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.\" Copyright (C) Markus Kuhn, 1995, 2001
.\"
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.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
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.\" You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
.\" License along with this manual; if not, write to the Free
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.\" USA.
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.\" 1995-11-26  Markus Kuhn <mskuhn@cip.informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
.\"      First version written
.\" 2001-05-11  Markus Kuhn <mgk25@cl.cam.ac.uk>
.\"      Update
.\"
.\" Japanese Version Copyright (c) 1997 HANATAKA Shinya
.\"         all rights reserved.
.\" Translated Thu Jun  3 20:36:31 JST 1997
.\"         by HANATAKA Shinya <hanataka@abyss.rim.or.jp>
.\" Updated & Modified Sat Jun 23 07:30:09 JST 2001
.\"         by Yuichi SATO <ysato@h4.dion.ne.jp>
.\"
.\"WORD:	
.\"WORD:	diacritical mark	ȯ
.\"WORD:	International Phonetic Alphabet		ݲ
.\"WORD:	
.\"
.TH UNICODE 7 2001-05-11 "GNU" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH ̾
Unicode \- ʸ
.SH 
ݵ
.B ISO 10646

.B "ʸ (Universal Character Set (UCS))"
Ƥ롣
UCS ¾ʤʸʸƴޤǤ롣
ˡ
.B "θߴ (round-trip compatibility)"
ݾڤ롣
㤨¾椫 UCS Ѵ˸ѴȤƤ⡢
ξ⼺ʤʤ褦Ѵơ֥뤳ȤǤ롣

UCS ϸŪΤƤƤθɽΤɬפʸޤǤ롣
ˤϥƥʸꥷʸʸإ֥饤ʸӥʸ
˥ʸ른ʸǤʤܡڹǻȤƤ
ˤϡʿ̾Ҳ̾ϥ󥰥ʸ
ǡʡ꡼ʸ٥󥬥ʸ७ʸ顼ʸ
䡼ʸߡʸƥ륰ʸʥʸޥ䡼ʸ
ʸ饪ʸ᡼ʸܥݥեʸ ()
٥åʸ롼ʸԥʸʥʸ
ʸ󥴥ʸ
ʸߥޡʸϥʸ
ʸ (׳) ʸʤɤޤޤ롣
ޤСƤʤʸդƤ⡢
ԥ塼ǻѤ뤿
ɤΤ褦ʥ󥳡ɤäȤɤȤ椬ʤƤꡢ
ǽŪˤɲä
ҥդŪʤʥɡ衼åѸǤʤ
ƥ󥰥ʸʸ󥴥ʸʤɤο͹ŪʸФƤ롣
UCS ϡʸ˲äơTeX, PostScript, APL, MS-DOS, MS-Windows,
Macintosh, OCR եȡ¿Υɥץå
ǥƥࡢʤɤ󶡤
޷桦桦ص桦ʳصʤɤ¿ޤ褦ˤʤä

