.\" Hey Emacs! This file is -*- nroff -*- source.
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 1992 Drew Eckhardt <drew@cs.colorado.edu>, March 28, 1992
.\" and Copyright (c) Michael Kerrisk, 2001, 2002, 2005
.\" May be distributed under the GNU General Public License.
.\" Modified by Michael Haardt <michael@moria.de>
.\" Modified 24 Jul 1993 by Rik Faith <faith@cs.unc.edu>
.\" Modified 21 Aug 1994 by Michael Chastain <mec@shell.portal.com>:
.\"   New man page (copied from 'fork.2').
.\" Modified 10 June 1995 by Andries Brouwer <aeb@cwi.nl>
.\" Modified 25 April 1998 by Xavier Leroy <Xavier.Leroy@inria.fr>
.\" Modified 26 Jun 2001 by Michael Kerrisk
.\"     Mostly upgraded to 2.4.x
.\"     Added prototype for sys_clone() plus description
.\"	Added CLONE_THREAD with a brief description of thread groups
.\"	Added CLONE_PARENT and revised entire page remove ambiguity
.\"		between "calling process" and "parent process"
.\"	Added CLONE_PTRACE and CLONE_VFORK
.\"	Added EPERM and EINVAL error codes
.\"	Renamed "__clone" to "clone" (which is the prototype in <sched.h>)
.\"	various other minor tidy ups and clarifications.
.\" Modified 26 Jun 2001 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"	Updated notes for 2.4.7+ behavior of CLONE_THREAD
.\" Modified 15 Oct 2002 by Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"	Added description for CLONE_NEWNS, which was added in 2.4.19
.\" Slightly rephrased, aeb.
.\" Modified 1 Feb 2003 - added CLONE_SIGHAND restriction, aeb.
.\" Modified 1 Jan 2004 - various updates, aeb
.\" Modified 2004-09-10 - added CLONE_PARENT_SETTID etc. - aeb.
.\" 2005-04-12, mtk, noted the PID caching behavior of NPTL's getpid()
.\"	wrapper under BUGS.
.\" 2005-05-10, mtk, added CLONE_SYSVSEM, CLONE_UNTRACED, CLONE_STOPPED.
.\" 2005-05-17, mtk, Substantially enhanced discussion of CLONE_THREAD.
.\" 2008-11-18, mtk, order CLONE_* flags  alphabetically
.\" 2008-11-18, mtk, document CLONE_NEWPID
.\" 2008-11-19, mtk, document CLONE_NEWUTS
.\" 2008-11-19, mtk, document CLONE_NEWIPC
.\" 2008-11-19, Jens Axboe, mtk, document CLONE_IO
.\"
.\" FIXME Document CLONE_NEWUSER, which is new in 2.6.23
.\"       (also supported for unshare()?)
.\" FIXME . 2.6.25 marks the unused CLONE_STOPPED as obsolete, and it will
.\"       probably be removed in the future.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2001 HANATAKA Shinya
.\"     and Copyright(c) 2002, 2005-2008 Akihiro MOTOKI
.\" Translated 2001-08-17, HANATAKA Shinya <hanataka@abyss.rim.or.jp>
.\" Modified 2002-09-24, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>
.\" Modified 2005-02-02, Akihiro MOTOKI
.\" Updated 2005-04-17, Akihiro MOTOKI
.\" Updated 2005-09-10, Akihiro MOTOKI
.\" Updated 2006-03-05, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v2.25
.\" Updated 2007-01-05, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v2.43
.\" Updated 2007-05-01, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v2.46
.\" Updated 2007-06-13, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v2.55
.\" Updated 2008-08-04, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.05
.\" Updated 2008-11-09, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.10
.\" Updated 2009-03-02, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.19
.\"
.\"WORD:	capability	ѥӥƥ
.\"WORD:	pending signals	Ԥʥ
.\"WORD:	namespace	̾
.\"
.TH CLONE 2 2008-11-25 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
clone, __clone2 \- ҥץ
.SH 
.nf
.B #define _GNU_SOURCE
.\" Actually _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE
.\" See http://sources.redhat.com/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=4749
.B #include <sched.h>

.BI "int clone(int (*" "fn" ")(void *), void *" child_stack ,
.BI "          int " flags ", void *" "arg" ", ... "
.BI "          /* pid_t *" pid ", struct user_desc *" tls \
", pid_t *" ctid " */ );"
.fi
.SH 
.BR clone ()

.BR fork (2)
Ʊ褦ˡǿץ롣
.BR clone ()
ˤϡ饤֥ؿȤβؤˤ
.BR clone ()
ƥॳ뤬¸ߤ롣ʲǤϡƥॳ
.B sys_clone
ɽȤȤ롣
.B sys_clone
˴ؤϤΥޥ˥奢κǸˤ롣

