㤨С
.BR mknod (2),
.BR truncate (2),
.BR utime (2)
Ѥ
.BR write (2)
 1 ХȰʾ񤭹ߤ򤷤ʤ)
ˡǥ쥯ȥ
.I st_mtime
ϡΥǥ쥯ȥ
ե뤬줿줿ꤹѹ롣
.I st_mtime
եɤ
ͭԤ䥰롼פϡɡ󥯿⡼ɤѹǤѹ
.I ʤ

.I st_ctime
եɤϽ񤭹ߤ inode 
(ͭԡ롼ס󥯿⡼ɤʤ) 
ˤäѹ롣
.PP
ʲ POSIX ޥϡ
.I st_mode
ե
ǻѤե̤ΥåΤƤ :
.RS 4
.TP 1.2i
.BR S_ISREG (m)
̾Υե뤫?
.TP
.BR S_ISDIR (m)
ǥ쥯ȥ꤫?
.TP
.BR S_ISCHR (m)
饯ǥХ?
.TP
.BR S_ISBLK (m)
֥åǥХ?
.TP
.BR S_ISFIFO (m)
FIFO (̾դѥ) ?
.TP
.BR S_ISLNK (m)
ܥå󥯤? (POSIX.1-1996 ˤϤʤ)
.TP
.BR S_ISSOCK (m)
åȤ? (POSIX.1-1996 ˤϤʤ)
.RE
.PP
ʲΥե饰
.I st_mode
եѤƤ:
.in +4n
.TS
lB l l.
S_IFMT	0170000	ե̤򼨤ӥåΰɽӥåȥޥ
S_IFSOCK	0140000	å
S_IFLNK	0120000	ܥå
S_IFREG	0100000	̾Υե
S_IFBLK	0060000	֥åǥХ
S_IFDIR	0040000	ǥ쥯ȥ
S_IFCHR	0020000	饯ǥХ
S_IFIFO	0010000	FIFO
S_ISUID	0004000	set-user-ID bit
S_ISGID	0002000	set-group-ID bit ()
S_ISVTX	0001000	ƥåӥå ()
S_IRWXU	00700	եͭԤΥѤΥӥåȥޥ
S_IRUSR	00400	ͭԤɤ߹ߵ
S_IWUSR	00200	ͭԤν񤭹ߵ
S_IXUSR	00100	ͭԤμ¹Ե
S_IRWXG	00070	롼פΥѤΥӥåȥޥ
S_IRGRP	00040	롼פɤ߹ߵ
S_IWGRP	00020	롼פν񤭹ߵ
S_IXGRP	00010	롼פμ¹Ե
S_IRWXO	00007	¾ (others) ΥѤΥӥåȥޥ
S_IROTH	00004	¾ͤɤ߹ߵ
S_IWOTH	00002	¾ͤν񤭹ߵ
S_IXOTH	00001	¾ͤμ¹Ե
.TE
.in
.P
set-group-ID bit
.RB ( S_ISGID )
ˤϤĤüʻˡ:
ǥ쥯ȥꤷˤϡΥǥ쥯ȥ꤬ BSD ǻѤ
Ȥ򼨤ĤޤꡢΥǥ쥯ȥ˺줿եΥ롼ID 
ץμ¸ (effective) 롼ID ǤϤʤǥ쥯ȥ
롼ID Ѿ롣ޤΥǥ쥯ȥ˺줿ǥ쥯ȥˤ
.B S_ISGID
ӥåȤꤵ롣롼׼¹ԥӥå
.RB ( S_IXGRP )
ꤵƤʤեꤵ줿ϡ
set-group-ID ӥåȤϥե/쥳ɤ
Ū (mandatory) åɽ
.P
ǥ쥯ȥ˥ƥåӥå (S_ISVTX) ꤵ줿ϡ
Υǥ쥯ȥΥե̾ѹꡢǤΤϡ
ΥեνͭԤΥǥ쥯ȥνͭԤøץ
Ȥʤ롣
.SH ֤
 0 ֤顼ξ \-1 ֤
.I errno
Ŭڤͤꤵ롣
.SH 顼
.TP
.B EACCES
.I path
°ǥ쥯ȥȤξ̤Υǥ쥯ȥΤ줫
Ф븡Ĥʤä
.RB ( path_resolution (7)
⻲ȤΤ)
.TP
.B EBADF
.I fd
Ǥ롣
.TP
.B EFAULT
ɥ쥹ְäƤ롣
.TP
.B ELOOP
ѥéݤ˲褹٤ܥå󥯤¿᤮
.TP
.B ENAMETOOLONG
ե̾Ĺ᤮롣
.TP
.B ENOENT
ѥ
.I path
ιǤ¸ߤʤѥʸǤ롣
.TP
.B ENOMEM
ͥΥ꤬­ʤ
.TP
.B ENOTDIR
ѥιǤǥ쥯ȥǤϤʤ
.SH 
Υƥॳ SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001 ˽򤷤Ƥ롣
.BR stat ()

