.\" (C) Copyright 1992-1999 Rickard E. Faith and David A. Wheeler
.\" (faith@cs.unc.edu and dwheeler@ida.org)
.\" and (C) Copyright 2007 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
.\" manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
.\" preserved on all copies.
.\"
.\" Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
.\" manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
.\" entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
.\" permission notice identical to this one.
.\"
.\" Since the Linux kernel and libraries are constantly changing, this
.\" manual page may be incorrect or out-of-date.  The author(s) assume no
.\" responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from
.\" the use of the information contained herein.  The author(s) may not
.\" have taken the same level of care in the production of this manual,
.\" which is licensed free of charge, as they might when working
.\" professionally.
.\"
.\" Formatted or processed versions of this manual, if unaccompanied by
.\" the source, must acknowledge the copyright and authors of this work.
.\"
.\" 2007-05-30 created by mtk, using text from old man.7 plus
.\" rewrites and additional text.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2007  Akihiro MOTOKI
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 2007-06-13, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.54
.\" Updated 2007-07-04, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.59
.\" Updated 2007-09-03, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.64
.\" Updated 2008-08-09, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v3.05
.\" 
.TH MAN-PAGES 7 2008-10-28 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
man-pages \- Linux  man ڡ񤯺ݤηޤ
.SH 
.B man
.RI [ section ]
.I title
.SH 
ΥڡǤϡ
Linux \fIman-pages\fP ץȤΥޥ˥奢ڡ񤯺ݤ
٤ޤˤĤ롣
Linux \fIman-pages\fP  Linux Υޥ˥奢ڡ
 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 鹽Ƥ롣
ΥڡƤޤϡ¾ΥץȤ
ޥ˥奢ڡ񤯺ԤˤΩĤȤ
.SS ޥ˥奢ڡΥ
.PP
ޥ˥奢ΥϡŪ˰ʲΤ褦ѤƤ:
.TP 10
.B 1 ޥ (ץ)
椫桼¹ԤǤ륳ޥɡ
.TP
.B 2 ƥॳ
ͥ뤬ʤФʤʤؿ
.TP
.B 3 饤֥ꥳ
.I libc
δؿʬ
.TP
.B 4 ڥե (ǥХ)
.I /dev
ʲˤե롣
.TP
.B 5 եΥեޥåȤȵ
.I /etc/passwd
ʤɤοͤɤեΥեޥåȡ
.TP
.B 6 
.TP
.B 7 «¾
͡ʻγסץȥ롢ʸεʡ¾¿ʤȡ
.TP
.B 8 ƥޥ
.BR mount (8)
Τ褦 root Τߤ¹Բǽʥޥɡ
.\" .TP
.\" .B 9 ͥ롼
.\" Υޥ˥奢륻ѻߤ줿
.\" ĤƤϤ Linux ͥΥɥȤ֤ΤɤȤ
.\" ͤƤʸ񲽤줿Τ˾ʤ
.\" ޤ⤹Ǥ˸ŤΤȤʤäƤޤä
.\" ͥ볫ȯԤˤȤäơäȤ褤󸻤¾ˤ
.SS ޥѥå
ޥ˥奢ڡ
.BR man (7)
Ƥ
.B groff an.tmac
ѥåȤäƵҤ٤Ǥ롣
ˤϰγݤͳǤ롣¸ Linux Υޥ˥奢ڡ
ΰŪ¿ΥޥȤäƵҤƤ롣
.SS ե֤˴ؤޤ
ޥ˥奢ڡΥɤ 1ԤĹ
ǽʸ¤ 75ʸۤʤ褦ˤƤۤ
뤳Ȥǡѥå᡼ʸ˺ܤˡ
᡼륯饤Ȥˤޤ֤򤹤뤳ȤǤ롣

ʸϹƬ鳫Ϥ롣
ˤꡢѥåƤǧ䤹ʤ롣
ѥåʸñ̤Ǥ뤳Ȥ¿Ǥ롣
.SS ȥ
man ڡκǽιԤ \fBTH\fP ޥɤˤ٤Ǥ롣
.RS
.sp
.B \&.TH
.I "title section date source manual"
.sp
.RE
ġ:
.RS
.TP 10
.I title
man ڡΥȥ롣ʸǵܤ (:
.IR MAN-PAGES )
.TP
.I section
man ڡ°륻ֹ (:
.IR 7 )
.TP
.I date
ǿΥӥ \(em man ڡѹäȤˤ
ɬѹ뤳ȡ
줬ǤŪʥСˡǤ롣
դ YYYY-MM-DD ηǵܤ٤Ǥ롣
.TP
.I source
ޥɡؿƥॳνм

