'\" t
.\" Copyright (c) 2005 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2005 Akihiro MOTOKI all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 2005-09-06, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Updated 2006-04-15, Akihiro MOTOKI, Catch up to LDP v2.29
.\" Updated 2007-01-05, Akihiro MOTOKI, Catch up to LDP v2.43
.\"
.\"WORD:	manager thread		å
.\"WORD:	thread group		åɡ롼
.\"WORD:	real-time signal	ꥢ륿ॷʥ
.\"WORD:	non-conformant		ɸ
.\"WORD:	alternate signal stack	إʥ륹å
.\"
.TH PTHREADS 7  2005-06-07 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
pthreads \- POSIX å
.SH 
POSIX.1 ϡ̤ POSIX åɤ Pthreads ȤΤ
åɡץߥ󥰤Υ󥿥ե (ؿإåե)
ꤷƤ롣ĤΥץʣΥåɤĤȤǤ
ƤΥåɤƱץ¹Ԥ롣
ΥåɤƱ (ǡȥҡΰ) ͭ뤬
ƥåɤϼʬѤΥå (ưѿ) ġ

POSIX.1 ϥåɴ֤ǤɤΤ褦°ͭ뤫ˤĤƤƤ
(Ĥޤꡢ°ϥåñ̤ǤϤʤץΤǶ̤Ǥ):
.IP \- 3
ץ ID
.IP \- 3
ƥץ ID
.IP \- 3
ץ롼 ID ȥå ID
.IP \- 3
ü
.IP \- 3
桼 ID ȥ롼 ID
.IP \- 3
ץ󤹤եǥץ
.IP \- 3
쥳ɤΥå
.RB ( fcntl (3)
)
.IP \- 3
ʥ
.IP \- 3
ե⡼ɺޥ
.RB ( umask (2))
.IP \- 3
ȡǥ쥯ȥ
.RB ( chdir (2))
ȥ롼ȡǥ쥯ȥ
.RB ( chroot (2))
.IP \- 3
󥿡Х롦
.RB ( setitimer (2))
 POSIX 
.RB ( timer_create (3))
.IP \- 3
nice 
.RB ( setpriority (2))
.IP \- 3
꥽
.RB ( setrlimit (2))
.IP \- 3
CPU 
.RB ( times (2))
ȥ꥽
.RB ( getrusage (2))
ξη¬
.PP
åˤĤƤ⡢POSIX.1 ϤɤΤ褦°
ġΥåɤΩ˴뤫ꤷƤ:
.IP \- 3
å ID
.RB ( pthread_t
ǡ)
.IP \- 3
ʥޥ
.RB ( pthread_sigmask (3))
.IP \- 3
.I errno
ѿ
.IP \- 3
إʥ륹å
.RB ( sigaltstack (2))
.IP \- 3
ꥢ륿ࡦ塼󥰤Υݥꥷͥ
.RB ( sched_setscheduler (2)

.BR sched_setparam (2))
.PP
ʲ Linux ͭεǽ⥹åñ̤Ǥ:
.IP \- 3
ѥӥƥ
.RB ( capabilities (7)
)
.IP \- 3
CPU affinity ()
.RB ( sched_setaffinity (2))
.SS "Linux ǤΥѥ"
Linux ǤϡPthreads API Ѥץ
.I "cc \-pthread"
ǥѥ뤹٤Ǥ롣
.SS "POSIX åɤ Linux Ǥμ"
ޤǡ2ĤΥåɤμ Linux  GNU C 饤֥ˤ
󶡤Ƥ
.TP
.B LinuxThreads
ǽ Pthreads μ
glibc 2.4 ʹߤϡμϤϤ䥵ݡȤƤʤ
.TP
.BR NPTL " (Native POSIX Threads Library)"
 Pthreads μLinuxThreads ٤ȡ
NPTL  POSIX.1 ׵ͤؤνٹ礤⤯
¿Υåɤݤǽ⤤
NPTL  glibc 2.3.2 ʹߤѲǽǤ롣
NPTL Ѥˤ Linux 2.6 ͥ˼Ƥ뵡ǽɬפǤ롣
.PP
ɤμ⤤ 1:1 ʤġΥåɤ
ͥΥ塼󥰼Τ˥ޥåԥ󥰤롣
ɤΥåɤμ Linux 
.BR clone (2)
ƥॳѤƤ롣
NPTL ǤϡåƱδܵ (mutex  åɤ join ) 
Linux 
.BR futex (2)
ƥॳȤäƼƤ롣
.SS LinuxThreads
μ礭ħϰʲ̤Ǥ:
.IP \- 3
ᥤ󥹥å (ǽΥå) ȥץब
.BR pthread_create (3)
Ȥäƺåɤ˲ä
μǤϡִ (manager)ץåɤ롣
åɤϥåɤκȽλ갷
(Υåɤä kill ȡ꤬뤳Ȥ)
.IP \- 3
μǤǥʥѤƤ롣
Linux 2.2 ʹߤǤϡꥢ륿ॷʥΤǽ 3ĤȤ롣
ΥͥǤ
.B SIGUSR1

