.\" Copyright (c) 2006, Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
.\" includes some material by other authors that was formerly
.\" in intro.2.
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" The GNU General Public License's references to "object code"
.\" and "executables" are to be interpreted as the output of any
.\" document formatting or typesetting system, including
.\" intermediate and printed output.
.\"
.\" This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
.\" but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
.\" MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
.\" GNU General Public License for more details.
.\"
.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
.\" Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111,
.\" USA.
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 2006 Akihiro MOTOKI all rights reserved.
.\" Translated 2006-08-12, Akihiro MOTOKI <amotoki@dd.iij4u.or.jp>, LDP v2.39
.\" Updated 2008-08-07, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.05
.\" Updated 2008-08-20, Akihiro MOTOKI, LDP v3.07
.\"
.\" WORD:	standards	ɸ൬
.\" WORD:	revision	
.\" WORD:	guide		ؿ
.\"
.TH STANDARDS 7 2009-02-09 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
standards \- C  UNIX ɸ൬
.SH 
¿Υޥ˥奢ڡΡֽ (CONFORMING TO)פξϤϡ
Υڡ˵ܤ줿󥿥ե򤹤
Ƽɸ൬ʤ򼨤ΤǤ롣
ʲˤɸ൬ʤδñ򵭤
.TP
.B V7
٥븦ˤ븵 UNIX Ǥ Version 7
.TP
.B 4.2BSD
ե˥С졼 (the University of California at Berkeley)
ˤ꡼줿
.IR "Berkeley Software Distribution"
꡼ 4.2 ˤäƵꤵ줿˴Ťɸ൬
(implementation standard)
С졼ˤ꡼
TCP/IP åȥå API ޤǽΥ꡼Ǥ롣

BSD μʥ꡼ȤƤ
\fI3BSD\fP (1980), \fI4BSD\fP (1980), \fI4.1BSD\fP (1981) 롣
.TP
.B 4.3BSD
1986 ǯ˥꡼줿 4.2BSD θѡ
.TP
.B 4.4BSD
1993 ǯ˥꡼줿 4.3BSD θѡ
С졼 (Berkeley) ˤǸ礭ʥ꡼Ǥ롣
.TP
.B System V
AT&T ξ System V (5) ꡼ 1983 ǯǤˤ구ꤵ줿
˴Ťɸ൬ʡ
 AT&T 礭ʥ꡼ 1981 ǯ˥꡼줿
.I "System III"
Ǥ롣
.TP
.B System V release 2 (SVr2)
System V ܤΥ꡼Ǥꡢ1985 ǯ˺줿
SVr2 ˤ 1985 ǯȯԤ줿
.I "System V Interface Definition version 1"
.RI ( "SVID 1" )
˵ܤƤ롣
.TP
.B System V release 3 (SVr3)
SVr2 θѡ1986 ǯ˥꡼줿
Υ꡼ˤ
.I "System V Interface Definition version 2"
.RI ( "SVID 2" )
˵ܤƤ롣
.TP
.B System V release 4 (SVr4)
SVr3 θѡ1989 ǯ˥꡼줿
ΥС System V ˤĤƤ
"Programmer's Reference Manual: Operating System API (Intel processors)"
(Prentice-Hall 1992, ISBN 0-13-951294-2) ˵ܤƤ롣
Υ꡼ˤ
.I "System V Interface Definition version 3"
.RI ( "SVID 3" )
˵ܤƤꡢSystem V κǽŪʥ꡼ȹͤƤ롣
.TP
.B SVID 4
System V Interface Definition version 4
1995 ǯȯԤ줿
󥿡ͥåȤǤ http://www.sco.com/developers/devspecs/
Ǥ롣
.TP
.B C89
ǽ C ɸ൬ʤǤ롣
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) ˤ
1989 ǯξǧ줿
.RI ( X3.159-1989 )
ˤϡεʤ
.I "ANSI C"
ȤƤФ뤬
C99  ANSI ɸʤΤǡθϤޤǤ롣
εʤ 1990 ǯ ISO (International Standards Organization) ˤ
ǧƤ
.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9899:1990" )
Τ
.I "ISO C90"
ȤƻȤ뤳Ȥ⤿ޤˤ롣
.TP
.B C99
C ɸ൬ʤΤβǤ ISO ˤ 1999 ǯ˾ǧ줿
.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9899:1999" )
http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards
饪饤ǽǤ롣
.TP
.B POSIX.1-1990
"Portable Operating System Interface for Computing Environments".
1990 ǯ ISO ˤ꾵ǧ줿IEEE 1003.1-1990 part 1
.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-1:1990" )
ܤ Donald Lewine  "POSIX Programmer's Guide"
(O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., 1991, ISBN 0-937175-73-0) ˽񤫤Ƥ롣
"POSIX" Ȥդ Richard Stallman ƺä
.TP
.B POSIX.2
IEEE Std 1003.2-1992.
ޥɤȥ桼ƥƥˤĤ񤫤Ƥꡢ
1993 ǯ ISO ˤ꾵ǧ줿
.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-2:1993" )
.TP
.BR POSIX.1b " ( \fIPOSIX.4\fP Ȥ줿)"
IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993.
ܿǽʥڥ졼ƥ󥰥ƥΤΥꥢ륿ൡǽˤĤ
ܤƤꡢ
1996 ǯ ISO ˤ꾵ǧ줿
.RI ( "ISO/IEC 9945-1:1996" )
ܤ Bill O. Gallmeister 
"POSIX.4: Programming for the real world"
(O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. ISBN 1-56592-074-0)
򻲾ȤΤȡ
.TP
.B POSIX.1c
IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995.
POSIX åɥ󥿥եˤĤƵܤƤ롣
.TP
.B POSIX.1d
IEEE Std 1003.1c-1999.
ɲäΥꥢ륿ĥˤĤƵܤƤ롣
.TP
.B POSIX.1g
IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000.
(åȤޤ᤿) ͥåȥ API ˤĤƵܤƤ롣
.TP
.B POSIX.1j
IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000.
٤ʥꥢ륿ĥˤĤƵܤƤ롣
.TP
.B POSIX.1-1996
POSIX.1  1996 ǯβǡ
POSIX.1b  POSIX.1c Ǥ롣
.TP
.B XPG3
1989 ǯ꡼Ρޥ٥ˤȳΤǤ X/Open Ҥˤ
.I "X/Open Portability Guide"
κǽ礭ʥ꡼Ǥ롣
λؿˤ POSIX ɸ൬ʤ˴ŤƤ롣
.TP
.B XPG4
1992 ǯ˥꡼줿X/Open Portability Guide (ܿ˴ؤؿ)
βǡ
.TP
.B XPG4v2
XPG4  1994ǯǡ
.I "Spec 1170"
ȤƤФ롣
1170 ȤϤɸ൬ʤƤ륤󥿥եοɽΤǤ롣
.TP
.B SUS  (SUSv1)
Single UNIX Specification.
εʤϡXPG4v2 䤽¾ X/Open ˤɸ൬
(X/Open Curses Issue 4 version 2,
X/Open Networking Service (XNS) Issue 4)
ƹΤǤ롣
εʤ˽򤹤륷ƥ
.I "UNIX 95"
̾뤳ȤǤ롣
.TP
.B SUSv2
Single UNIX Specification version 2.
.I XPG5
ȸƤФ뤳Ȥ⤢롣
εʤ 1997 ǯо줷
εʤ˽򤹤륷ƥ
.I "UNIX 98"
̾뤳ȤǤ롣
http://www.UNIX-systems.org/version2/
⻲ȤΤȡ
.TP
.B POSIX.1-2001, SUSv3
 POSIX.1, POSIX.2, SUS  2001ǯβǤǤ롣
ޤPOSIX.1, POSIX.2, SUS Ĥʸ礷ΤǤ롣
 Austin Group (http://www.opengroup.org/austin/)
θθǹԤ줿
󥿡ͥåȤǤ
http://www.unix-systems.org/version3/ Ǥ롣
ޤεʤ˽񤫤Ƥ륤󥿥եˤĤƤ
Linux Υޥ˥奢ڡѥå 1p, 3p Ǥ
ȤǤ (㤨С"man 3p open")