UCS  (ISO 10646) 
.I "31ӥåȤʸ祢ƥ㡼"
򵭽ҤƤꡢ128 Ĥ 24 ӥå
.IR  " (" group )
鹽Ƥ롣
Ʒ 256 Ĥ 16 ӥå
.IR  " (" plane )
ʬ䤵Ƥꡢʸ 256 Ĥ 8 ӥå
.IR  " (" row )
 256
.IR  " (" column )
˰֤롣
εʤ Part 1
.RB ( "ISO 10646-1" )
Ǥϡǽ 65534 ĤΥɰ (0x0000  0xfffd) Ƥ롣
 0  0 ̤Ǥ
.IR "¿ (Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP))"
롣
εʤ Part 2
.RB ( "ISO 10646-2" )
Ǥϡ 0  BMP γǤ
0x10000  0x10ffff ϰϤˤ
.I ""
ʸɲä
εʤǤ 0x10ffff ֤ۤʸɲäͽϤʤΤǡ
ͽۤǤ뾭ˤƤϡ
ɶ֤Τ롼 0 ΰʬϼºݤˤϻȤ뤳ȤϤʤ
BMP ˤ¾ʸǰ̤˻ȤƤʸޤޤƤ롣
ISO 10646-2 ɲä줿̤ϡ
βʳʬǡȡ⼡ץȥ롦
Υեδ֤ʤɤǻȤüʸ򥫥С롣
.PP
UCS ʸ 2 ХȤΥɤɽΤ
.B UCS-2
Ǥ (BMP ʸΤ)
ޤ
.B UCS-4
Ǥʸ 4 ХȤΥɤɽ롣
ˡASCII 륽եȥؤβ̸ߴΤ
.B UTF-8
󥳡ɷ롣
ޤ0x10ffff ޤǤ BMP ʸ򰷤
UCS-2 бեȥȤθߴΤ
.B UTF-16
󥳡ɷ롣
.PP
UCS ʸ 0x0000  0x007f ϡŵŪ
.B US-ASCII
ʸʸƱǤ롣
ޤ 0x0000  0x00ff ϰϤǤϡ
.B ISO 8859-1 Latin-1
ʸʸƱǤ롣
.SS "ʸ (Combining Characters)"
.B UCS
ΤĤΥɡݥȤ
.I "ʸ (combining characters)"
˳ƤƤ롣
ϥץ饤ΰưʤȡ˻Ƥ롣
ʸľʸ˥ȤΤߤä롣
ǤפʥդʸϤ켫ȤΥɤ UCS ˻äƤ롣
ǹʸƤʸ˥Ȥȯä뤳ȤǤ롣
ʸϾˤ줬ʸ³
㤨Хɥĸʸ A 饦 ("Latin capital letter A with diaeresis") 
UCS äƽ줿 0x00c4 Ǥ⡢
̾ A "Latin capital letter A" 
"combining diaeresis (ʬ)" ³ȹ礻
(0x0041 0x0308) ΤɤǤɽ뤳ȤǤ롣
.PP
ʸϡʸؿΥ󥳡ɡ
ݲȤ桼ʤɤˤɬܤǤ롣
.SS ٥
ƤΥƥ˹ʸΤ褦ʿʤݡȤԤƤ櫓ǤϤʤ
ISO 10646-1 ϰʲλʳ UCS μ٥ꤷƤ롣
.TP 0.9i
Level 1
ʸ
.B ϥ󥰥롦ʸ
(ʴڹīʸ沽
沽Ǥϡϥ󥰥벻Υդ
3 Ĥޤ 2 Ĥ첻ҲɤȤ߹碌沽) ϥݡȤʤ
.TP
Level 2
Level 1 ƱͤʸɬܤȤΤʸ
(㤨Сʸ饪ʸإ֥饤ʸӥʸ
ǡʡ꡼ʸޥ䡼ʸʤ) ϻȤ롣
.TP
Level 3
Ƥ
.B UCS
ʸ򥵥ݡȤ롣
.PP
.B ˥ɡ󥽡 (Unicode Consortium)
ȯԤ줿
.B Unicode 3.0 Standard
ϡISO 10646-1:2000 ˵Ҥ줿
.B UCS Basic Multilingual Plane
 level 3 ƱǤ롣
.B Unicode 3.1
Ǥ ISO 10646-2 ̤ɲäƤ롣
Unicode Consortium ȯԤ Unicode ʤȵѥݡȤˤꡢ
ʸΰ̣ȿ侩ˡˤĤƤιʤ롣
εʽ䵻ѥݡȤǡUnicode ʸ
Խ¤ؤӡѴɽ뤿
ɥ饤ȥ르ꥺबʬ롣
.SS "Linux ˤ Unicode"
GNU/Linux ǤϡC η
.B wchar_t
դ 32 ӥåǤ롣
ͤ C 饤֥ˤ (٤ƤΥˤ) 
.B UCS
ɤͤȤƲᤵ롣
 GNU C 饤֥꤬ץꥱΤ餻뤿εȤơ

.B __STDC_ISO_10646__
롣
 ISO C99 ʤǻꤵƤ롣

ASCII ߴ
.B UTF-8
ޥХȥ󥳡ɤǤϡϥȥ꡼ࡦü̿
ץ졼ƥȥե롦ե̾Ķѿˤơ
UCS/Unicode  ASCII Τ褦˻ȤȤǤ롣
UTF-8 ʸ󥳡ɤȤƻȤȤ
ƤΥץꥱΤ餻뤿ˤϡ
("LANG=en_GB.UTF-8" Τ褦) ĶѿȤäŬڤ
.I  (locale)
򤷤ʤФʤʤ
.PP
.B nl_langinfo(CODESET)
ؿ򤵤줿󥳡ɤ֤̾
Ū
.I wchar_t
ʸʸ򥷥ƥʸ󥨥󥳡ɤѴ (Ѵ) Τ˻Ȥ
.BR wctomb (3)