.B SIGUSR2
Ȥ롣
ץꥱϡåɼѤƤ륷ʥ
ɤȤʤ褦ˤʤФʤʤ
.IP \- 3
åɴ֤ǥץ ID ͭʤ
(ºݤˤ LinuxThreads Υåɤ̾ϾͭץȤ
Ƥ뤬Ĥζ̤Υץ ID ͭƤϤʤ)
(åɤޤ) LinuxThreads åɤ
.BR ps (1)
Ȥ̤ΥץΤ褦˸롣
.PP
LinuxThreads μǤ POSIX.1 ͤæƤ
Ĥ롣ʲ˼褦:
.IP \- 3
.BR getpid (2)
ƤӽФȤˡå˰ۤʤ֤ͤ롣
.IP \- 3
ᥤ󥹥åɰʳΥåɤ
.BR getppid (2)
ƤӽФȡåɤΥץ ID ֤롣
ϡΥåɤ
.BR getppid (2)
Ƥˤϥᥤ󥹥åɤǤ
.BR getppid (2)
Ʊ֤ͤ٤Ǥ롣
.IP \- 3
륹åɤ
.BR fork (2)
Ȥäƿҥץ硢
ɤΥåɤǤ⤳λҥץ
.BR wait (2)
Ǥ٤Ǥ롣ʤ顢μǤϻҥץ
åɤλҥץ
.BR wait (2)
Ǥ롣
.IP \- 3
륹åɤ
.BR execve (2)
ƤӽФ硢¾Υåɤƽλ (POSIX.1 λ̤)
ʤ顢ץ
.BR execve (2)
ƤåɤƱ PID ġ
ᥤ󥹥åɤƱ PID Ĥ٤Ǥ롣
.IP \- 3
åɴ֤ǥ桼 ID ȥ롼 ID ͭʤ
ΤȤϡset-user-ID ץݤʻ֤򾷤ꡢ
ץꥱ
.BR seteuid (2)
ʤɤȤäƿѾ (credentials) ѹ
Pthreads ؿԤ븶Ȥʤ롣
.IP \- 3
åɴ֤Ƕ̤Υå ID ץ롼 ID ͭʤ
.IP \- 3
åɴ֤
.BR fcntl (2)
Ȥäƺ쥳ɡåͭʤ
.IP \- 3
.BR times (2)

.BR getrusage (2)
֤󤬥ץΤξǤʤåñ̤ξǤ롣
.IP \- 3
åɴ֤ǥޥեΥɥ
.RB ( semop (2)
) ͭʤ
.IP \- 3
åɴ֤ǥ󥿡Х롦ޤͭʤ
.IP \- 3
åɤ϶̤ nice ͤͭʤ
.IP \- 3
POSXI.1 ǤϡΤȤƤΥץ륷ʥȡ
̤Υåɤ륷ʥ̤ƹͤƤ롣
POSIX.1 ˤȡץ줿ʥ (㤨
.BR kill (2)
Ȥä) ϡΥץ°åɤΤ
 (arbitrarily) 򤵤줿ĤΥåɤˤ
ȤˤʤäƤ롣LinuxThreads ϥץ륷ʥ
ǰбƤ餺ʥΥåɤˤ뤳ȤǤ롣
.IP \- 3
åɤϤ줾ȼإʥ륹åġ
åɤإʥ륹å
Υåɤåɤ饳ԡ졢Τ
åɤϺǽϰĤإʥ륹åͭ롣
(ͤǤϡåɤإʥ륹åƤʤ
dzϤ٤ȤƤ롣
2ĤΥåɤͭƤإʥ륹åƱ
ʥνԤä硢ͽ¬ԲǽʥץΥ顼
롣)
.SS NPTL
NPTL ǤϡĤΥץƤΥåɤƱåɡ롼
°; åɡ롼פСƱ PID ͭ롣
NPTL ϴå (manager thread) Ѥʤ
NPTL ǥꥢ륿ॷʥΤǽ 2ĤֹѤƤꡢ
ΥʥϥץꥱǤϻѤǤʤ

