.\" Copyright 1993 David Metcalfe (david@prism.demon.co.uk)
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" References consulted:
.\"     Linux libc source code
.\"     Lewine's "POSIX Programmer's Guide" (O'Reilly & Associates, 1991)
.\"     386BSD man pages
.\"
.\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified 1996-05-27 by Martin Schulze (joey@linux.de)
.\" Modified 2003-11-15 by aeb
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 HIROFUMI Nishizuka
.\"	all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1997-12-18, HIROFUMI Nishizuka <nishi@rpts.cl.nec.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2004-01-06, Yuichi SATO <ysato444@yahoo.co.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2005-09-06, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified 2005-10-08, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\"
.TH GETPWNAM 3  2007-07-26 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
getpwnam, getpwnam_r, getpwuid, getpwuid_r \- ѥɥեΥȥμ
.SH 
.nf
.B #include <sys/types.h>
.B #include <pwd.h>
.sp
.BI "struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *" name );
.sp
.BI "struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t " uid );
.sp
.BI "int getpwnam_r(const char *" name ", struct passwd *" pwbuf ,
.br
.BI "            char *" buf ", size_t " buflen ", struct passwd **" pwbufp );
.sp
.BI "int getpwuid_r(uid_t " uid ", struct passwd *" pwbuf ,
.br
.BI "            char *" buf ", size_t " buflen ", struct passwd **" pwbufp );
.fi
.sp
.in -4n
glibc εǽޥ׷
.RB ( feature_test_macros (7)
):
.in
.sp
.ad l
.BR getpwnam_r (),
.BR getpwuid_r ():
_POSIX_C_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE || _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
.ad b
.SH 
.BR getpwnam ()
ؿϡ桼̾
.I name
˥ޥåѥɡǡ١Υȥ
ʬ򤷡ǤǼ¤ΤؤΥݥ󥿤֤
(ѥɡǡ١:
Υѥɥե
.IR /etc/passwd ,
NIS, LDAP)
.PP
.BR getpwuid ()
ؿϡ桼 ID
.I uid
˥ޥåѥɡǡ١Υȥ
ʬ򤷡ǤǼ¤ΤؤΥݥ󥿤֤
.PP
.BR getpwnam_r ()

.BR getpwuid_r ()
ؿ (嵭δؿ) Ʊ뤬

.I passwd
¤Τ
.I pwbuf
ؤΰ˳Ǽ롣

.I passwd
¤ΤˤʸؤΥݥ󥿤ޤޤ졢
ʸϥ
.I buflen
ΥХåե
.I buf
˳Ǽ롣

.I *pwbufp
ˤϷ̤ؤΥݥ󥿤Ǽ롣
ȥ꤬Ĥʤä䥨顼ȯˤ
.I *pwbufp
ˤ NULL 롣
.PP
\fIpasswd\fP ¤Τϡ\fI<pwd.h>\fP ǰʲΤ褦Ƥ:
.sp
.in +4n
.nf
struct passwd {
    char   *pw_name;       /* 桼̾ */
    char   *pw_passwd;     /* 桼Υѥ */
    uid_t   pw_uid;        /* 桼 ID */
    gid_t   pw_gid;        /* 롼 ID */
    char   *pw_gecos;      /* ̾ */
    char   *pw_dir;        /* ۡǥ쥯ȥ */
    char   *pw_shell;      /* ץ */
};
.fi
.in
.PP
.I buf
˺ɬפʥϡ
.BR sysconf (3)
˰
.B _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX
ꤷƼ¹Ԥ뤳Ȥʬ롣
.SH ֤
.BR getpwnam ()