ʤ 1  8 Υڡξ硢餯ñ
.I GNU
Ȥ񤯤Ȥ¿

ƥॳξ硢ñ
.I "Linux"
Ȥ񤯡
(δǤϡޥ˥奢ڡ򵭺ܤ/Ƥǧͥ
Сֹ򵭺ܤƤСֹ椬ºݤƤ
פƤ뤳ȤϤʤΤСֹ椬ʤ
餯ˤʤäƤ
ϡСֹޤΤ򤱤뤳ȡ)

glibc Υ饤֥ꥳ
¾ΰŪ GNU 饤֥Υ饤֥ꥳξ硢
ñ
.IR "GNU C Library" ", " GNU
Ƚ񤯤ʸȤ

 4 ΥڡǤ
.I "Linux"
Ȥ

褯狼ʤϡ
.I Linux
Ȥ
.I GNU
Ƚ񤤤Ƥ
.TP
.I manual
ޥ˥奢Υȥ (:
\fIman-pages\fP ѥåΥ 2  3 Υڡξˤϡ
.I "Linux Programmer's Manual"
Ȥ)
.RE
.SS ޥ˥奢ڡΥ
ΤȤƤ̾ʲΥꥹȤ˼
Ȥɤ
Ūˡޥ˥奢ڡϡʤȤ
.B Ĥ
ΥĤΤ˾ޤ
ޥ˥奢ڡݤˤϡʲΥꥹȤ˼
ǥ֤褦ˤƤ餤
.in +0.5i
.nf

\fB̾\fP
\fB\fP
               [̾ϥ 4 Τ]
\fB\fP
ץ         [̾ϥ 1, 8 Τ]
λơ     [̾ϥ 1, 8 Τ]
֤             [̾ϥ 2, 3 Τ]
.\" May 07: Few current man pages have an ERROR HANDLING section,,,
.\" 顼
顼             [Ƥϥ 2, 3 Τ]
.\" May 07: Almost no current man pages have a USAGE section,,,
.\" ˡ
.\" ǥå
.\" May 07: Almost no current man pages have a SECURITY section,,,
.\" ƥ
Ķѿ
ե
С         [̾ϥ 2, 3 Τ]

/
Х

.\"  侩Ǥ
.\" 
\fBϢ\fP

.fi
.in
Ū˻ȤƤФȤˤϡȤäƤۤ
μΰݤĤȤǡ򤷤䤹ʤ뤫Ǥ롣
ɤƤɬפʾˤϡ򤷤䤹ʤ褦ȼθФ
äƤ褤 (ä˥ 4  5 ΥڡǤϤ
狼䤹ʤ)ˡŪʸФȤ
Υ˥֥ (\fI.SS\fP) ߤ뤳Ȥ
бǤʤͤƤۤ

ʲΥꥹȤǤϡ嵭ΥΤ줾ƤˤĤ
ܤ롣
.TP 14
.B ̾ (NAME)
Υޥ˥奢ڡ̾
\fB.SH NAME\fP ޥɤιԤ٤ˤĤƤ
.BR man (7)
򻲾ȤƤۤ
.TP
.B  (SYNOPSIS)
ޥɤؿΥ󥿡եʷ˵Ҥ롣
ޥɤФƤϡޥɤ (ץ) ʸˡ񤯡
Τޤ޽񤯥ƥȤˤϥܡΤѤ֤ˤ
åΤѤ롣άǽʥץϥ֥饱å ([]) ǰϤ
Ͻ (|) Ƕڤꡢ֤ˤϾά (...) 񤯡
ؿФƤϡɬפʥǡ
.B #include
񤭡ؿ³롣

