.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
.\"
.\" Copyright (C) Markus Kuhn, 1996, 2001
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
.\" USA.
.\"
.\" 1995-11-26  Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@cip.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
.\"      First version written
.\" 2001-05-11  Markus Kuhn <mgk25@cl.cam.ac.uk>
.\"      Update
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 HANATAKA Shinya
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Thu Jun  3 20:40:01 JST 1997
.\"         by HANATAKA Shinya <hanataka@abyss.rim.or.jp>
.\" Updated (add SECURITY section) & modified Mon Feb 26 2001
.\"         by NAKANO Takeo <nakano@apm.seikei.ac.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Sun Jul  1 09:28:47 JST 2001
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
.\"
.TH UTF-8 7 2001-05-11 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
UTF-8 \- ASCII ȸߴΤ¿Х Unicode 沽
.SH 
.B "˥ (Unicode) 3.0"
ʸ 16 ӥåȤΥɶ֤롣
Ǥñ Unicode 沽ˡ
.RB ( UCS-2 )
Ǥϡʸ 16 ӥåȡ (16 ӥåʸ) ǹ롣
ˤϡ
'\\0'  '/' Τ褦 (ե̾ C Υ饤֥ؿΰ)
üʰ̣ 16 ӥåʸޤޤ뤳Ȥ롣
ˡۤȤɤ UNIX ġ ASCII եϤȤƴԤΤǡ
ѹʤˤ 16 ӥåȥɤʸȤɤळȤǤʤ
ͳ顢
.B UCS-2
ϥե̾ƥȥե롦ĶѿʤɤѤ롢Ѥ
.B Unicode
ȤƤŬڤǤ롣
Unicode ΥѡåȤǤ
.B "ISO 10646 Universal Character Set (UCS)"
 31 ӥåȤΥɶ֤뤬κǤñ沽Ǥ
.B UCS-4
ˤ (32 ӥåȡɤȤ) Ʊ꤬롣
.PP
.B Unicode

.B UCS

.B UTF-8
沽ˤϤ꤬ʤΤǡUnix  OS 
.B Unicode
ʸѤ뤿ΰŪˡȤʤäƤ롣
.SS 
.B UTF-8
沽ϰʲΤ褦Ƥ:
.TP 0.2i
*
.B UCS
ʸΤ 0x00000000  0x0000007f ޤ (ŵŪ
.B US-ASCII
ʸ)  (ASCII ȤθߴΤ) ñ 0x00  0x7f ΥХȤ
沽롣 7 ӥå ASCII ʸΤߤޤեʸ
ؤƤϡ
.B ASCII

.B UTF-8
Ʊ沽ԤʤȤ̣롣
.TP
*
0x7f 礭Τ٤Ƥ
.B UCS
ʸϡ 0x80  0xfd ޤǤϰϤΥХȤΤߤޤ
¿Хʸ沽롣
äʸ
ASCII ХȤޤޤ뤳Ȥʤ'\\0'  '/' ȯʤ
.TP
*
.B UCS-4
ʸǤϼŪȤνݤ롣
.TP
*
2^31 ӥåȤΤ٤Ƥ UCS  
.B UTF-8
Ѥ沽Ǥ롣
.TP
*
.B UTF-8
沽Ǥ 0xfe  0xff ΥХȤФ˻Ѥʤ
.TP
*
ASCII Ǥʤ
.B UCS
ʸ¿ХκǽΥХȤϡ
 0xc0  0xfd ϰϤɽ졢
ʸХȤǹƤ뤫򼨤
¿ХλĤʬΥХȤϡ줾 0x80  0xbf ϰϤˤ롣
ˤƱưפˤʤꡢơȥ쥹沽ǽˤʤꡢ
ХȤʶФƷǤˤʤ롣
.TP
*
.B UTF-8
Ѥ
.B UCS
ʸ沽Ϻ 6 ХȤĹˤʤ롣