.BR fork (2)
ȤϰۤʤꡢΥǤϡҥץ (child process)
ȸƤӽФΥץȤ֡
եǥץΥơ֥롢ʥ롦ϥɥΥơ֥ʤɤ
¹ԥƥȤΰͭǤ롣
(Υޥ˥奢ˤָƤӽФΥץפϡ̾
ֿƥץפȰפ롣âҤ
.B CLONE_PARENT
ι⻲ȤΤ)

.BR clone ()
μפʻˡϥå (threads) 뤳ȤǤ:
ĤΥץʣΥåɤ϶ͭ줿֤
Ʊ˼¹Ԥ롣

.BR clone ()
ǻҥץ줿ˡ줿ҥץϴؿ
.IR fn ( arg )
¹Ԥ롣
(
.BR fork (2)
Ȥϰۤʤ롣
.BR fork (2)
ξ硢ҥץ
.BR fork (2)
ƤӽФ줿꤫¹Ԥ³롣)
.I fn
ϡҥץ¹ԤϤ˻ҥץƤӽФ
ؿؤΥݥ󥿤Ǥ롣
.I arg
ϤΤޤ
.I fn
ؿؤϤ롣

.IR fn ( arg )
ؿλȡҥץϽλ롣
.I fn
ˤä֤줿ҥץνλɤȤʤ롣
ҥץϡ
.BR exit (2)
ƤŪ˽λ뤳Ȥ⤢뤷̿Ūʥʥ
˽λ뤳Ȥ⤢롣

.I child_stack
ϡҥץˤäƻѤ륹åΰ֤ꤹ롣
ҥץȸƤӽФΥץϥͭ뤳Ȥ뤿ᡢ
ҥץϸƤӽФΥץƱåǼ¹Ԥ뤳ȤǤʤ
ΤᡢƤӽФΥץϻҥץΥåΤΥ֤
Ѱդơζ֤ؤΥݥ󥿤
.BR clone ()
ϤʤФʤʤ
(HP PA ץåʳ) Linux ưƤΥץåǤϡ
åϲ (ɥ쥹) ؤȿӤ롣Τᡢ̤
.I child_stack
ϻҥץΥåΤѰդ֤ΰ礭
ɥ쥹ؤ褦ˤ롣

.I flags
β 1 ХȤϻҥץ˿ƥץؤ
.I "λʥ (termination signal)"
ֹꤹ롣ΥʥȤ
.B SIGCHLD
ʳꤵ줿硢ƥץϡ
.BR wait (2)
ǻҥץԤĺݤˡץȤ
.B __WALL
ޤ
.B __WCLONE
ꤷʤФʤʤ
ɤΥʥꤵʤä硢ҥץλ˿ƥץ
˥ʥʤ

.I flags
ˤϡʲΤ 0İʾӥå (bitwise-or)
ȤäΤǤ롣ϸƤӽФΥץ
ҥץδ֤Dzͭ뤫ꤹ:
.TP
.BR CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID " (Linux 2.5.49 ʹ)"
ҥץλȤ˻ҥץΥ
.I child_tidptr
ؤˤҥץΥå ID õ
Υɥ쥹 futex  wake () 롣
Υɥ쥹
.BR set_tid_address (2)
ƥॳѹ뤳ȤǤ롣
εǽϥåɥ饤֥ǻѤ롣
.TP
.BR CLONE_CHILD_SETTID " (Linux 2.5.49 ʹ)"
ҥץΥ
.I child_tidptr
ؤ˻ҥץΥå ID Ǽ롣
.TP
.B CLONE_FILES
.B CLONE_FILES
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץȻҥץϥեǥץ
ơ֥ͭ롣
ƤӽФץȤλҥץΰ
եǥץϡ⤦ˤƤͭǤ롣
Ʊ褦ˡΥץեǥץĤꡢ
.RB ( fcntl (2)
.B F_SETFD
Ȥä) ǥץ˴Ϣե饰ѹꤹȡ
⤦Υץˤƶ롣

.B CLONE_FILES
ꤵƤʤ硢ҥץϡ
.BR clone ()
¹Ԥ줿ǡƤӽФΥץץ󤷤ƤƤ
եǥץΥԡѾ
(ҥץʣ줿եǥץϡ
бƤӽФΥץΥեǥץ
Ʊե뵭
.RB ( open (2)
) 򻲾Ȥ)
ʹߤˡƤӽФΥץȻҥץΰ
եǥץ (եǥץ
ץ󡦥䡢եǥץե饰ѹ)
ԤäƤ⡢⤦ΥץˤϱƶͿʤ
.TP
.B CLONE_FS
.B CLONE_FS
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץȻҥץƱե롦ƥ
ͭ롣ե롦ƥϡե롦ƥΥ롼 (root)
ȡ󥰡ǥ쥯ȥ (current working directory)
 umask ʤɤǤ롣
ƤӽФΥץҥץΤɤ餫ˤä
.BR chroot (2),
.BR chdir (2),
.BR umask (2)
ƤӽФȡ⤦Υץˤƶڤ֡

