.\" written by Andrew Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
.\" may be distributed as per GPL
.\" Modified by David A. Wheeler <dwheeler@ida.org>
.\" Modified 2004-05-27, mtk
.\" Modified 2004-06-21, aeb
.\" Modified 2008-04-28, morgan of kernel.org
.\"     Update in line with addition of file capabilities and
.\"     64-bit capability sets in kernel 2.6.2[45].
.\" Modified 2009-01-26, andi kleen
.\"
.TH CAPGET 2 2010-09-20 "Linux" "Linux Programmer's Manual"
.SH NAME
capget, capset \- set/get capabilities of thread(s)
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <sys/capability.h>
.sp
.BI "int capget(cap_user_header_t " hdrp ", cap_user_data_t " datap );
.sp
.BI "int capset(cap_user_header_t " hdrp ", const cap_user_data_t " datap );
.SH DESCRIPTION
As of Linux 2.2,
the power of the superuser (root) has been partitioned into
a set of discrete capabilities.
Each thread has a set of effective capabilities identifying
which capabilities (if any) it may currently exercise.
Each thread also has a set of inheritable capabilities that may be
passed through an
.BR execve (2)
call, and a set of permitted capabilities
that it can make effective or inheritable.
.PP
These two functions are the raw kernel interface for getting and
setting thread capabilities.
Not only are these system calls specific to Linux,
but the kernel API is likely to change and use of
these functions (in particular the format of the
.I cap_user_*_t
types) is subject to extension with each kernel revision,
but old programs will keep working.
.sp
The portable interfaces are
.BR cap_set_proc (3)
and
.BR cap_get_proc (3);
if possible you should use those interfaces in applications.
If you wish to use the Linux extensions in applications, you should
use the easier-to-use interfaces
.BR capsetp (3)
and
.BR capgetp (3).
.SS "Current details"
Now that you have been warned, some current kernel details.
The structures are defined as follows.
.sp
.nf
.in +4n
#define _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_1  0x19980330
#define _LINUX_CAPABILITY_U32S_1     1

#define _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_2  0x20071026
#define _LINUX_CAPABILITY_U32S_2     2

typedef struct __user_cap_header_struct {
   __u32 version;
   int pid;
} *cap_user_header_t;

typedef struct __user_cap_data_struct {
   __u32 effective;
   __u32 permitted;
   __u32 inheritable;
} *cap_user_data_t;
.fi
.in -4n
.sp
.I effective, permitted, inheritable
are bitmasks of the capabilities defined in
.I capability(7).
Note the
.I CAP_*
values are bit indexes and need to be bit-shifted before ORing into
the bit fields.
To define the structures for passing to the system call you have to use the
.I struct __user_cap_header_struct
and
.I struct __user_cap_data_struct
names because the typedefs are only pointers.

Kernels prior to 2.6.25 prefer
32-bit capabilities with version
.BR _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_1 ,
and kernels 2.6.25+ prefer 64-bit capabilities with version
.BR _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_2 .
Note, 64-bit capabilities use
.IR datap [0]
and
.IR datap [1],
whereas 32-bit capabilities only use
.IR datap [0].
.sp
Another change affecting the behavior of these system calls is kernel
support for file capabilities (VFS capability support).
This support is currently a compile time option (added in kernel 2.6.24).
.sp
For
.BR capget ()
calls, one can probe the capabilities of any process by specifying its
process ID with the
.I hdrp->pid
field value.
.SS With VFS Capability Support
VFS Capability support creates a file-attribute method for adding
capabilities to privileged executables.
This privilege model obsoletes kernel support for one process
asynchronously setting the capabilities of another.
That is, with VFS support, for
.BR capset ()
calls the only permitted values for
.I hdrp->pid
are 0 or
.BR getpid (2),
which are equivalent.
.SS Without VFS Capability Support
When the kernel does not support VFS capabilities,
.BR capset ()
calls can operate on the capabilities of the thread specified by the
.I pid
field of
.I hdrp
when that is nonzero, or on the capabilities of the calling thread if
.I pid
is 0.
If
.I pid
refers to a single-threaded process, then
.I pid
can be specified as a traditional process ID;
operating on a thread of a multithreaded process requires a thread ID
of the type returned by
.BR gettid (2).
For
.BR capset (),
.I pid
can also be: \-1, meaning perform the change on all threads except the
caller and
.BR init (8);
or a value less than \-1, in which case the change is applied
to all members of the process group whose ID is \-\fIpid\fP.

For details on the data, see
.BR capabilities (7).
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
On success, zero is returned.
On error, \-1 is returned, and
.I errno
is set appropriately.

The calls will fail with the error
.BR EINVAL ,
and set the
.I version
field of
.I hdrp
to the kernel preferred value of
.B _LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_?
when an unsupported
.I version
value is specified.
In this way, one can probe what the current
preferred capability revision is.
.SH ERRORS
.TP
.B EFAULT
Bad memory address.
.I hdrp
must not be NULL.
.I datap
may only be NULL when the user is trying to determine the preferred
capability version format supported by the kernel.
.TP
.B EINVAL
One of the arguments was invalid.
.TP
.B EPERM
An attempt was made to add a capability to the Permitted set, or to set
a capability in the Effective or Inheritable sets that is not in the
Permitted set.
.TP
.B EPERM
The caller attempted to use
.BR capset ()
to modify the capabilities of a thread other than itself,
but lacked sufficient privilege.
For kernels supporting VFS
capabilities, this is never permitted.
For kernels lacking VFS
support, the
.B CAP_SETPCAP
capability is required.
(A bug in kernels before 2.6.11 meant that this error could also
occur if a thread without this capability tried to change its
own capabilities by specifying the
.I pid
field as a nonzero value (i.e., the value returned by
.BR getpid (2))
instead of 0.)
.TP
.B ESRCH
No such thread.
.SH "CONFORMING TO"
These system calls are Linux-specific.
.SH NOTES
The portable interface to the capability querying and setting
functions is provided by the
.I libcap
library and is available here:
.br
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/libs/security/linux-privs
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR clone (2),
.BR gettid (2),
.BR capabilities (7)
.SH COLOPHON
This page is part of release 3.27 of the Linux
.I man-pages
project.
A description of the project,
and information about reporting bugs,
can be found at
http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.