.BR fstat ()
 SVr4, SVID, POSIX, X/OPEN, 4.3BSD ˽򤷤Ƥ롣
.BR lstat ()
 4.3BSD  SVr4 ˽򤷤Ƥ롣
.\" SVr4 ˤ¾
.\" .BR fstat ()
.\" Υ顼Ȥ EINTR, ENOLINK, EOVERFLOW ܤƤ롣
.\" SVr4 ˤ¾
.\" .BR stat ()
.\" 
.\" .BR lstat ()
.\" Υ顼Ȥ EINTR, EMULTIHOP, ENOLINK, EOVERFLOW ܤƤ롣

.I st_blocks

.I st_blksize
եɤλѤϤޤܿʤ
(Υեɤ BSD ˤäƳ줿
ƥऴȤ˲᤬ۤʤäƤꡢ
NFS ޥȤξˤƱƥǤۤʤǽ)
.LP
POSIX ˤ
.BR S_IFMT ,
.BR S_IFSOCK ,
.BR S_IFLNK ,
.BR S_IFREG ,
.BR S_IFBLK ,
.BR S_IFDIR ,
.BR S_IFCHR ,
.BR S_IFIFO ,
.B S_ISVTX
ӥåȤˤĤƤεҤϤʤ
.BR S_ISDIR ()
Τ褦ʥޥѤ褦׵ᤷƤ롣
ޥ
.BR S_ISLNK ()

.BR S_ISSOCK ()
 POSIX.1-1996 ˤϤʤ
POSIX.1-2001 ˤξȤ¸ߤ롣
Ԥ SVID 4 ˡԤ SUSv2 ͳ褷Ƥ롣
.LP
Unix V7 (ȤθΥƥ) 
.BR S_IREAD ,
.BR S_IWRITE ,
.B S_IEXEC
äƤꡢ
POSIX ϤƱȤ
.BR S_IRUSR ,
.BR S_IWUSR ,
.B S_IXUSR
ꤷƤ롣
.SS ¾Υƥ
Ƽ亮ƥǻѤƤ():
.TS
l l l l l.
16	̾	ls	8ʿ	
f000	S_IFMT		170000	ե̥եɤΥӥåȥޥ
0000			000000	SCO Ǥ ǽ inode;
				BSD Ǥ̤ΤΥե;
				SVID-v2  XPG2 Ǥ 0  0100000 
				ξ̤Υե
1000	S_IFIFO	p|	010000	FIFO (̾դѥ)
2000	S_IFCHR	c	020000	饯üե (V7)
3000	S_IFMPC		030000	¿Ų줿饯üե (V7)
4000	S_IFDIR	d/	040000	ǥ쥯ȥ (V7)
5000	S_IFNAM		050000	XENIX Ĥ̾դ
				üե
				 \fIst_rdev\fP  1,2 Ƕ̤:
0001	S_INSEM	s	000001	XENIX IFNAMΥޥե
0002	S_INSHD	m	000002	XENIX IFNAMζͭǡ
6000	S_IFBLK	b	060000	֥åüե (V7)
7000	S_IFMPB		070000	¿Ų줿֥åüե (V7)
8000	S_IFREG	-	100000	̾ե (V7)
9000	S_IFCMP		110000	VxFS ̥ե
9000	S_IFNWK	n	110000	ͥåȥüե (HP-UX)
a000	S_IFLNK	l@	120000	ܥå (BSD)
b000	S_IFSHAD		130000	Solaris ACL Τα줿 inode
				(桼֤ϸʤ)
c000	S_IFSOCK	s=	140000	å (BSD; VxFS  "S_IFSOC")
d000	S_IFDOOR	D>	150000	Solaris ɥե
e000	S_IFWHT	w%	160000	BSD ե (inode Ѥʤ)
0200	S_ISVTX		001000	`ƥåӥå':Ѹ
				åפ˻Ĥ (V7)
				ͽ (SVID-v2)
				ǥ쥯ȥʳ: ե򥭥å
				ʤ (SunOS)
				ǥ쥯ȥ: ¥ե饰 (SVID-v4.2)
0400	S_ISGID		002000	¹Ի set-group-ID (V7)
				ǥ쥯ȥФƤ GID ã
				BSD Ѥ
0400	S_ENFMT		002000	SysV ե롦å
				(S_ISGID ȶͭ)
0800	S_ISUID		004000	¹Ի set-user-ID (V7)
0800	S_CDF		004000	ǥ쥯ȥ꤬¸ե (HP-UX)
.TE

ƥå ޥɤ Version 32V AT&T UNIX о줷
.SH 
.SS Linux Ǥ
ͥ 2.5.48 ʹߤǤϡ
.I stat
¤Τ 3ĤΥեΥॹ״ϢΥեɤ
ʥñ̤٤бƤ롣
glibc ǤϡƥեɤΥʥäξ
.I st_atim.tv_nsec