.B CLONE_FS
ꤵƤʤ硢ҥץϡ
.BR clone ()
¹Ԥ줿ǤΡƤӽФΥץΥե롦ƥΥԡ
Ѥ롣
ʹߤϡƤӽФΥץȻҥץΰ
.BR chroot (2),
.BR chdir (2),
.BR umask (2)
ƤӽФƤ⡢⤦ΥץˤϱƶͿʤ
.TP
.BR CLONE_IO " (Linux 2.6.25 ʹ)"
.B CLONE_IO
ꤵ줿硢ץϸƤӽФΥץ
I/O ƥȤͭ롣
Υե饰ꤵƤʤˤϡ
.RB ( fork (2)
ξƱ) ץϼʬѤ I/O ƥȤġ

.\" The following based on text from Jens Axboe
I/O ƥȤϡǥ塼 I/O פǤ
(ȡI/O ƥȤ I/O 塼餬ץ I/O 
塼󥰤ǥ벽Τ˻Ѥ)
ʣΥץƱ I/O ƥȤͭ硢
Υץ I/O 塼餫ϰĤȤư롣
̤ȤơΥץϥǥλ֤ͭ褦ˤʤ롣
Ĥ I/O 塼Ǥϡ
.\" ͽ¬塼 CFQ 塼
ĤΥץ I/O ƥȤͭƤ硢
Υץϥǥߤ˹ԤȤǤ롣
ƱץʣΥåɤ I/O ¹ԤƤ
(㤨
.BR aio_read (3))
.B CLONE_IO
Ѥ뤳Ȥ I/O ǽɤ뤳ȤǤ롣
.\" CFQ  AS ξ

꤬ͥ
.B CONFIG_BLOCK
ץդǤʤ硢
Υե饰ϲΰ̣ʤ
.TP
.BR CLONE_NEWIPC " (Linux 2.4.19 ʹ)"
.B CLONE_NEWIPC
ꤵ줿硢 IPC ̾ (namespace) ǥץ롣
Υե饰ꤵƤʤ硢
.RB ( fork (2)
ξƱ) ƤӽФΥץƱ IPC ֤̾ǥץ
롣
Υե饰ϡƥʤμǤλѤտޤѰդ줿ΤǤ롣

IPC ֤̾ϡSystem V IPC ֥Ѥμ̻ (identifiers) 
ǹ
(System V IPC ֥Ȥ
.BR msgctl (2),
.BR semctl (2),
.BR shmctl (2)
Ȥäƺ)
 IPC ֤̾˺줿֥Ȥϡ
֤̾ΥСǤ¾Υץ⸫뤬
㤦 IPC ֤̾Υץϸʤ

IPC ֤̾˴
(ʤ֤̾ΥСκǸΥץλ)
֤̾Ƥ IPC ֥ȤϼưŪ˴롣

Υե饰Ѥ뤿ˤϡ
ͥǥץ
.B CONFIG_SYSVIPC

.B CONFIG_IPC_NS
ͭˤʤäƤ뤳ȡ
ץø
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN )
äƤ뤳ȤɬפǤ롣
Υե饰
.B CLONE_SYSVSEM
Ȥ߹碌ƻȤȤϤǤʤ
.TP
.BR CLONE_NEWNET " (Linux 2.6.24 ʹ)"
(Υե饰μϤޤλƤʤ
餯 Linux 2.6.28 ޤǤˤϤܴۤ뤳Ȥ)

.B CLONE_NEWNET
ꤵ줿硢ͥåȥ̾ (network namaspace)
ǥץ롣
Υե饰ꤵƤʤ硢
.RB ( fork (2)
ξƱ) ƤӽФΥץƱͥåȥ֤̾ǥץ
롣
Υե饰ϡƥʤμǤλѤտޤѰդ줿ΤǤ롣

ͥåȥ֤̾ϡʬΥ줿ͥåȥå󶡤ΤǤ
(ͥåȥåȤϡ
ͥåȥǥХ󥿥եIPv4  IPv6 ץȥ륹å
.IR /proc/net 
.I /sys/class/net
ǥ쥯ȥĥ꡼åȤʤɤǤ)
ʪͥåȥǥХ°Ǥͥåȥ֤̾ϰĤǤ롣
ۥͥåȥǥХ ("veth") Υڥˤ
ѥݲ (abstraction) ¸Ƥꡢ
ȤȤǡͥåȥִ֤̾Υȥͥꡢ
̤֤̾ʪͥåȥǥХؤΥ֥å
뤳ȤǤ롣

ͥåȥ֤̾
(ʤ֤̾κǸΥץλ)
ʪͥåȥǥХϽͥåȥ̾
(initial network namespace) ᤵ
(ƥץΥͥåȥ֤̾ᤵǤϤʤ)

Υե饰Ѥ뤿ˤϡ
ͥǥץ
.B CONFIG_NET_NS
ͭˤʤäƤ뤳ȡ
ץø
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN )
äƤ뤳ȤɬפǤ롣
.TP
.BR CLONE_NEWNS " (Linux 2.4.19 ʹ)"
ҥץ򿷤ޥ̾ (mount namespace) dzϤ롣

