.\" Copyright (c) 1990, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
.\" Chris Torek and the American National Standards Committee X3,
.\" on Information Processing Systems.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"     @(#)fopen.3	6.8 (Berkeley) 6/29/91
.\"
.\" Converted for Linux, Mon Nov 29 15:22:01 1993, faith@cs.unc.edu
.\" Modified, aeb, 960421, 970806
.\" Modified, joey, aeb, 2002-01-03
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 YOSHINO Takashi
.\"       all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Thu Feb 13 12:10:38 JST 1997
.\"       by YOSHINO Takashi <yoshino@civil.jcn.nihon-u.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Mon Mar 1 1999
.\"       by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated 1999-12-08, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2001-12-13, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2002-03-23, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2005-10-15, Kentaro Shirakata <argrath@ub32.org>
.\" Updated 2006-07-20, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\"
.\"WORD:	file descriptor		ե뵭һ
.\"WORD:	file position indicator	եֻؼ
.\"WORD:	indicator		ؼ
.\"WORD:	global variable		ѿ
.\"
.TH FOPEN 3  2007-11-26 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
fopen, fdopen, freopen \- ȥ꡼򳫤ؿ
.SH 
.nf
.B #include <stdio.h>
.sp
.BI "FILE *fopen(const char *" path ", const char *" mode );

.BI "FILE *fdopen(int " fd ", const char *" mode );

.BI "FILE *freopen(const char *" path ", const char *" mode ", FILE *" stream );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
glibc εǽޥ׷
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
):
.in
.sp
.BR fdopen ():
_POSIX_C_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE
.SH 
.BR fopen ()
ؿϡ
.I path
ǻꤵ줿̾Υե򳫤ȥ꡼ȷӤĤ롣
.PP

.I mode
ϡʲ³ʸΤҤȤĤϤޤʸؤΥݥ󥿤Ǥ
(ɲäʸʸθ³Ȥ⤢):
.TP
.B r
ƥȥեɤ߽Ф˳
ȥ꡼ϥեƬ˰֤롣
.TP
.B r+
ɤ߽Фӽ񤭹ߤ뤿˳
ȥ꡼ϥեƬ˰֤롣
.TP
.B w
ե񤭹ߤΤ˳
ե뤬¸ߤˤĹڤͤ롣
ե뤬ʤäˤϿ˺롣
ȥ꡼ϥեƬ˰֤롣
.TP
.B w+
ɤ߽Фӽ񤭹ߤΤ˳
ե뤬¸ߤƤʤˤϿ˺롣
¸ߤƤˤĹڤͤ롣
ȥ꡼ϥեƬ˰֤롣
.TP
.B a
ɲ (եκǸ˽񤭹) Τ˳
ե뤬¸ߤƤʤˤϿ˺롣
ȥ꡼ϥեκǸ˰֤롣
.TP
.B a+
ɤ߽Фɲ (եκǸ˽񤭹) Τ˳
ե뤬¸ߤƤʤˤϿ˺롣
ɤ߽Фνե֤ϥեƬǤ뤬
񤭹ߤϾ˥եκǸɲä롣
.PP
.I mode
ʸˤʸ 'b' ɲûꤹ뤳ȤǤ
.I mode
ʸκǸʸȤƻꤹ롣
嵭Τ 2 ʸΥ⡼ɤξˤ 2 Ĥʸδ֤˻ꤹ뤳ȤǤ롣
 C89 ȤθߴΤѰդ줿
ΤǤꡢؿμ¹ԤФƤϤʤƶʤ
ʤLinux ޤƤ POSIX 򥷥ƥǤϡ
 'b' ̵뤵롣
(¾ΥƥǤϥƥȥեȥХʥե̡˰Τ⤢Τǡ
⤷ХʥեϤԤ
Υץब UNIX Ķذܿͽ¬ʤ顢
'b'դƤΤɤͤǤ)
.PP
٤Ƥ줿եϡ
.BR S_IRUSR " | " S_IWUSR " | "  S_IRGRP " | "  S_IWGRP " | " S_IROTH " | " S_IWOTH
(0666) Υ⡼ɤ
Υץ umask ͤˤäƽ⡼ɤ
.RB ( umask (2)
򸫤)
.PP
ɤ߽Ф/񤭹ߥȥ꡼ФƤǤդνɤ߽񤭤ԤȤǤ롣
 ANSI C Ǥϡ
(եã)
ϤϤδ֤ˤϥեΰַؿ
ޤʤФʤʤȤˤʤäƤ뤳Ȥդ줿
(ξ­ʤˤϡɤ߹ϡ
Ǹ˽񤭹ޤ줿ΤǤʤ˽񤭹ޤ줿
֤ͤȤƤ)
äơΤ褦ʥȥ꡼Ǥɤ߽δ֤ˤ
.BR fseek (3)
ޤ
.BR fgetpos (3)
򶴤Ǥɤ
(Linux ǤɬפȤʤ뤳ȤȤɤ)
ϸ岿⤷ʤ (no-op) Ǥɤ
(㤨 \fIfseek(..., 0L, SEEK_CUR)\fP 
Ṳ̄ǤƱΤ˸Ƥ٤ɤ)
.PP
եɲå⡼
.RI ( mode
κǽʸ \fBa\fP ˤ) dzȡ
Υȥ꡼Ф񤭹 (
.nf

    fseek(stream,0,SEEK_END);

