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.. currentmodule:: markupsafe
String Formatting
=================
The :class:`Markup` class can be used as a format string. Objects
formatted into a markup string will be escaped first.
Format Method
-------------
The ``format`` method extends the standard :meth:`str.format` behavior
to use an ``__html_format__`` method.
#. If an object has an ``__html_format__`` method, it is called as a
replacement for the ``__format__`` method. It is passed a format
specifier if it's given. The method must return a string or
:class:`Markup` instance.
#. If an object has an ``__html__`` method, it is called. If a format
specifier was passed and the class defined ``__html__`` but not
``__html_format__``, a ``ValueError`` is raised.
#. Otherwise Python's default format behavior is used and the result
is escaped.
For example, to implement a ``User`` that wraps its ``name`` in a
``span`` tag, and adds a link when using the ``"link"`` format
specifier:
.. code-block:: python
class User(object):
def __init__(self, id, name):
self.id = id
self.name = name
def __html_format__(self, format_spec):
if format_spec == "link":
return Markup(
'<a href="/user/{}">{}</a>'
).format(self.id, self.__html__())
elif format_spec:
raise ValueError("Invalid format spec")
return self.__html__()
def __html__(self):
return Markup(
'<span class="user">{0}</span>'
).format(self.name)
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> user = User(3, "<script>")
>>> escape(user)
Markup('<span class="user"><script></span>')
>>> Markup("<p>User: {user:link}").format(user=user)
Markup('<p>User: <a href="/user/3"><span class="user"><script></span></a>
See Python's docs on :ref:`format string syntax <python:formatstrings>`.
printf-style Formatting
-----------------------
Besides escaping, there's no special behavior involved with percent
formatting.
.. code-block:: pycon
>>> user = User(3, "<script>")
>>> Markup('<a href="/user/%d">%s</a>') % (user.id, user.name)
Markup('<a href="/user/3"><script></a>')
See Python's docs on :ref:`printf-style formatting <python:old-string-formatting>`.
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