ƥץϤĤΥޥ̾¸ߤ롣ץ
.I "̾ (namespace)"
ϡΥץ鸫ե볬ؤɽǡ (mount ν) Ǥ롣
.B CLONE_NEWNS
ե饰åȤ줺
.BR fork (2)

.BR clone ()
ƤФȡҥץϿƥץƱޥ֤̾˺롣
ƥॳ
.BR mount (2)
.BR umount (2)
ƤФȸƤӽФΥץΥޥ֤̾ѹ졢η
ƤӽФΥץƱ֤̾ˤץϤ٤Ʊƶ뤬
ۤʤޥ֤̾ˤץϱƶʤ

.B CLONE_NEWNS
ե饰åȤ
.BR clone ()
ƤФȡclone Ǻ줿ҥץϿޥ֤̾
Ϥ롣֤̾Ͽƥץ֤̾Υԡǽ롣

øץ (\fBCAP_SYS_ADMIN\fP ѥӥƥĥץ) Τߤ
.B CLONE_NEWNS
ե饰ꤹ뤳ȤǤ롣
Ĥ
.BR clone ()
ƤӽФǡ
.B CLONE_NEWNS

.B CLONE_FS
ξꤹ뤳ȤϤǤʤ
.TP
.BR CLONE_NEWPID " (Linux 2.6.24 ʹ)"
.\" This explanation draws a lot of details from
.\" http://lwn.net/Articles/259217/
.\" Authors: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
.\" and Kir Kolyshkin <kir@openvz.org>
.\"
.\" The primary kernel commit is 30e49c263e36341b60b735cbef5ca37912549264
.\" Author: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
.B CLONE_NEWPID
ꤵ줿硢 PID ֤̾ǥץ롣
Υե饰ꤵƤʤ硢
.RB ( fork (2)
ξƱ) ƤӽФΥץƱ PID ֤̾
ץ롣
Υե饰ϡƥʤμǤλѤտޤѰդ줿ΤǤ롣

PID ֤̾ϡPID ˴ؤʬΥ줿Ķ󶡤ΤǤ롣
֤̾ˤ PID  1 Ϥޤ
(ϥɥΥƥȻ褦ʴ)
.BR fork (2),
.BR vfork (2),
.BR clone (2)
ƤӽФȡ֤̾ǰդ PID äץ롣

֤̾ǺǽΥץ
(Ĥޤꡢ
.B CLONE_NEWPID
ե饰Ȥäƺ줿ץ)  PID  1 Ǥꡢ
ΥץϤ֤̾ˤ "init" ץȤʤ롣
֤̾ˤƸɻ (orphaned) ȤʤäҥץˤĤƤϡ
.BR init (8)
ǤϤʤΥץƥץȤʤ롣
Τʤ
.B init
ץȤϰ㤤PID ֤̾ "init" ץϽλ (terminated) 
ȤǤξˤϡ֤̾ƤΥץλ롣

PID ִ֤̾ˤϳع¤롣
 PID ֤̾ȡ֤̾Υץϡ
֤̾ץ PID ֤̾Ǹ롣
ƱͤˡƤ PID ּ̾Τ̤ PID ֤̾λҶξˤϡ
Ҷ PID ֤̾ȿƤ PID ֤̾ΥץϤɤ
ƤοƤ PID ֤̾Ǥ⸫뤳Ȥˤʤ롣
ȿФˡֻҶפ PID ֤̾Υץˤϡ
Ƥ֤̾Υץϸʤ
֤̾˳ع¤¸ߤȤȤϡġΥץ
ʣ PID ĤȤȤ̣Ƥ롣
Υץְ̾ĤˤĤ PID Ĥꡢ
줾 PID б֤̾ˤưդǤ롣
.RB ( getpid (2)
ƤӽФȡˤΥץ¸ߤƤ֤̾ˤ
PID ֤롣)

֤̾κˤϡ
ҥץˤơ
.BR ps (1)
Ȥäġ뤬ư褦ˡ
Ȥ root ǥ쥯ȥѹ
.I /proc
˿ procfs 󥹥󥹤ޥȤΤ褤
.\" mount -t proc proc /proc
.RB ( flags

.B CLONE_NEWNS
ꤵƤˤϡroot ǥ쥯ȥѹɬפϤʤ
ʤ꿷 procfs 󥹥󥹤
.I /proc
˥ޥȤ뤳ȤǤ롣)

Υե饰Ѥ뤿ˤϡ
ͥǥץ
.B CONFIG_PID_NS
ͭˤʤäƤ뤳ȡ
ץø
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN )
äƤ뤳ȤɬפǤ롣
Υե饰
.B CLONE_THREAD
Ȥ߹碌ƻȤȤϤǤʤ
.TP
.BR CLONE_NEWUTS " (Linux 2.6.19 ʹ)"
.B CLONE_NEWUTS
ꤵ줿硢 UTS ֤̾ǥץ롣
 UTS ֤̾μ̻ҤνͤϡƤӽФΥץ
UTS ֤̾μ̻ҤʣΤȤʤ롣
Υե饰ꤵƤʤ硢
.RB ( fork (2)
ξƱ) ƤӽФΥץƱ UTS ֤̾
ץ롣
Υե饰ϡƥʤμǤλѤտޤѰդ줿ΤǤ롣

