.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de), Fri Apr  2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
.\" USA.
.\"
.\" Modified Sun Jul 25 10:46:28 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Aug 21 18:12:27 1994 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified Sun Jun 18 01:53:57 1995 by Andries Brouwer (aeb@cwi.nl)
.\" Modified Mon Jan  5 20:24:40 MET 1998 by Michael Haardt
.\"  (michael@cantor.informatik.rwth-aachen.de)
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 Kazuyuki Tanisako
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 1998-02-10, Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\" Updated 1998-09-23, Kazuyuki Tanisako <tanisako@osa.dec-j.co.jp>
.\" Updated 2006-07-19, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.36
.\"
.TH PASSWD 5 1998-01-05 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
passwd \- ѥɥե
.SH 
.B passwd
եϡΥƥΥȥꥹȤݻƥȥեǤ롣
ˡ桼 ID롼 IDۡǥ쥯ȥꡢ
Ѥ shell ޥɤμࡢͭѤʾ󶡤Ƥ롣
ޤƥȤΰŹ沽줿ѥɤݻ⤢롣
ѥɥեΥĤϡ桼
ɤ߽ФεĤͿ
.RI ( ls (1)
¿Υ桼ƥƥǤϥ桼 ID 桼̾
бΤ
.B passwd
եѤ)
񤭹ߵĤϥѡ桼ˤΤͿ褦ˤ٤Ǥ롣
.PP
Ťɤˤϡ桼Фɤ߼Ĥ
̤򵯤ʤäïǤŹ沽줿ѥɤ
ɤळȤ褿Ф줿ѥɤˤΤˤ
Υϡɥ®٤Ϥޤ٤ä˲ä
ͧŪʥ桼ҲǤ뤳ȤŪȤƤ
ǶǤ¿οͤ餫ΥС shadow password suite
(ɥѥɵǽ¸뤿Υץෲ)
ưƤ롣ξ
.I /etc/passwd
եΥѥˤϡŹ沽줿ѥɤ
ꥹ (*) ꤵ롣Ź沽줿ѥɤ
.I /etc/shadow
եݻ롣
.I /etc/shadow
եϥѡ桼ɤ߽ФȤǤ롣
.PP
shadow password ȤƤ뤫ɤˤϤ餺¿Υƥ
ԤϡŹ沽ѥ˥ꥹꤹ뤳Ȥǡ
Υ桼ѥɤǤǧڤʤ褦ˤƤ
(Ρաפι򻲾)
.PP
桼Ͽˤϡѥ˥ꥹꤷƤ
.BR passwd (1)
ޥɤˤԤ褦ˤ롣
.PP
ѥɥե 1 ԤȤ 1 ȥ
ƹԤν񼰤ϰʲ̤Ǥ:
.sp
.RS
account:password:UID:GID:GECOS:directory:shell
.RE
.sp
:
.RS
.TP 1.0in
.I account
ΥƥǤΥ桼̾ʸޤޤʤ褦ˤ롣
.TP
.I password
桼ΰŹ沽줿ѥɡꥹޤʸ 'x'
('x' ˤĤƤ
.BR pwconv (8)
򻲾)
.TP
.I UID
桼 ID ֹ档
.TP
.I GID
桼°ץ饤ޥꥰ롼 ID ֹ档
.TP
.I GECOS
Ͼάǽǡ󶡤ŪΤߤ˻Ȥ롣
桼Υե͡ꤹ뤳Ȥ¿GECOS  General Electric
Comprehensive Operating System ̣ƤꡢGE Ҥ絬ϥƥ
 Honeywell ҤѤ줿ݤ GCOS ؤѹ줿Dennis Ritchie 
Τ褦˸äƤ:ֻץ󥿽Ϥ䡢
Хå֤ GCOS ޥäꤹ뤬
ѥɥե gcos  $IDENT Ѥξ
Ƥξʤޤäꥨ쥬Ȥʤ
.TP
.I directory
桼
.B $HOME
ǥ쥯ȥꡣ
.TP
.I shell
ưץ̾ (ξ
.I /bin/sh
Ȥ)
¸ߤʤ¹ԥץबꤵ줿硢
.BR login (1)
ˤ륷ƥؤΥϤǤʤʤ롣
.RE
.SH ե
.I /etc/passwd
.SH 
桼롼פꤿˤϡƱ롼פ°
桼 GID ƱͤȤ GID  \fI/etc/group\fP 
Ƥɬפ롣ʤȥ롼פäȤˤϤʤʤ
.PP
Ź沽ѥɤȤƥꥹꤹȡ
.BR login (1)
ȤäƤΥ󤬤Ǥʤʤ뤬
.BR rlogin (1)
ǤϤޤ󤬤Ǥ뤷
.BR rsh (1),
.BR cron (8),
.BR at (1)
ᥤΥե륿Ȥ¸ץ
¹Ԥꡢʥץưꤹ뤳ȤǤ롣
Ѥ shell ñѹ뤳ȤǥȤ
Ȥʤ褦ˤΤƱͤη̤Ȥʤ롣ξˤϤ
.BR su (1)
ͭʤޤ޻ĤäƤޤ
.SH Ϣ
.BR login (1),
.BR passwd (1),
.BR su (1),
.BR group (5),
.BR shadow (5)