.I st_atimensec
ȤäǻȤǤ롣
ǽޥ
.B _BSD_SOURCE

.B _SVID_SOURCE
Ƥˤ
.I st_atim.tv_nsec
ηǡʳξˤ
.I st_atimensec
ηȤʤ롣
ä٤ॹפ򥵥ݡȤƤʤե륷ƥǤϡ
ΥʥäΥեɤ 0 ꤵ롣

.I /proc
ǥ쥯ȥʲˤեΤۤȤɤǤϡ
.BR stat ()
ƤӽФݤˡ
.I st_size
եɤ˥ե륵֤ʤ

.I st_size
եɤˤ 0 ֤롣
.SS ظΥͥ롦󥿥ե
֤ηвȤȤˡ
.I stat
¤ΤΥ礭ʤꡢαƶ
.BR stat ()
ˤ 3ĤΥС¸ߤ:
.IR sys_stat ()
(åȤ
.IR __NR_oldstat )
.IR sys_newstat ()
(åȤ
.IR __NR_stat )
.IR sys_stat64 ()
(ͥ 2.4 Ƴ; åȤ
.IR __NR_stat64 ).
glibc 
.BR stat ()
åѡؿϤξܺ٤򥢥ץꥱ󤫤鱣äƤ롣
Ūˤϡͥ뤬󶡤Ƥ륷ƥॳΤǿΥС
ưŤХʥξˤɬפ˱֤줿ƹ (repack) 롣
.BR fstat ()

.BR lstat ()
ˤĤƤƱͤǤ롣
.\"
.\" A note from Andries Brouwer, July 2007
.\"
.\" > Is the story not rather more complicated for some calls like
.\" > stat(2)?
.\"
.\" Yes and no, mostly no. See /usr/include/sys/stat.h .
.\"
.\" The idea is here not so much that syscalls change, but that
.\" the definitions of struct stat and of the types dev_t and mode_t change.
.\" This means that libc (even if it does not call the kernel
.\" but only calls some internal function) must know what the
.\" format of dev_t or of struct stat is.
.\" The communication between the application and libc goes via
.\" the include file <sys/stat.h> that defines a _STAT_VER and
.\" _MKNOD_VER describing the layout of the data that user space
.\" uses. Each (almost each) occurrence of stat() is replaced by
.\" an occurrence of xstat() where the first parameter of xstat()
.\" is this version number _STAT_VER.
.\"
.\" Now, also the definitions used by the kernel change.
.\" But glibc copes with this in the standard way, and the
.\" struct stat as returned by the kernel is repacked into
.\" the struct stat as expected by the application.
.\" Thus, _STAT_VER and this setup cater for the application-libc
.\" interface, rather than the libc-kernel interface.
.\"
.\" (Note that the details depend on gcc being used as c compiler.)
.SH 
ʲΥץ
.BR stat ()
ƤӽФ֤äƤ
.I stat
¤ΤΥեɤΤĤɽ롣
.nf

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    struct stat sb;

    if (argc != 2) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <pathname>\\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (stat(argv[1], &sb) == \-1) {
        perror("stat");
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

    printf("File type:                ");

    switch (sb.st_mode & S_IFMT) {
    case S_IFBLK:  printf("block device\\n");            break;
    case S_IFCHR:  printf("character device\\n");        break;
    case S_IFDIR:  printf("directory\\n");               break;
    case S_IFIFO:  printf("FIFO/pipe\\n");               break;
    case S_IFLNK:  printf("symlink\\n");                 break;
    case S_IFREG:  printf("regular file\\n");            break;
    case S_IFSOCK: printf("socket\\n");                  break;
    default:       printf("unknown?\\n");                break;
    }

    printf("I\-node number:            %ld\\n", (long) sb.st_ino);

    printf("Mode:                     %lo (octal)\\n",
            (unsigned long) sb.st_mode);

    printf("Link count:               %ld\\n", (long) sb.st_nlink);
    printf("Ownership:                UID=%ld   GID=%ld\\n",
            (long) sb.st_uid, (long) sb.st_gid);

    printf("Preferred I/O block size: %ld bytes\\n",
            (long) sb.st_blksize);
    printf("File size:                %lld bytes\\n",
            (long long) sb.st_size);
    printf("Blocks allocated:         %lld\\n",
            (long long) sb.st_blocks);

    printf("Last inode change:        %s", ctime(&sb.st_ctime));
    printf("Last file access:         %s", ctime(&sb.st_atime));
    printf("Last file modification:   %s", ctime(&sb.st_mtime));

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
.fi
.SH Ϣ
.BR access (2),
.BR chmod (2),
.BR chown (2),
.BR fstatat (2),
.BR readlink (2),
.BR utime (2),
.BR capabilities (7)