إåե뤫ؿ (ѿ) 뤿
ǽޥ (feature test macro) ʤФʤʤ硢
 (SYNOPSIS) ɬפʵǽޥ򵭺ܤ٤Ǥ롣
ǽޥˤĤƤ
.BR feature_test_macros (7)
Ƥ롣
.\" FIXME . Say something here about compiler options
.TP
.B CONFIGURATION
ǥХܺ١
̾Υ 4 ϤΥޥ˥奢ڡǤΤо줹롣
.TP
.B  (DESCRIPTION)
ץࡦؿեޥåȤưŪ롣
եɸϤɤΤ褦˽ɸϤɸ२顼Ϥ
ɤΤ褦뤫ȤäȤˤĤƽҤ٤롣
ưξܺ٤ˤĤƤϾά
(줬ưˤɤƤɬפʤ)
̾ξˤĤƵҤ롣
ץΥޥɥ饤󡦥ץˤϡ
.B ץ
ΥѤ롣
.\" Ϥˤʸˡäꡢʣʥ֥ޥɤϡ
.\" 
.\" .B ˡ
.\" ΥʬΥ뤳ȤͤȤ褤
.\" .RB ( 
.\" Υˤϳפ֤褦ˤ)
.TP
.B ץ (OPTIONS)
ץबդ륳ޥɥ饤󡦥ץȡ
ξץο񤤤ɤѤ뤫롣
Υϥ 1  8 Υޥ˥奢ڡˤо줹٤Ǥ롣
.\" .TP
.\" .B ˡ (USAGE)
.\" ޥɤʤɤƤ (sublanguage) ʸˡ򵭽Ҥ롣
.TP
.B λơ (EXIT STATUS)
ץνλơͤȡͤб󤹤롣
Υϥ 1  8 Υޥ˥奢ڡˤо줹٤Ǥ롣
.TP
.B ֤ (RETURN VALUE)
 2  3 Υڡξ硢Υ
饤֥롼󤬸ƤӽФ֤ͤΥꥹȤ򵭺ܤ롣
֤ͤ줿ξ֤Ф񤯡
.TP
.B 顼 (ERRORS)
 2  3 Υޥ˥奢ڡǤϡ
顼ȯ
.I errno
ꤵǽͤΥꥹȤ򵭺ܤ롣
ꥹȤˤϡ顼ͤȥ顼θˤĤƤξ񤯡
֥顼ꥹȤϥե٥åȽˤ٤Ǥ롣
.TP
.B Ķѿ (ENVIRONMENT)
ץؿ˱ƶĶѿꥹȤθ̤񤯡
.TP
.B ե (FILES)
ץؿѤե󵭤롣
㤨Сե롢ưե롢ץबľեʤɤǤ롣
ΥեΥե̾ϥեѥǵܤ
ǥ쥯ȥʬϥ桼ιߤ˹碌
󥹥ȡѹǤ褦ˤ롣
¿ΥץǤϥǥեȤΥ󥹥ȡ
.I /usr/local
Ǥ롣äƥ١Ȥʤޥ˥奢ڡǤ
.I /usr/local
ȤƤ뤳Ȥ¿
.\" May 07: Almost no current man pages have a DIAGNOSTICS section;
.\"         "RETURN VALUE" or "EXIT STATUS" is preferred.
.\" .TP
.\" .B ǥå (DIAGNOSTICS)
.\" Ūʥ顼åγפȡ
.\" ɤˤĤƽҤ٤롣ץμ¹Ի˸
.\" ƥ२顼å̿ŪʥɬפϤʤ
.\" 餬ץФ
.\" 餫üʰ̣äƤ̤Ǥ롣
.\"
.\" May 07: Almost no current man pages have a SECURITY section.
.\".TP
.\" .B ƥ (SECURITY)
.\" ƥϢꡦˤĤƽҤ٤롣
.\" 򤱤٤Ķƥޥ
.\" ʤɤˤĤƷٹ𤹤롣餬餫Ǥʤˤϡä˽פǤ롣
.\" ƥ˴ؤϡɬΩˤɬפϤʤ
.\" ⤷򤷤䤹Сƥξ¾Υ
.\" (㤨
.\" .B 
.\" 
.\" .B ˡ
.\" ʤ) ˽񤤤Ƥ褤
.\" ƥξϤɤˤϽ񤤤ƤƤۤ!
.TP
.B С (VERSIONS)
ƥॳ饤֥ؿо줷ꡢưνפѹԤ줿
Linux ͥ glibc ΥСˤĤƤδʷʳס
̤ˡƤο󥿡եϡޥ˥奢ڡ
֥Сפߤ٤Ǥ롣
ǰʤȤˡ¿δ¸Υޥ˥奢ڡˤξϴޤޤƤʤ
(Υڡ񤫤줿ǤϤΤ褦ʥݥꥷϤʤäǤ)
ѥåϴޤ뤬
ɤ񤯥ץޤδ餹С
餯ξ󤬽פˤʤΤϡ
Linux 2.4 ʹߤɲä줿ͥ륤󥿡ե (ͥ 2.2 ѹ) 
glibc С 2.1 ʹߤɲä줿饤֥ؿ (glibc 2.0 ѹ)
ˤĤƤΤߤǤ