UTS ֤̾ϡ
.BR uname (2)
֤̻ҤνǤ롣
̻ҤȤƤϥɥᥤ̾ȥۥ̾ꡢ
줾
.BR setdomainname (2),
.BR sethostname (2)
ǽ뤳ȤǤ롣
 UTS ֤̾ˤ뼱̻ҤѹƱ֤̾¾Υץˤ
뤬̤ UTS ֤̾Υץˤϸʤ

Υե饰Ѥ뤿ˤϡ
ͥǥץ
.B CONFIG_UTS_NS
ͭˤʤäƤ뤳ȡ
ץø
.RB ( CAP_SYS_ADMIN )
äƤ뤳ȤɬפǤ롣
.TP
.BR CLONE_PARENT " (Linux 2.3.12 ʹ)"
.B CLONE_PARENT
ꤵ줿硢Ҷ
.RB ( getppid (2)
֤) ƥץϸƤӽФΥץοƥץƱˤʤ롣

.B CLONE_PARENT
ꤵƤʤ硢
.RB ( fork (2)
Ʊͤ) ƤӽФΥץλҶοƤˤʤ롣

Ҷλ˥ʥ뤬Τ
.BR getppid (2)
֤ƥץǤդ뤳ȡΤ
.B CLONE_PARENT
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץǤϤʤƤӽФΥץ
ƥץ˥ʥ뤬롣
.TP
.BR CLONE_PARENT_SETTID " (Linux 2.5.49 ʹ)"
ƥץȻҥץΥ
.I parent_tidptr
ؤΰ˻ҥץΥå ID Ǽ롣
(Linux 2.5.32-2.5.48 Ǥϡ
ƱȤ򤹤
.B CLONE_SETTID
Ȥե饰¸ߤ)
.TP
.BR CLONE_PID " (ѻͽ)"
.B CLONE_PID
ꤵ줿硢ҥץϸƤӽФΥץƱץ ID
Ǻ롣ϥƥϥå󥰤Τˤ
ʳˤϤޤȤʤ Linux 2.3.21 ʹߤǤϡ
ƥΥ֡ȥץ (PID 0) Υե饰Ǥ롣
Linux 2.5.16 Ǻ줿
.TP
.B CLONE_PTRACE
.B CLONE_PTRACE
ꤵ졢ĸƤӽФΥץ (trace) Ƥ硢ҥץ
Ʊͤפ롣
.RB ( ptrace (2)
򻲾ȤΤ)
.TP
.BR CLONE_SETTLS " (Linux 2.5.32 ʹ)"
.I newtls
ϡ TLS (Thread Local Storage) ǥץǤ롣
.RB ( set_thread_area (2)
򻲾ȤΤ)
.TP
.B CLONE_SIGHAND
.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץȻҥץƱʥ롦ϥ
ɥΥơ֥ͭ롣ƤӽФΥץޤϻҥץΤɤ餫
.BR sigaction (2)
ƤӽФƥʥбưѹ硢
⤦ΥץΥʥưѹ롣
âƤӽФΥץȻҥץϡ
ץˡʥ롦ޥ (signal mask) ȽԤʥν
äƤ롣Τᡢץϡ
.BR sigprocmask (2)
Ѥơ⤦Υץ˱ƶͿ
ʥػ (block)  (unblock) Ǥ롣

.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ꤵƤʤ硢ҥץ
.BR clone ()
¹Ԥ줿ǤΡƤӽФΥץΥʥ롦ϥɥ
ԡѾ롣ʹߤϡΥץ
.BR sigaction (2)
ƤӽФƤ⡢⤦ΥץˤϱƶͿʤ

Linux 2.6.0-test6 ʹߤǤϡ
.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ꤹ硢
.B CLONE_VM

.I flags
˴ޤʤФʤʤ
.TP
.BR CLONE_STOPPED " (Linux 2.6.0-test2 ʹ)"
.B CLONE_STOPPED
ꤵȡҥץϺǽ
.RB ( SIGSTOP
ʥ줿Τ褦) ߤ֤Ȥʤ롣
ҥץƳˤ
.B SIGCONT
ʥʤФʤʤ