.BR mbsrtowcs (3)
ˤ
.BR wcwidth (3)
Ȥä饤֥ؿϡ
ʸϤǤɤ뤬ʤ (0\(en2) ֤
.PP
Ū˸ȡLinux ǤϸߤΤȤ
BMP  level 1 ΤߤȤ٤Ǥ롣
ʸ (Ȥ˥ʸ) Ǥϡ
١ʸ 2 ĤޤǤιʸȤȤ
UTF-8 üߥ졼 ISO 10646 ե (level 2) ǥݡȤƤ롣
Ū˸С⤷ǽʤФ餫ʸȤ٤Ǥ
(Unicode Ǥϡ
.B "Normalization Form C (ʸ)"
Ȥ)
.SS ץ饤١ȡꥢ
.B BMP
 0xe000  0xf8ff ϰϤϡʤǤϤʤʸƤ
ŪʻѤΤͽ󤵤Ƥ롣
Linux ߥ˥ƥǤϡ
Υץ饤١ȡꥢ򤵤˺٤ʬ䤷ƻѤ롣
0xe000  0xefff ϰϤϥɡ桼ġ˻Ѥ뤳ȤǤ롣
0xf000  0xf8ff ϰϤ Linux Zone 
Ƥ Linux 桼Ƕ̤˻Ѥ롣
Linux Zone ؤʸƤϿϡ
 H. Peter Anvin <Peter.Anvin@linux.org> ˤäƴƤ롣
.SS ʸ
.TP 0.2i
*
Information technology \(em Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character
Set (UCS) \(em Part 1: Architecture and Basic Multilingual Plane.
International Standard ISO/IEC 10646-1, International Organization
for Standardization, Geneva, 2000.


.B UCS
θʻͤǤ롣
http://www.iso.ch/ ʸǤ CD-ROM  PDF եȤǤ롣
.TP
*
The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0.
The Unicode Consortium, Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA, 2000, ISBN 0-201-61633-5.
.TP
*
S. Harbison, G. Steele. C: A Reference Manual. Fourth edition,
Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1995, ISBN 0-13-326224-3.

C ץˤĤƤΤȤƤɤͽǤ롣
ǤǤϡ磻ʸޥХʸ󥳡ɤ򰷤
¿ο C 饤֥ؿ
ä줿 ISO C90 ʤ 1994 Amendment 1 򥫥СƤ롣
磻ʸޥХʸΥݡȤ
˲ ISO C99 ϡޤСƤʤ
.TP
*
Unicode ѥݡȡ
.RS
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/
.RE
.TP
*
Markus Kuhn: Unix/Linux Τ UTF-8  Unicode  FAQ
.RS
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/unicode.html

.I linux-utf8
᡼󥰥ꥹȤɤ뤿ξ󤬤롣
Linux  Unicode ȤΥɥХõΤ˰ɤǤ롣
.RE
.TP
*
Bruno Haible: Unicode HOWTO.
.RS
ftp://ftp.ilog.fr/pub/Users/haible/utf8/Unicode-HOWTO.html
.RE
.SH Х
Υޥ˥奢롦ڡǸ˲ǡ
GNU C 饤֥
.B UTF-8
ݡȤϴƤ롣
XFree86 ˤ륵ݡȤϿʹǤ롣
.B UTF-8
DzŬ˻Ȥ륢ץꥱ
(¿ͭ̾ʥǥ) κϡޤʹǤ롣
Linux Ǥ
.B UCS
ݡȤǤ̾ CJK  2 磻ʸ󶡤롣
ñʽŤǤˤʸ󶡤⤢롣
麸ؽʸإ֥饤ʸӥʸɸʸʤɤ
֤ɬפȤʸϥݡȤƤʤ
ߡʸ줿ƥ襨󥸥
GUI ץꥱ (HTML ӥ塼ɥץå) ǤΤ
ݡȤƤ롣
.\" .SH 
.\" Markus Kuhn <mgk25@cl.cam.ac.uk>
.SH Ϣ
.BR setlocale (3),
.BR charsets (7),
.BR utf-8 (7)