.B Unicode
ʤǤ 0x10ffff ʸꤷʤΤǡUnicode ʸ
.B UTF-8
Ǥ 4 ХȤޤǤˤʤʤ
.SS 沽
ʲΥХʸɽ˻Ѥ롣
ɤΥХѤ뤫ʸ UCS ֹ˰¸:
.TP 0.4i
0x00000000 \- 0x0000007F:
.RI 0 xxxxxxx
.TP
0x00000080 \- 0x000007FF:
.RI 110 xxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.TP
0x00000800 \- 0x0000FFFF:
.RI 1110 xxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.TP
0x00010000 \- 0x001FFFFF:
.RI 11110 xxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.TP
0x00200000 \- 0x03FFFFFF:
.RI 111110 xx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.TP
0x04000000 \- 0x7FFFFFFF:
.RI 1111110 x
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.RI 10 xxxxxx
.PP
.I xxx
ӥåȤʬˤ 2 ʿɽ路ʸɤΥӥåʬб롣
ʸɽΤ˺ǤûХΤߤѤǤ롣
.PP
0xd800\(en0xdfff (UTF-16 ) 
0xfffe, 0xffff (UCS  non-character) Ȥ
.B UCS
ɤͤϡ
.B UTF-8
˽򤷤ȥ꡼٤ǤϤʤ
.SS 
.B Unicode
ʸ 0xa9 = 1010 1001 (ԡ饤ȡޡ)  UTF-8 沽
.sp
.RS
11000010 10101001 = 0xc2 0xa9
.RE
.sp
ˤʤ롣
.PP
0x2260 = 0010 0010 0110 0000 () 
.sp
.RS
11100010 10001001 10100000 = 0xe2 0x89 0xa0
.RE
.sp
ˤʤ롣
.SS ץꥱˤ
桼ϥץꥱ
.B UTF-8
ݡȤͭˤ뤿ˡʲΤ褦ˤ
.B UTF-8
򤷤ʤФʤʤ
.PP
.RS
export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
.RE
.PP
ѤƤʸ沽ʬäƤʤФʤʤ
ץꥱ󥽥եȥϡ
ʲΤ褦ˤƾ˥ꤹ٤Ǥ롣
.PP
.RS
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "")
.RE
.PP
ޤ
.B UTF-8
뤬򤵤Ƥơץ졼ƥȤɸϡü̿
ץ졼ƥȥեơե̾Ķѿ
.B UTF-8
沽Ƥ뤫å뤿ˡ
ץޡϰʲΤ褦ʼȤǤ롣
.PP
.RS
strcmp(nl_langinfo(CODESET), "UTF-8") == 0
.RE
.PP
.B US-ASCII

.B ISO 8859
Ȥä󥰥ХȤ沽ˤʤäƤץޡϡ
ޤǤ 2 Ĥβ꤬
.B UTF-8
ˤƤϺͭǤϤʤʤäȤΤäƤ٤
1 ܤѹϡ1 ХȤɬ 1 ĤʸбʤȤǤ롣
2 ܤѹϡǶüߥ졼
.B UTF-8
⡼ɤˤ졦ܸ졦ڹī
.B ʸ
䥹ڡʤ (non-spacing)
.B "ʸ (combining characters)"
бƤΤǡ
.B ASCII
ΤȤΤ褦 1 ʸϤ
ɬ 1 Ĥʤ櫓ǤϤʤȤǤ롣
Ǥϡʸ䥫ΰ֤Τ
.BR mbsrtowcs (3)

.BR wcswidth (3)
Ȥä饤֥ؿȤ٤Ǥ롣
.PP
(VT100 üʤɤǻȤ)
.B ISO 2022
沽
.B UTF-8
ؤʥץ󥹤 ESC % G ("\\x1b%G") Ǥ롣
б
.B UTF-8

.B ISO 2022
ؤΥ꥿󥷡󥹤 ESC % @ ("\\x1b%@") Ǥ롣
(G0 åȤ G1 åȤؤȤä)
¾ ISO 2022 󥹤ϡUTF-8 ⡼ɤǤϻȤʤ
.PP
ͽΤǤ뾭ǤϡPOSIX ƥΰŪʸ沽ƤΥ٥
.B UTF-8

.B ASCII

.B ISO 8859
֤ץ졼ƥȤ򰷤ͥ줿Ķ뤳ȤԤǤ롣
.SS ƥ
.BR Unicode "  " UCS
εʤǤϡ
.B UTF-8
ԤϤǤûѤ褦׵ᤷƤ롣
㤨СƬХȤ 0xc0 Ǥ褦 2 Х
ΤϽ򤷤ƤȤϤʤ
.B Unicode 3.1
Ǥϡʤ˽򤹤ץ
ûɽǤϤʤϤդʤȤ׵बɲä줿
ϥƥͳˤ롣
桼ϤƥδФå硢
ץ
.B ASCII
Ǥ "/../"  ";"  "NUL" å
û沽Ƥʤʸ򸫲ᤴƤޤ⤷ʤǤ롣
ʤʤ顢ûǤϤʤ
.B UTF-8
沽Ǥϡʸɽ褦͡
.B ASCII
ʳη¸ߤ뤿Ǥ롣
.SS 
ISO/IEC 10646-1:2000, Unicode 3.1, RFC\ 2279, Plan 9.
.\" .SH 
.\" Markus Kuhn <mgk25@cl.cam.ac.uk>
.SH Ϣ
.BR nl_langinfo (3),
.BR setlocale (3),
.BR charsets (7),
.BR unicode (7)