.I "Linux 2.6.25 ʹߡΥե饰侩Ǥ롣"
Υե饰ȤȻפȤϷ褷Ƥʤ
μ¤˻Ȥʤ褦ˤ٤Ǥ롣
Υե饰϶ᤤˤʤʤ뤳Ȥ
.\" glibc 2.8 removed this defn from bits/sched.h
.TP
.BR CLONE_SYSVSEM " (Linux 2.5.10 ʹ)"
.B CLONE_SYSVSEM
åȤȡҥץȸƤӽФץϰĤ
System V ޥեΥɥͥꥹ
.RB ( semop (2)
) ͭ롣Υե饰åȤƤʤС
ҥץȼΥɥꥹȤ (ꥹȤνͤ϶Ǥ)
.TP
.BR CLONE_THREAD " (Linux 2.4.0-test8ʹ)"
.B CLONE_THREAD
ꤵ줿硢ҥץϸƤӽФΥץƱåɡ롼פ
֤롣
.B CLONE_THREAD
ˤĤƤΰʹߤεɤߤ䤹뤿ᡢ
֥åɡפȤѸϥåɡ롼פΥץ
ȤΤ˻ȤȤȤ롣

åɡ롼פϡ åɽǰĤ PID ͭȤ POSIX
åɤγǰ򥵥ݡȤ뤿 Linux 2.4 ˲ä줿ǽǤä
Ūˤϡζͭ PID Ϥ뤽Υåɥ롼פ
åɡ롼׼̻ (TGID) Ǥ롣
Linux 2.4 ʹߤǤϡ
.BR getpid (2)
θƤӽФǤϤΥץΥåɡ롼 ID ֤

륰롼פ°륹åɤ (ƥΤ) դʥå ID (TID)
Ƕ̤Ǥ롣åɤ TID 
.BR clone ()
θƤӽФشؿη̤Ȥ֤졢
åɤϼʬȤ TID 
.BR gettid (2)
ǼǤ롣

.B CLONE_THREAD
ꤻ
.BR clone ()
θƤӽФԤȡ
줿åɤϤΥåɤ TID Ʊͤ TGID 
åɡ롼פ֤롣Υåɤ
åɡ롼פΡ֥꡼פǤ롣

.B CLONE_THREAD
ꤷƺ줿åɤϡ
.RB ( CLONE_PARENT
ξƱͤ)
.BR clone ()
ƤӽФƱƥץġ
Τᡢ
.BR getppid (2)
Ƥ֤ȡĤΥåɡ롼פ°åɤƱ֤ͤ
.B CLONE_THREAD
Ǻ줿åɤλݤˡ
Υåɤ
.BR clone (2)
Ȥäåɤˤ
.B SIGCHLD
(⤷¾νλʥ) ʤ
ޤ
.BR wait (2)
Ȥäƽλåɤξ֤뤳ȤǤʤ
(Τ褦ʥåɤ
.I detached
(ʬΥ줿) Ȥ)

åɡ롼פ°ƤΥåɤλ塢
Υåɡ롼פοƥץ
.B SIGCHLD
(⤷¾νλʥ) 롣

åɡ롼פ°줫Υåɤ
.BR execve (2)
¹Ԥȡåɡ롼ס꡼ʳƤΥåɤ
λ졢ץΥåɡ롼ס꡼β
¹Ԥ롣

åɡ롼פ°åɤΰĤ
.BR fork (2)
Ȥäƻҥץ硢
åɡ롼פΤɤΥåɤǤäƤ
λҶ
.BR wait (2)
Ǥ롣

Linux 2.5.35 ʹߤǤϡ
.B CLONE_THREAD
ꤹ硢
.I flags

.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ޤޤƤʤФʤʤ

.BR kill (2)
Ȥäƥåɡ롼 (Ĥޤ TGID) ˥ʥ뤳ȤǤС
.BR tgkill (2)
ȤäΥå (Ĥޤ TID) ˥ʥ뤳ȤǤ롣

ʥȽϥץΤ˱ƶ:
ϥɥꤷƤʤʥ뤬륹åɤȡ
Υʥϥåɡ롼פС˱ƶڤܤ
(λꡢߤꡢư³ꡢ̵뤵줿ꤹ)

ơΥåɤȼΥʥޥäƤꡢ
.BR sigprocmask (2)
Ǥ롣
ԤΥʥˤϡ
.BR kill (2)
ץΤФ (Ĥޤꡢåɡ롼פ
ɤΥСˤǤ) ȡ
.BR tgkill (2)
ġΥåɤФΤꤨ롣
.BR sigpending (2)
ƤӽФȡץΤФԤʥȸƤӽФ
åɤФԤʥ礷ʥ뽸礬֤롣

.BR kill (2)
Ȥäƥåɡ롼פ˥ʥ뤬줿ǡ
Υåɡ롼פΥʥФ륷ʥ롦ϥɥ餬
ϿƤȤˤϡʥ롦ϥɥϥåɡ롼פ
СΤĤΥåɤǤư롣ϥɥ餬
ư륹åɤϡΥʥػ (block) Ƥʤ
С椫Ĥ (arbitrarily) Ф롣
åɡ롼פ°ʣΥåɤ
.BR sigwaitinfo (2)
ȤäƱʥԤäƤ硢
Υåɤ椫Ĥ򥫡ͥ뤬򤷡
Υåɤ
.B kill (2)
Ȥä줿ʥ롣
.TP
.BR CLONE_UNTRACED " (Linux 2.5.46 ʹ)"
.B CLONE_UNTRACED
ꤵȡ trace ԤäƤץ
λҥץ
.B CLONE_PTRACE
ŬѤ뤳ȤǤʤ
.TP
.B CLONE_VFORK
.B CLONE_VFORK
ꤵ줿硢
.RB ( vfork (2)
Ʊͤ) ҥץ
.BR execve (2)
ޤ
.BR _exit (2)
ˤäƲۥޤǡƤӽФΥץμ¹Ԥߤ롣

