.\" Copyright (c) 1985, 1991 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
.\" are met:
.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:
.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of
.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.
.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
.\"    without specific prior written permission.
.\"
.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
.\"
.\"     from: @(#)ping.8	6.7 (Berkeley) 3/16/91
.\"	$Id: ping.8,v 1.1.1.1 2000/10/19 08:22:16 ysato Exp $
.\"
.\" Japanese version copyright (c) 1999 Tatsuo SEKINE <tsekine@isoternet.org>
.\"	all rights reserved
.\"
.\" Translated on Tue Dec 07 16:28:28 JST 1999
.\"	by Tatsuo SEKINE <tsekine@isoternet.org>
.\" Updated Sun Jan 14 20:51:42 JST 2001
.\"	by Yuichi SATO <sato@complex.eng.hokudai.ac.jp>
.\"
.\"WORD: Time To Live	̿
.\"WORD: round-trip	
.\"WORD: path	ϩ
.\"WORD: Berkeley Unix System	BSD Unix ƥ
.\"
.Dd August 30, 1996
.Dt PING 8
.Os "Linux NetKit (0.17)"
.Sh ̾
.Nm ping
.Nd
.Tn ICMP ECHO_REQUEST
ѥåȤͥåȥΥۥȤ
.Sh 
.Nm ping
.Op Fl LRdfnqrv
.Op Fl c Ar count
.Op Fl i Ar wait
.Op Fl l Ar preload
.Op Fl p Ar pattern
.Op Fl s Ar packetsize
.Op Fl t Ar ttl
.Op Fl w Ar waittime
.Op Fl I Ar interface address
.Sh 
.Nm ping

.Tn ICMP

.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
ǡѤơꤷۥȤ䥲ȥ
.Tn ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE
Ф
.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
ǡ (``pings'')  IP 
.Tn ICMP
إå
.Dq struct timeval
³ơѥåȤλĤ뤿ǤոĤ ``pad'' ХȤ롣
ץϰʲ̤:
¾Υץ:
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Fl c Ar count
.Ar count
ĤΥѥåȤä (Ƥαä) 塢ߤ롣
ѥåȤ줿塢
.Nm ping
ϱޤ 10 ôԤλ롣
.It Fl d
Ѥ륽åȤ
.Dv SO_DEBUG
ץꤹ롣
.It Fl f
flood ping (ping ι)ѥåȤäƤȤ
⤷ϡ1 ô֤ 100 Ρ줫¿ѥåȤ롣
.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
뤿Ӥ˥ԥꥪ ``.'' ɽ졢
.Tn ECHO_REPLY
뤴ȤˡХåڡɽ
(: ʤ ``.'' õ)
ˤꡢɤΤ餤ΥѥåȤꤳܤ뤫
Ф䤯ɽ뤳ȤǤ롣ѡ桼ΥץȤ롣
.Bf -emphasis
ϡͥåȥ٤򤫤ΤǡդƻȤ٤Ǥ롣
.Ef
.It Fl i Ar wait
ġΥѥåȤδ֤
.Ar wait
Ԥġ
ǥեȤǤϡġΥѥåȤδ֤ 1 ԤġΥץ
.Fl f
ץȤƱ˻Ǥʤ
.It Fl l Ar preload
ꤷ
.Ar preload
ͤ
.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
ѥåȤ®̾ư롣
ѡ桼ΥץѤǤ롣
.It Fl n
ͽϤΤߡ
ۥȤΥɥ쥹顢ۥ̾θߤʤ
.It Fl p Ar pattern
ФѥåȤ뤿 16 ĤޤǤ ``pad'' ХȤǤ롣
ϥͥåȥǤΡǡ˰¸οǤͭѤǤ롣
Ȥ
.Dq Li \-p ff
 1 줿ѥåȤ롣
.It Fl q
Ťʽϡ
ϤȽλʳϡɽʤ
.It Fl R
ϩϿ
.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
ѥåȤ
.Tn RECORD_ROUTE
ץꤷ֤äƤѥåȤηϩХåե
(route buffer) ɽ롣
IP إå 9 Ĥηϩʬ礭ʤȤդ衣
ޤ¿ΥۥȤϤΥץ̵뤹뤫˴Ƥޤ
.It Fl r
̾Υ롼ƥ󥰤̵뤷³줿ͥåȥΥۥȤľ롣
⤷ۥȤľ³줿ͥåȥˤʤС顼֤롣
ϩʤ󥿥ե̤ơ
ʥۥȤؤ ping Τ˻Ȥ롣(㤨С󥿥ե
.Xr routed 8
줿)
.It Fl s Ar packetsize
ХȤΥǡ뤫ꤹ롣ǥեȤ 56 ǡ
.Tn ICMP
إå 8 ХȤäơ
64 ХȤ
.Tn ICMP
ǡˤʤ롣
ѡ桼ΥץѤǤ롣
.It Fl v
ܺ٤ʽϡ
ä
.Tn ECHO_RESPONSE
ʳ
.Tn ICMP
ѥåȤɽ롣
.It Fl w Ar waittime
ɤΤ褦ʾǤطʤ
.Nm ping