.BR syscalls (2)
ޥ˥奢ڡˤ⡢ʥƥॳ뤬о줷
ͥСˤĤƤξ󤬽񤫤Ƥ롣
.TP
.B  (CONFORMING TO)
Υޥ˥奢ڡƤؿ䥳ޥɤ˴Ϣ
ɸ൬ʤ䴷ˤĤƵܤ롣
 2  3 ΥڡǤϡΥ
ƥॳؿ򤹤 POSIX.1 ΥСȡ
C99 ǵꤵƤ뤫˿٤Ǥ롣
(SUS, SUSv2, XPG ʤɤ¾ɸ൬ʤ䡢SVr4  4.xBSD μɸ
ĤƤϡƤ륳뤬εʤǵꤵƤ
POSIX.1 θԥСǵꤵƤʤʳϡ
ޤ꿼ˤɬפϤʤ)
.RB ( standards (7)
ȡ)

Υ뤬ɤɸˤŤƤʤ
¾Υƥǹ¸ߤϡλݤ򵭺ܤ뤳ȡ
Υ뤬 Linux ͭξϡλݤ򵭺ܤ뤳ȡ

(ʤäƤڡ¿) ΥƤɸΥꥹ
ξ硢ꥹȤκǸ˥ԥꥪ (\(aq.\(aq) ֤ȡ
.TP
.B  (NOTES)
¾񤯡
 2  3 Υޥ˥奢ڡǤϡ
\fILinux Ǥ (Linux Notes)\fP  \fIglibc Ǥ (Glibc Notes)\fP
Ȥ̾Υ֥ (\fBSS\fP) ߤʤȤ⤢롣
.TP
.B Х (BUGS)
¡ΤƤ٤ؤ¾Ի׵Ĥưʤɤ񤯡
.TP
.B  (EXAMPLE)
δؿե롦ޥɤɤΤ褦˻Ȥ򼨤
ҤȤĤޤʣ򵭽Ҥ롣
ץץ񤯺ݤξܺ٤
ʲΡ֥ץץפ򻲾ȤΤȡ
.TP
.B  (AUTHORS)
ʸޤϥץԤ󵭤롣
.B ԥ϶ϻѤʤȡ
ŪˤϡԤΥꥹȤƥڡ˻餵ʤ褤
(֤ĤȡԤΥꥹȤˤʤǽ)
ޥ˥奢ڡ򿷵˽񤤤ꡢ˽Ԥäˤϡ
ե˥ȤȤɽɲä뤳ȡ
ʤǥХɥ饤ФκԤǡХ𤹤뤿Υɥ쥹
ܤϡ֥ХץθˤΥ֤뤳ȡ
.TP
.B Ϣ (SEE ALSO)
Ϣޥ˥奢ڡ򡢥޶ڤΥꥹȤǡ
ֹˡǤϥե٥åȽǵܤ롣
ǽʤϢ¾ʸ񤯡
ǤϡΥϺǸ֤
ꥹȤ˥ԥꥪɤ֤ʤȡ
.SS եȤδ
.PP
ؿФƤϡˤϾ˥åΤѤ롣
֤Ȥ (SYNOPSIS) ǤäƤ⡢Υ롼˽
ؿ¾ʬϥܡɤꤹ:
.PP
.BI "    int myfunction(int " argc ", char **" argv );
.PP
̾Ȥäѿ̾ϥåΤꤹ٤Ǥ롣
.PP
ե̾ (ѥ̾ޤ
.I /usr/include
ǥ쥯ȥΥեؤλ) Ͼ˥åΤˤ (:
.IR <stdio.h> )
 (SYNOPSIS) 㳰ǡ
󥯥롼ɥեϥܡɤˤ (:
.BR "#include <stdio.h>" )
.I /usr/include
ʲɸΥ󥯥롼ɥե򻲾Ȥݤϡ
̾ C Ʊͤ˻̤ǥإåեϤ̤ǻꤹ (㡧
.IR <stdio.h> )
.PP
̾ʸɽüޥϥܡɤɽ (㤨
.BR MAXINT )
㳰Ȥ NULL ϥܡɤˤʤ
.PP
顼ɤΥꥹȤ󤹤ˤϡɤϥܡɤɽ
(ΥꥹȤˤ̾
.B \&.TP
ޥѤ)
.PP
ʥޥɤϡĹˤϡ˼褦
Ԥ˥ޥɤ򵭺ܤ٤Ǥ롣
.in +4n
.nf