.B CLONE_VFORK
ꤵƤʤ硢
.BR clone ()
ƤӽФϡƤӽФΥץȻҥץ
ξ塼оݤȤʤꡢץꥱϤΥץ
¹Խ˰¸ʤ褦ˤ٤Ǥ롣
.TP
.B CLONE_VM
.B CLONE_VM
ꤵ줿硢ƤӽФΥץȻҥץƱ֤
¹Ԥ롣äˡƤӽФΥץҥץΰ
񤭹ƤϤ⤦Υץ⸫뤳ȤǤ롣ˡ
ҥץƤӽФΥץΰ
.BR mmap (2)

.BR munmap (2)
Ȥäƥޥåפꥢޥåפ硢
⤦Υץˤƶڤ֡

.B CLONE_VM
ꤵƤʤ硢ҥץ
.BR clone ()
¹Ԥ줿ǤΡƥץΥ֤򥳥ԡ
̤Υ֤Ǽ¹Ԥ롣
ΥץԤäؤν񤭹ߤ
եΥޥå/ޥåפϡ
.BR fork (2)
ξƱ͡⤦Υץˤϱƶʤ
.SS "sys_clone"
.B sys_clone
ƥॳϡ
.BR fork (2)
˶ᤤˤʤäƤꡢҥץμ¹ԤƤӽФԤ줿꤫
³롣
Τᡢ
.B sys_clone
ɬפȤ
.I flags

.I child_stack
Ǥꡢ
.BR clone ()
Ʊ̣
(ΰν֤
.BR clone ()
Ȥϰۤʤ뤳Ȥդ)

.B sys_clone
Τ⤦Ĥΰ㤤ϡ
.I child_stack
ǤɤȤǤ롣ξˤϡɤ餫Υץ
åѹˡ񤭹߻ԡ (copy-on-write) ˤ
ҥץåڡΩԡ뤳Ȥݾڤ롣
ξ硢ư뤿ˤϡ
.B CLONE_VM
ץꤷƤϤʤʤ

Linux 2.5.49 ʹߤǤϡ
.B sys_clone
ƥॳ 5ĤΰȤ롣
ɲä줿 2Ĥΰϡ
.I parent_tidptr

.I child_tidptr
Ǥ롣
.I parent_tidptr
ϡ
.B CLONE_PARENT_SETTID
ꤵ줿ˡҥץΥåID
񤭹ޤ (ƥץȻҥץΥ) ؤ
.I child_tidptr
ϡ
.B CLONE_CHILD_SETTID
ꤵ줿ˡҥץΥåID
񤭹ޤ (ҥץΥ) ؤ
.SH ֤
.\" gettid(2)  current->pid ֤
.\" getpid(2)  current->tgid ֤
硢ƤӽФμ¹ԥåɤˤϻҥץΥåID ֤롣
Ԥ硢 ƤӽФΥƥȤˤ \-1 ֤졢ҥץ
줺
.I errno
Ŭڤꤵ롣
.SH 顼
.TP
.B EAGAIN
Ǥ˼¹Υץ¿롣
.TP
.B EINVAL
.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ꤵƤ
.B CLONE_VM
ꤵƤʤä
(Linux 2.6.0-test6 ʹ)
.TP
.B EINVAL
.B CLONE_THREAD
ꤵƤ
.B CLONE_SIGHAND
ꤵƤʤä
(Linux 2.5.35 ʹ)
.\" .TP
.\" .B EINVAL
.\" .B CLONE_DETACHED
.\" 
.\" .B CLONE_THREAD
.\" Τ줫ꤵ줿
.\" (Linux 2.6.0-test6 ʹ)
.TP
.B EINVAL
.B CLONE_FS

.B CLONE_NEWNS
ξ
.I flags
˻ꤵ줿
.TP
.B EINVAL
.B CLONE_NEWIPC

.B CLONE_SYSVSEM
ξ
.I flags
˻ꤵ줿
.TP
.B EINVAL
.B CLONE_NEWPID

.B CLONE_THREAD
ξ
.I flags
˻ꤵ줿
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I child_stack
˥ꤷ
.BR clone ()
֤
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I flags

.B CLONE_NEWIPC
ꤵ줿ͥǥץ
.B CONFIG_SYSVIPC

.B CONFIG_IPC_NS
ͭˤʤäƤʤä
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I flags

.B CLONE_NEWNET
ꤵ줿ͥǥץ
.B CONFIG_NET_NS
ͭˤʤäƤʤä
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I flags