.BR getpwuid ()
ؿϡ
.I passwd
¤ΤؤΥݥ󥿤֤
פ륨ȥ꤬Ĥʤä䡢顼ȯ NULL ֤
顼ä硢
.I errno
Ŭڤꤵ롣
ƤӽФθ
.I errno
åϡ
ƤӽФ (ͤ) 0 ꤷƤ٤Ǥ롣
.LP
֤ͤŪΰؤƤꡢθ
.BR getpwent (3),
.BR getpwnam (),
.BR getpwuid ()
θƤӽФǾ񤭤뤫⤷ʤ
.LP
.BR getpwnam_r ()

.BR getpwuid_r ()
ؿϡ
 0 ֤
顼ξϡ顼ֹ椬֤롣
.SH 顼
.TP
.BR 0 " ޤ " ENOENT " ޤ " ESRCH " ޤ " EBADF " ޤ " EPERM " ޤ ... "
ꤵ줿
.I name
ޤ
.I uid
Ĥʤä
.TP
.B EINTR
ʥ뤬å줿
.TP
.B EIO
I/O 顼
.TP
.B EMFILE
ƤӽФץˤơ
˺ (OPEN_MAX) Υե뤬ץ󤵤Ƥ롣
.TP
.B ENFILE
ƥǴ˺Υե뤬ץ󤵤Ƥ롣
.TP
.B ENOMEM
.\" not in POSIX
.\" POSIX ˤϤʤ
passwd ¤ΤƤ뤿Υ꤬Խʬ
.\" ι¤ΤŪǤꡢ0 ޤ 1 Ƥ롣
.\" ꡼̵(libc45)
.TP
.B ERANGE
Ϳ줿Хåե֤ԽʬǤ롣
.SH ե
.TP
.I /etc/passwd
Υѥɡǡ١ե
.SH 
SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001
.SH 
嵭Ρ֤͡װʲεҤ POSIX.1-2001 ˵롣
ɸϡ(ȥ꤬) Ĥʤȡפ򥨥顼ȤƤʤΤǡ
Τ褦ʾ
.I errno
ɤΤ褦ͤˤʤ뤫Ƥʤ
Τᡢ顼ǧ뤳ȤԲǽǤ롣
POSIX ˽򤷤ơȥ꤬Ĥʤ
.I errno
ѹʤ褦ˤ٤Ǥ롢ȼĥͤ⤤뤫⤷ʤ
͡ Unix ϤΥƥǻƤߤȡΤ褦ʾˤ
0, ENOENT, EBADF, ESRCH, EWOULDBLOCK, EPERM Ȥä֤ͤ͡롣
¾֤ͤ뤫⤷ʤ
.\" Τˤ:
.\" AIX 5.1  ESRCH ֤
.\" OSF1 4.0g  EWOULDBLOCK ֤
.\" libc, glibc, Irix 6.5  ENOENT ֤
.\" FreeBSD 4.8, OpenBSD 3.2, NetBSD 1.6  EPERM ֤
.\" SunOS 5.8  EBADF ֤
.\" Tru64 5.1b, HP-UX-11i, SunOS 5.7  0 ֤

ե
.I pw_dir
ˤϡ桼κȥǥ쥯ȥ̾νͤǼ롣
ץϡΥեɤͤȤäơ
󥷥
.B HOME
Ķѿ롣
ץꥱ󤬡桼Υۡࡦǥ쥯ȥꤹˤϡ
.RI ( getpwuid(getuid())\->pw_dir
ͤǤϤʤ)
.B HOME
ͤ򸡺褦ˤ٤Ǥ롣
ʤʤ顢Τ褦ˤ뤳Ȥǡ桼󡦥å
֥ۡࡦǥ쥯ȥפΰ̣ѹǤ褦ˤʤ뤫Ǥ롣
̤Υ桼Υۡࡦǥ쥯ȥ (ν) Τˤ
.I getpwnam("username")\->pw_dir
ƱͤˡȤɬפ롣
.SH Ϣ
.BR endpwent (3),
.BR fgetpwent (3),
.BR getgrnam (3),
.BR getpw (3),
.BR getpwent (3),
.BR putpwent (3),
.BR setpwent (3),
.BR passwd (5)