man 7 man-pages

.fi
.in
ޥɤûϡ
.I "man 7 man-pages"
Τ褦˥åΤʸǵܤƤ褤
ξ硢ޥŬڤʰ֤ˡԤǤʤڡ ("\e\ ")
ȤȤ褤⤷ʤ
ޥɥץ
.I \-l
Τ褦˥åΤǵܤ٤Ǥ롣
.PP
ϡѤλԤ˵ܤʤ硢åΤꤹ뤳ȡ
֤ˤʤ뤬̾ʸˤ⡢
ԤǤʤڡȤȤ褤
.PP
Υޥ˥奢ڡоݤؤλȤϡܡɤ̾򵭺ܤ롣
оݤؿ (Ĥޤꡢ 2  3 Υڡ) ξ硢
̾θ˥ޥե (̾Υե) Ǵݳ̤Ф³롣
㤨С
.BR fcntl (2)
Υޥ˥奢ڡǤϡоݤؤλȤ
.BR fcntl ()
Τ褦˵ܤ롣
ޥ˥奢ڡΥեˤϼΤ褦˵ܤΤ˾ޤ:
.nf

    .BR fcntl ()

.fi
("\\fB...\\fP()" ⡢ηȤȡ
ˤꡢޥ˥奢ڡΥե᤹ġ
񤯤Τñˤʤ롣)
.PP
̤Υޥ˥奢ڡؤλȤϡܡɤ̾򵭺ܤ
³ƥֹɬ׽񤯡ֹ
ޥե (̾Υե) ǽ񤭡ڡʤ
(:
.BR intro (2))
ޥ˥奢ڡΥեˤϼΤ褦˵ܤΤ˾ޤ:
.nf

    .BR intro (2)

.fi
(߻Ȥ˥ֹޤƤȡ
.B man2html
Ȥäġ뤬ڡ֤Υϥѡ󥯤ŬڤǤ롣)
.SS ֤ (spelling)
꡼ 2.59 
.I man-pages
ϥꥫѸ֤δ˽äƤ롣
ڡѥåƤδ˽äƲ
.SS ץץȥΥå
ޥ˥奢ڡˤϡƥॳ饤֥ؿλȤ򼨤
ץץޤ뤳ȤǤ롣
κݤˤϡʲαդ٤Ǥ롣
.TP 3
*
ץץ C ǵܤ뤳ȡ
.TP
*
ץץϡ
󥿥եˤĤʸϤǴñǤʾΤȤ򼨤ˤ
ɬפͭѤǤ롣󥿥եƤӽФʳ˲⤷ʤץ
ץ̤ϤۤȤΩʤ
.TP
*
ץץϤʤûˤ뤳
(100̤˾ޤ50̤ŪǤ)
.TP
*
ץץǤϡƥॳ饤֥ؿƤӽФ
顼åԤȡ
.TP
*
ץץϴ뤷Ƥơ
\fIcc\ \-Wall\fP
ǥѥ뤷ݤ˷ٹʤǥѥǤ뤳ȡ
.TP
*
ǽŬڤʾˤϡץץ
ϤˤưѲʤɤμ¸ԤȤ褤
(Ūˤϡޥɥ饤䡢ץबɤ߹ϥǡ
ͳǡưѲΤ褤)
.TP
*
ץץϡK&R (Kernighan and Ritchie) ǽ񤭡
ϥڡ 4ʸǹԤ
(ɤ TAB ʸȤΤ򤱤뤳ȡ)
.PP
ץץबɤˤʤäƤФ褤ˤĤƤϡ
.BR wait (2)

.BR pipe (2)
򻲾Ȥ뤳ȡ

ץλȤ¾Υƥħ򼨤˥Υå
ޤ硢桼ʸܡɤˤơƥब
Ϥȶ̤Ǥ褦ˤ뤳ȡ
.SS ¤ΤΥåʤɤλ
¤Τ䥷Υåʤɤʸ˵ܤݤϡ
ڡ 4ʬλԤ (Ĥޤꡢ֥å
.I ".in\ +4n"

.I ".in"
ǰϤ)
.SH 
.I man-pages
ѥå˴ޤޤޥ˥奢ڡκۤɸŪˤĤƤϡ
.BR pipe (2)

.BR fcntl (2)
򻲾Ȥ뤳ȡ
.SH Ϣ
.BR man (1),
.BR man2html (1),
.BR groff (7),
.BR groff_man (7),
.BR man (7),
.BR mdoc (7)