.B CLONE_NEWPID
ꤵ줿ͥǥץ
.B CONFIG_PID_NS
ͭˤʤäƤʤä
.TP
.B EINVAL
.I flags

.B CLONE_NEWUTS
ꤵ줿ͥǥץ
.B CONFIG_UTS
ͭˤʤäƤʤä
.TP
.B ENOMEM
ҥץΤ˳ݤ٤¤Τ䡢ƤӽФΥƥȤ
򥳥ԡΤɬפʥʬ˳Ƥ뤳ȤǤʤ
.TP
.B EPERM
root ʳΥץ (\fBCAP_SYS_ADMIN\fP ʤץ) 
.BR CLONE_NEWIPC ,
.BR CLONE_NEWNET ,
.BR CLONE_NEWNS ,
.BR CLONE_NEWPID ,
.BR CLONE_NEWUTS
ꤷ
.TP
.B EPERM
PID  0 ʳΥץˤä
.B CLONE_PID
ꤵ줿
.SH С
libc5 ˤ
.BR clone ()
Ϥʤglibc2 Ǥ
.BR clone ()
󶡤ƤꡢΥޥ˥奢ڡ˵ܤ̤Ǥ롣
.SH 
.BR clone ()

.B sys_clone
 Linux ͭǤꡢܿθץǤϻѤ٤
ǤϤʤ
.SH 
ͥ 2.4.x ǤϡŪˤ
.B CLONE_THREAD
ե饰ꤷƤ⿷åɤοƤ
ƤӽФץοƤƱˤϤʤ
С 2.4.72.4.18 ΥͥǤϡ
(ͥ 2.6 Ʊ褦) CLONE_THREAD ե饰ꤹȡ
ۤΤ CLONE_PARENT ե饰ꤷȤˤʤ롣

.B CLONE_DETACHED
Ȥե饰2.5.32 Ƴư褷Ф餯δ¸ߤ
Υե饰ϿƥץҥץλΥʥɬפȤʤȤ
ɽΤǤ롣
2.6.2 ǡ CLONE_DETATCHED  CLONE_THREAD Ȱ˻ꤹɬפϤʤʤä
Υե饰ϤޤƤ뤬θ̤ʤ

i386 Ǥϡ
.BR clone ()
 vsyscall ͳǤϤʤľ
.I "int $0x80"
ͳǸƤӽФ٤Ǥ롣

ia64 Ǥϡ̤Υƥॳ뤬Ѥ:
.nf

.BI "int __clone2(int (*" "fn" ")(void *), "
.BI "             void *" child_stack_base ", size_t " stack_size ,
.BI "             int " flags ", void *" "arg" ", ... "
.BI "          /* pid_t *" pid ", struct user_desc *" tls \
", pid_t *" ctid " */ );"
.fi
.PP
.BR __clone2 ()
ƥॳ
.BR clone ()
Ʊ褦ư뤬ʲۤʤ:
.I child_stack_base
ϻҥץΥåꥢκǾΥɥ쥹ؤ
.I stack_size

.I child_stack_base
ؤåꥢ礭򼨤
.SH Х
NPTL åɡ饤֥ޤǤ GNU C 饤֥ΤĤΥС
ˤϡ
.BR getpid (2)
ΥåѡؿޤޤƤꡢΥåѡؿ PID 򥭥å夹롣
Υåư뤿ˤ glibc 
.BR clone (2)
ΥåѡؿǤνɬפμǤϡ
ˤƥå夬ǿȤʤʤǽ롣
äˡ
.BR clone ()
θƤӽФľ˥ʥ뤬ҥץ줿ˡ
ΥʥФϥɥ
.BR getpid ()
ƤӽФȡޤǤ clone Υåѡؿҥץ PID å
뵡ƤʤСƤӽФץ ("ƥץ")  PID 
֤ǽ롣
(εǤϡҥץ
.B CLONE_THREAD
Ȥäƺ줿ΤȤ̵뤷Ƥ롣
ҥץ
.B CLONE_THREAD
äƺ줿ˤϡ
ƤӽФȻҥץƱåɡ롼פ°Τǡ
.BR getpid ()
ϻҥץ
.BR clone ()
ƤӽФץƱ֤ͤΤס
å夬ǿȤʤʤ (stale-cache problem) ϡ
.I flags

.B CLONE_VM
ޤޤƤˤȯʤ)
ͤ뤿ˤϡΤ褦ʥɤȤɬפ뤫⤷ʤ
.nf

    #include <syscall.h>

    pid_t mypid;

    mypid = syscall(SYS_getpid);
.fi
.\" See also the following bug reports
.\" https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=417521
.\" http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=6910
.SH Ϣ
.BR fork (2),
.BR futex (2),
.BR getpid (2),
.BR gettid (2),
.BR set_thread_area (2),
.BR set_tid_address (2),
.BR tkill (2),
.BR unshare (2),
.BR wait (2),
.BR capabilities (7),
.BR pthreads (7)