.Ar waittime
ø˽λ롣
.El
.Pp
ʲΥץ˴ؤ뵭Ҥϡ
.Nm
ΥʤӤ FreeBSD  man ڡ򻲹ͤ
ܸ˺ݤɲä줿
.Bl -tag -width indent
.It Fl I Ar interface
Ϳ줿󥿥ե顢ޥ㥹ȥѥåȤ롣
.It Fl L
ޥ㥹ȥѥåȤΥ롼ץХå롣
.It Fl t Ar ttl
ޥ㥹ȥѥåȤ IP ̿ (Time To Live) ꤹ롣
.El
.Pp
ڤʬΤ
.Nm ping
Ѥ硢Υͥåȥ󥿥ե up  running Ǥ
Ȥǧ뤿ˡޤۥȾǼ¹Ԥ٤Ǥ롣
θˤ󤯤ΥۥȤ䥲ȥ
.Dq ping
롣
 (round-trip time) ȾüѥåȤפ׻롣
ʣåä硢
ϥѥåȤ»η׻ˤϻȤʤ
ˤ⤫餺ѥåȤα֤ϡ
κǾ͡ʿͤ͡η׻Ѥ롣
ꤷΥѥåȤ줿 (Ƥαä) ץब
.Dv SIGINT
ǽλ줿ϡñɽ롣
.Pp
⤷
.Nm ping
ѥåȤʤäˤϡλ 1 ǽλ롣
顼Х 2 ǽλ롣ʳξϥ 0 ǽλ롣
ˤꡢλɤǡۥȤưƤ뤫ɤȽǤ뤳
Ǥ롣
.Pp
ΥץϥͥåȥΥƥȡ¬ˤĤƤλѤտޤƤ롣
Υץबͥåȥ˶٤ͤС
.Nm ping
ȥ֥ΤʤȤ伫ưץȤ¹Ԥ뤳ȤϾʤ
.Sh ICMP ѥåȤξܺ
ץʤ IP إå 20 ХȤǤ롣
.Tn ICMP
.Tn ECHO_REQUEST
ѥåȤϡʤ 8 ХȤ
.Tn ICMP
إåȤ³Ǥդ̤Υǡʤ롣
.Ar packetsize
Ϳ줿ˤϡղŪʥǡʬΥ (ǥեȤ 56) 򼨤
ä
.Tn ICMP
.Tn ECHO_REPLY
ѥåȤ IP ѥåǼǡ̤ϡ
׵ᤵ줿ǡΰ 8 Х
.Ns ( Tn ICMP
إåʬ) ¿
.Pp
⤷ǡΰ褬 8 ХȤ礭С
.Nm ping
ϤΰƬ 8 ХȤ򡢱֤׻Τ˻Ȥॹפ
ޤ뤿˻Ѥ롣
⤷ 8 ХȤ⾯ʤС֤ʤ
.Sh ʣѥåȤȾ㳲ѥå
.Nm ping
ϡʣѥåȤȾ㳲ѥåȤˤĤ𤹤롣
ʣѥåȤ (˥㥹ȥɥ쥹ФƤ) ϤϤʤ
ŬڤʥؤǤκˤäư褦˻פ롣
ʣ͡ʾǵǽ롣㤤٥νʣ¸ߤ
ɬٹˤϤʤʤ⤷ʤ褤ǤϤʤ
.Pp
㳲ѥåȤϡ餫˿ʷٹǤꡢ¿ξ
.Nm ping
ѥåȤηϩ (ͥåȥ⡢⤷ϤΥۥ) Τɤ
줿ϡɥ뤳Ȥ򼨤
.Sh ۤʤǡѥλ
(󥿡) ͥåȥؤϡ褷ƥǡʬ˴ޤޤǡˤä
ѥåȤΰѤꤷʤ
Թˤ⡢ǡ˰¸꤬ͥåȥؤȿ
ĹȯʤޤޤȤʤäƤޤǽΤƤ롣
ΤѥåȤΥѥ¿ξ硢
Ƥ 0 ޤƤ 1 Τ褦ʤΡ
뤤ϱüʳؤ 0 Τ褦ʡ
ʬ `` (transitions)'' ʤΤǤ롣
ޥɥ饤 (㤨)  0 Ȥǡѥꤹ뤳Ȥϡ
ɬ⽽ʬǤϤʤ
ʤʤСδؿΤΤϥǡؤˤѥǤꡢ
ʤϤΤȡȥ顼ΤȤδط
ʣǤ롣
.Pp
ϡ⤷ʤǡ¸Ƥʤ顢
ȯ뤿ˤ
ΥƥȤ򤷤ʤФʤʤ⤷ʤȤ̣롣
⤷ɤСͥåȥ̤뤳ȤΤǤʤե뤫
Ʊ褦ĹΥեꡢžˤäȻ֤Τե
ȯ뤳ȤǤ뤫⤷ʤ
顢ΥեĴٷ֤ѥ
.Nm ping