εʤǤϡ
.I "POSIX Conformance (POSIX )"

.I "XSI Conformance (XSI )"
ʳŬƤ롣
.I "POSIX "
Ͻ򤹤륷ƥɬפȤ륤󥿥եδܥåȤǤꡢ
.I "XSI )"
Ǥ "XSI ĥ" ȤɲäΥ󥿥ե̳դƤ
(POSIX Ǥ XSI ĥμǤ (optional) ȤʤäƤ)
XSI Υƥ
.I "UNIX 03"
̾뤳ȤǤ
(XSI Ƥ
.I "Single UNIX Specification version 3"
.RI ( SUSv3 )
Ǥ)

POSIX.1-2001 ʸ 4Ĥʬʬ뤳ȤǤ:

.BR XBD :
Ѹȳǰإåեλ͡

.BR XSH :
ؿλ (ؿȤϡºݤμǤΥƥॳ
饤֥ؿΤȤǤ)

.BR XCU :
ޥɤȥ桼ƥƥλ
( POSIX.2 ˵ܤƤ)

.BR XRAT :
;ȵʤΤʳʬ

POSIX.1-2001  C99 礬ȤƤꡢ
C99 ɸಽ줿饤֥ؿ POSIX.1-2001 Ǥ
ɸಽƤ롣

 2001 ǯǤɸФ Technical Corrigenda
(ɽ; ٤ʽȲ) ĹԤƤ:
2003 ǯ TC1
.RI ( POSIX.1-2003
ȸƤФ)  2004 ǯ TC2
.RI ( POSIX.1-2004
ȸƤФ) Ǥ롣
.TP
.B POSIX.1-2008, SUSv4
POSIX.1/SUS μβǤ˴ؤȤ 2008 ǯ˴λǧ줿

βǤǤѹ POSIX.1-2001/SUSv3 ǹԤ줿ѹۤ礭ʤ
¿ο󥿡եɲä졢¸λͤ˴ؤƤ
ξܺ٤ѹƤ롣
POSIX.1-2001 ǤǤ (optional) ȤƤ󥿡ե¿
2008 ǯǤɸǤɬ (mandatory) ˤʤ롣
POSIX.1-2001 ¸ߤ륤󥿡եΤĤϡ
POSIX.1-2008 Ǥѻͽΰդ줿ꡢ
ɸफ鴰˺줿ꤷƤ롣

줿ɸ POSIX.1-2001 Ʊ 4 Ĥʬʬ졢
ƱͤʳŬƤ롣
ܥåȤǤ
.I "POSIX Conformance (POSIX )"
ȡ
ܻͤΥ󥿡ե˲äɲäΥ󥿡ե
̳դƤ
.I "XSI Conformance (XSI )"
ĤǤ롣

̤ˤϡޥ˥奢ڡΡֽפξϤΥꥹȤ POSIX.1-2001 
С¾ս񤭤ʤСΥ󥿡ե POSIX.1-2008
ˤ򤷤ƤȹͤƤ褤

ܤ Austin Group Υ֥
http://www.opengroup.org/austin/
˺ܤäƤ롣
.SH Ϣ
.BR feature_test_macros (7),
.BR libc (7),
.BR posixoptions (7)