NPTL ˤ POSIX.1 ˽򤷤ƤʤʤȤĤ:
.IP \- 3
åɤ϶̤ nice ͤͭʤ
.\" FIXME . bug report filed for NPTL nice non-conformance
.\" http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=6258
.PP
NPTL ɸΤĤϰΥͥǤΤȯ:
.IP \- 3
.BR times (2)

.BR getrusage (2)
֤󤬥ץΤξǤʤåñ̤ξǤ
(ͥ 2.6.9 ǽ줿)
.IP \- 3
åɴ֤ǥ꥽¤ͭʤ (ͥ 2.6.10 ǽ줿)
.IP \- 3
åɴ֤ǥ󥿡Х롦ޤͭʤ
(ͥ 2.6.12 ǽ줿)
.IP \- 3
ᥤ󥹥åɤ
.BR setsid (2)
Ȥäƿå򳫻Ϥ뤳ȤǤ
(ͥ 2.6.16 ǽ줿)
.IP \- 3
ᥤ󥹥åɤ
.BR setpgid (2)
ȤäƤΥץץ롼ס꡼ˤ뤳ȤǤ
(ͥ 2.6.16 ǽ줿)
.IP \- 3
åɤϤ줾ȼإʥ륹åġ
åɤإʥ륹å
Υåɤåɤ饳ԡ졢Τ
åɤϺǽϰĤإʥ륹åͭ
(ͥ 2.6.16 ǽ줿)
.PP
NPTL μǤϰʲˤĤƤդ뤳:
.IP \- 3
åΥ꥽Υեȡߥå
.RB ( setrlimit (2)

.B RLIMIT_STACK
򻲾) 
.I unlimited
ʳͤꤵƤ硢եȡߥåȤͤ
åɤΥǥեȤΥåȤʤ롣
ͭˤ뤿ˤϡץ¹Ԥ˥ߥåͤ
ꤷƤʤФʤʤƤϡȤ߹ߥޥɤ
.I ulimit -s
(C Ǥ
.IR "limit stacksize" )
Ȥäꤹ롣
.SS "åɼȽ"
glibc 2.3.2 ʹߤǤϡ
.BR getconf (1)
ޥɤȤäơ
ƥΥåɼȽꤹ뤳ȤǤ롣
ʲ򼨤:
.nf
.in +4n

bash$ getconf GNU_LIBPTHREAD_VERSION
NPTL 2.3.4
.in
.fi
.PP
 glibc ΥСǤϡʲΤ褦ʥޥɤ
ǥեȤΥåɼȽꤹ뤳ȤǤ롣
.nf
.in +4n

bash$ $( ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | awk '{print $3}' ) | \\
                egrep \-i 'threads|ntpl'
        Native POSIX Threads Library by Ulrich Drepper et al
.in
.fi
.SS "åɤμ: LD_ASSUME_KERNEL"
LinuxThreads  NPTL ξ򥵥ݡȤƤ glibc
(glibc 2.3.\fIx\fP) 륷ƥǤϡ
.B LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
ĶѿȤȤǡưŪ󥫤ǥեȤ
򤹤륹åɼ񤭤뤳ȤǤ롣
ѿˤꡢưŪ󥫤ΥСΥͥ
ưƤȲꤹ褦˻ꤹ롣
NPTL ɬפȤ륵ݡȵǽ󶡤ƤʤͥС
ꤹ뤳ȤǡŪ LinuxThreads ȤȤǤ
(Τ褦ʤȤ򤹤Ǥ⤢ꤽʾ̤ϡ
LinuxThreads ɸʿ񤤤˰¸ (줿) ץꥱ
ư)
ʲ򼨤:
.nf
.in +4n

bash$ $( LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.2.5 ldd /bin/ls | grep libc.so | \\
                awk '{print $3}' ) | egrep \-i 'threads|ntpl'
        linuxthreads-0.10 by Xavier Leroy
.in
.fi
.SH Ϣ
.BR clone (2),
.BR futex (2),
.BR gettid (2),
.BR futex (7),
 Pthreads γƼޥ˥奢ڡ㤨:
.BR pthread_atfork (3),
.BR pthread_cleanup_push (3),
.BR pthread_cond_signal (3),
.BR pthread_cond_wait (3),
.BR pthread_create (3),
.BR pthread_detach (3),
.BR pthread_equal (3),
.BR pthread_exit (3),
.BR pthread_key_create (3),
.BR pthread_kill (3),
.BR pthread_mutex_lock (3),
.BR pthread_mutex_unlock (3),
.BR pthread_once (3),
.BR pthread_setcancelstate (3),
.BR pthread_setcanceltype (3),
.BR pthread_setspecific (3),
.BR pthread_sigmask (3),
.BR pthread_testcancel (3).