.fi
θƤӽФ¹ԤΤ褦) եФƹԤ롣
.PP
.BR fdopen ()
ؿϡ¸Υե뵭һ
.I fd
˥ȥ꡼ӤĤ롣
ȥ꡼
.I mode
("r", "r+", "w", "w+", "a", "a+" Τ줫) 
ե뵭һҤΥ⡼ɤȸߴΤΤǤʤФʤʤ
ȥ꡼ΥեֻؼҤ
.I fd
°Ƥͤꤵ롣
error  end-of-file γƻؼҤϥꥢ롣
"w"  "w+" ⡼ɤǤΥեڤͤϹԤʤ
ե뵭һҤʣϹԤʤʤ
.BR fdopen ()
Ǻ줿ȥ꡼बĤ줿Ȥ˥ե뵭һҤ
Ĥ롣
ͭΥ֥Ȥ
.BR fdopen ()
ԤäȤη̤Ƥʤ
.PP
.BR freopen ()
ؿ
.I path
̾ꤵ줿ե򳫤
.I stream
ǻꤵ줿ȥ꡼ˡΥեӤĤ롣
ȤΥȥ꡼ (⤷¸ߤˤ) Ĥ롣
.I mode

.BR fopen ()
ؿƱǻȤ롣
.BR freopen ()
ؿμӤϡɸƥȥȥ꡼
.RI ( stderr ", " stdin ", " stdout )
бդƤեѹ뤳ȤǤ롣
.SH ֤
.BR fopen (),
.BR fdopen (),
.BR freopen ()

.I FILE
Υݥ󥿤֤
Ԥ NULL ֤졢ѿ
.I errno
顼򼨤ͤ˥åȤ롣
.SH 顼
.TP
.B EINVAL
.BR fopen (),
.BR fdopen (),
.BR freopen ()
Ϳ줿
.I mode
ŬڤǤ롣
.PP
.BR fopen (),
.BR fdopen (),
.BR freopen ()
ؿ
.BR malloc (3)
롼ǵꤵƤ륨顼Ǥ⼺Ԥ뤳Ȥꡢ
λбͤ
.I errno
򥻥åȤ롣
.PP
.BR fopen ()
ؿ
.BR open (2)
롼ǵꤵƤ륨顼Ǥ⼺Ԥ뤳Ȥꡢ
λбͤ
.I errno
򥻥åȤ롣
.PP
.BR fdopen ()
ؿ
.BR fcntl (2)
롼ǵꤵƤ륨顼Ǥ⼺Ԥ뤳Ȥꡢ
λбͤ
.I errno
򥻥åȤ롣
.PP
.BR freopen ()
ؿ
.BR open (2),
.BR fclose (3),
.BR fflush (3)
ƥ롼ǵꤵƤ륨顼Ǥ⼺Ԥ뤳Ȥꡢ
λбͤ
.I errno
򥻥åȤ롣
.SH 
.BR fopen ()
ؿ
.BR freopen ()
ؿ C89˽򤷤Ƥ롣
.BR fdopen ()
ؿ POSIX.1-1990 ˽򤷤Ƥ롣
.SH 
.SS glibc Ǥ
GNU C 饤֥Ǥϡ
.I mode
˻ǤʸȤơʲγĥԤƤ:
.TP
.BR c " (glibc 2.3.3 ʹ)"
open ³ read/write Ρ
åɤΥ󥻥졼ݥ (cancellation points)
ʤ
.TP
.BR e " (glibc 2.7 ʹ)"
.B O_CLOEXEC
ե饰ͭˤƥե򥪡ץ󤹤롣
ܺ٤
.BR open (2)
򻲾ȡ
.TP
.BR m " (glibc 2.3 ʹ)"
I/O ƥॳ
.RB ( read (2),
.BR write (2))
ǤϤʤ
.BR mmap (2)
Ȥäƥե˥褦Ȥ롣
.\" glibc 2.4 Ǥ
.BR mmap (2)
ȤȤΤϡɤ߽ФѤ˥ץ󤹤եˤĤƤǤ롣
.TP
.B x
ե¾Ū˥ץ󤹤
.RB ( open (2)

.B O_EXCL
ե饰Ʊ)
ե뤬Ǥ¸ߤ硢
.BR fopen ()
ϼԤ
.I errno

.B EEXIST
åȤ롣
Υե饰
.BR fdopen ()
Ǥ̵뤵롣
.\" FIXME document /,ccs= charset/
.SH Ϣ
.BR open (2),
.BR fclose (3),
.BR fileno (3)