.Fl p
ץȤäƥƥȤǤ롣
.Sh TTL ξܺ
IP ѥåȤ
.Tn TTL
ȤͤϡѥåȤ˴̲᤹뤳ȤǤ
IP 롼κͤ򼨤
ߤδ㤫顢󥿡ͥåȤγƥ롼
.Tn TTL
եɤΤ 1 餹ȤԤǤ롣
.Pp
.Tn TCP/IP
ʤϡ
.Tn TCP
ѥåȤ
.Tn TTL
եɤ 60 ꤵ٤ǤȤƤ뤬¿Υƥ
äȾͤѤƤ (4.3
.Tn BSD
 304.2  15)
.Pp
Υեɤǽʺͤ 255 ǡؤɤ Unix ƥ
.Tn ICMP ECHO_REQUEST

.Tn TTL
եɤ 255 ꤷƤ롣
ϡۥȤǤ ``ping'' ̤Τˡ
.Xr telnet 1

.Xr ftp 1
ǤϤΥۥȤϤʤͳ (ΰ) Ǥ롣
.Pp
ping ̾ǤϡäѥåȤ ttl ͤɽ롣
⡼ȤΥƥब ping ѥåȤäαˤ
.Tn TTL
եɤˤϰʲ 3 ĤΤ 1 Ĥ뤳ȤǤ롣
.Bl -bullet
.It
ѹʤ; 
.Bx 4.3 tahoe
꡼ BSD Unix ƥबԤäƤΤǤ롣
ξ硢äѥåȤ
.Tn TTL
ͤϡ255 ϩΥ롼οΤˤʤ롣
.It
255 ˥åȤ; ϸߤ BSD Unix ԤäƤΤǤ롣
(: Linux ⤳ˤ)
ξ硢ѥåȤ
.Tn TTL
ͤϡ⡼ȥƥ
.Xr 
.Nm ping
ԤäۥȤؤηϩΥ롼ο255 ΤǤ롣
.It
¾ͤ˥åȤ롣ĤΥޥϡ㤨 30 ޤ 60 Τ褦
.Tn TCP
ѥåȤͤƱΤ
.Tn ICMP
ѥåȤѤ롣ޤۤʤͤѤޥ⤢뤫Τʤ
.El
.Sh Х
¿ΥۥȤȥȥ
.Tn RECORD_ROUTE
ץ̵뤹롣
.Pp
.Tn RECORD_ROUTE
ͭˤˤϡIP إåκĹû᤮롣
ˤĤƤǤ뤳Ȥ¿ʤ
.Pp
flood ping ϰŪˤϿ侩ʤ֥ɥ㥹ȥɥ쥹ؤ
flood ping ϡȾˤƤΤ߻Ѥ٤Ǥ롣
.Pp
ܸ˺ݤĤΥץ˴ؤ뵭Ҥä
ʬʤ
.Sh Ϣ
.Xr netstat 1 ,
.Xr ifconfig 8
.Sh 
.Nm
ޥɤ
.Bx 4.3
о줷